Reimagining Schools to Protect Student and Teacher Health
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Reimagining Schools to Protect Student and Teacher Health
Reimagining Schools to Protect
Student and Teacher Health
OVERVIEW
This webinar will take a deep dive into managing indoor air quality in schools to support the success of
students and faculty. Proper indoor air hydration, a.k.a. humidification, decreases student and staff
absenteeism from viral illnesses while supporting learning, productivity, and overall vitality. In addition, this
presentation will uncover financial gains when investing in optimal humidification and its rewards when
student performance is thriving.
YOU WILL LEARN
★ How your school’s indoor environment can affect occupant health.
★ How indoor air quality relates to viral disease transmission.
★ Why viruses thrive in dry conditions.
★ What causes Legionella outbreaks and its impact.
★ The roles humidity, temperature, and CO2 play in making your
building occupants healthier.
★ Financial gains from an investment into optimal humidification.
★ Best practices and products to improve your school’s indoor air quality.
June 22, 2021 2 @Condair
Reimagining Schools to Protect
Student and Teacher Health
INTRODUCTIONS
Dr. Stephanie Taylor Nuno Silva
David Ball Erica Ziino
Building4Health, Inc., Founder, Northern Regional Sales Business Development Marketing Coordinator,
ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force, Manager, Condair Manager, Key Accounts, Condair
Condair Medical Advisor Condair
June 22, 2021 3 @Condair
Stephanie Taylor, MD, M Arch
ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer
Epidemic Task Force
Environmental Health Committee
Building4Health
President and Founder
June 22, 2021 4 @Condair
Presentation Outline
1. COVID-19 has highlighted the need to manage the indoor school
environment to support the health and academic success of our
children
2. What is the best way to manage IAQ for health and learning?
3. How will we measure the success of our efforts?
June 22, 2021 5 @Condair
Presentation Outline
1. COVID-19 has highlighted the need to manage the indoor school
environment to support the health and academic success of our
children
2. What is the best way to manage IAQ for health and learning?
3. How will we measure the success of our efforts?
June 22, 2021 6 @Condair
Factors that matter to students
How many of these
are influenced by
indoor air quality?
5 out of 10!
June 22, 2021 7 @Condair
Our definition of a “healthy building”
must expand
Minimize
Low carbon infections • Control harmful particles
fuel and • Foster a healthy human microbiome
consumption inflammation
Prevent
organ • Minimize VOC off-gassing
Comfortable
Occupants damage and • Control ozone hydroxylation
cancer
Optimize • Support immune defenses
thermal
High real
conditions
• Maximize cognitive functioning
estate value • Support a diverse building microbiome
for
physiology
June 22, 2021 8 @Condair
Presentation Outline
1. COVID-19 has highlighted the need to manage the indoor school
environment to support the health and academic success of our
children
2. What is the best way to manage IAQ for health and learning?
3. How will we measure the success of our efforts?
June 22, 2021 9 @Condair
Do we even know how to define the best air for children? June 22, 2021 10 @Condair
How can we know if indoor
air truly supports health?
Coal miners used canaries
to assess air quality in the
tunnels.
If the canary stayed alive,
the air in the mine was
probably safe for humans.
June 22, 2021 11 @CondairPatient data was the “canary in the coal
mine” to evaluate the hospital building
Study design
Compare patient room data to hospital
associated infections to determine key drivers
Temperature
Staff & visitor hand cleaning
Room pressurization
Lux
CO2 level
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Room traffic
Room air changes 400 patients
Outdoor air fractions
Monitor 10 rooms over 13 months = 8M datapoints
12 @CondairThis approach yielded a big surprise. Low indoor relative
humidity was associated with more infections!
Site of infection
Respiratory
(bacterial & viral)
Avg # of Gastrointestinal
infections (Noro-virus, C
diff)
Urinary tract
Skin
Eye
40 % 60 %
June 22, 2021
Indoor Relative Humidity 13 @CondairLess flu illness in a
humidified pre-school
January 25 – March 11 (32 days)
Half of the classrooms were
humidified, the other half were not
RH of classrooms % Airborne particles Virulence of airborne # children absent due to
carrying virus (PCR) virus influenza illness
20% 49% 75% 22
45% 19% 35% 9
June 22, 2021 14 @CondairRespiratory immunity was impaired
at RH 20%, and supported at 50%
1. Physical barrier: Mucus
production and ciliary
clearance
2. Innate immune responses:
Type I IFN and Interferon
stimulated genes (ISGs)
Interferon Activate
B cell
Dendritic cell T cell
Macrophage
June 22, 2021 15 @CondairLow RH harms many of
our systems
Sitting in room air with 20% RH, water losses through breathing and
skin evaporation dehydrates the average person in less than 8 hours
dry eyes & diminished
impaired vision brain function
& energy
skin inflammation increased
& decreased infections &
wound healing asthma
June 22, 2021 16 @CondairConsequences of very mild (1%) dehydration
Our brain is very sensitive to
even mild dehydration
Results in decreased:
▪ ability to think
▪ short-term memory
▪ concentration
▪ reaction times
▪ visual-motor tracking
Explored in vivo by 1H-MR
imaging and spectroscopy
June 22, 2021 18 @CondairIndoor Climate –
Conqueror of the students?
Matura presentation
Eric Zimmermann
Supervision: Markus Boner, Martin SpeckExploration of the effects of
classroom humidity levels on
teachers’ respiratory symptoms
Longitudinal study of school IAQ factors and health effects among kindergarten through twelfth
grade teachers in North Carolina, USA.
Data were collected from October 16 to June 11, 2011 in six schools
Results—
The risk of asthma-like symptoms among teachers with classroom RH21
Office worker productivity is low and stress is high when the indoor RH is < 30% or greater than 60% June 22, 2021 22 @Condair
In addition, sleep quality is low when office RH is < 30%RH or > 60%! June 22, 2021 23 @Condair
Poor sleep at night results in daytime fatigue June 22, 2021 24 @Condair
Taylor Chart 2019
High infectivity of pathogens Low infectivity High infectivity of pathogens
Virus (lipid membrane)
influenza, coronavirus, RSV, parainfl.
measles, rubella, herpes
Virus (non-lipid membrane)
Bacteria (Gram neg)
Legionella (aerosolized)
Bacteria (Gram pos)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Fungi
Human illness from infections Healthiest humans Human illness from infections
Adult in-patients (acute care)
Elderly patients in long-term care
Pre-school children
Poor human functioning
? Poor human functioning
Employee productivity
Employee sleep quality
Student learning
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Relative Humidity (%)
June 22, 2021 25 @CondairPresentation Outline
1. COVID-19 has highlighted the need to manage the indoor school
environment to support the health and academic success of our
children
2. What is the best way to manage IAQ for health and learning?
3. How will we measure the success of our efforts?
June 22, 2021 26 @CondairWhat will success look like?
Health – decreased absenteeism
Cognitive functioning – good grades
School profitability – higher enrollment, increased financial
reimbursement from school systems (in US)
June 22, 2021 27 @CondairIndoor Air sensors provide data for our Health Impact Rating
MEASURED Components Sensor Readings Health Impact
100 = good
CO2 = x
RH 0 = bad
TEMP
GAS
Ozone = x
HEALTH IMPACT
GAS
CO = x
Health RATING
GAS ALGORITHM
PM 10 = x
100–0
PARTICLES
PM 2.5 = x
CO2
RH = x
GS
Etc.Next steps 1. Communicate the message about IAQ, humidity and health to stakeholders and decision makers 2. Monitor IAQ to create visibility of ambient conditions that relate to health and learning 3. Maintain indoor RH 40–60% 4. Benchmark correlations between IAQ and student performance, remediate when necessary 5. Celebrate student success and school financial profits that result from your leadership! June 22, 2021 29 @Condair
David Ball
Northern Regional Sales Manger
David Ball
Northern Regional Sales Manager
June 22, 2021 30 @CondairGlobal Experience
Representatives
Own sales & service branches/offices
Regional main office
Country organization
R&D Center
Production/assembly
Humidification and Evaporative Cooling
Logistics Center ▪ 22 countries with sales and service offices
Integrated product development ▪ Over 50 reps worldwide / 120 agents in USA
and production/assembly
June 22, 2021 31 @CondairHumidification For Schools
Is Humidity the Key to Keeping Us Safe Indoors? | Fix Our Schools
School humidity levels can reduce COVID-19 in schools
(districtadministration.com)
June 22, 2021 32 @CondairDesigner Guidelines
Recommended humidity level for your school 40-50%
General School Temperature and Humidity Design Criteria
1. Winter classroom design guidelines 72 F/40- 50% RH
40- 50% RH in winter is primary guidance via humidifiers/active humidification (central or local, depending on
the classroom/space system). The humidity minimum, humidifier, and sensor location should be made after
consultation with your ASHRAE professional regarding the envelope design due to the potential for
condensation within the building envelope.
2. Summer classroom design guidelines 75 F/50%-60% RH
Designing to 50% RH in summer is primary guidance, depending on the classroom system.
June 22, 2021 33 @CondairASHRAE Supports USGBC IAQ
Schools Survey and Report
• The most-frequently cited challenge to implementing protective air quality measures at schools was that
school buildings were not designed to support the strategies that were being recommended.
• Only two-thirds of respondents were regularly monitoring IAQ before the pandemic, indicating that
providing time, staff, and funding for regular monitoring and data collection has not been a priority for
many districts in the past.
• Respondents want to continue the measures implemented during the pandemic, citing student and
teacher health. Seventy percent of school districts plan to continue some or all of the strategies they’ve
implemented.
• “As schools re-open and develop health and safety plans to mitigate airborne transmission of COVID-19,
many are prioritizing and upgrading current HVAC systems to provide the highest indoor air quality for
building occupants,” said Corey Metzger, ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force Schools team lead. “We know that
improved indoor air quality has a positive impact on student performance and general well-being and I’m
hopeful that more schools will consider and implement the guidance provided by ASHRAE.”
June 22, 2021 34 @CondairNuno Silva
Business Development Manager,
Key Accounts
Nuno Silva
Business Development Manager,
Key Accounts
June 22, 2021 35 @CondairAvoid Condensation
Condensation occurs when humid air interacts with temperatures below the dew point.
In very cold climates extreme moisture differences can stress the envelope, risking condensation and
moisture migration.
Strategies:
• Cold temperature setback: Reduced humidity may be
required, typically set points will range between 30% - 35%
• Condensation sensors.
• Outdoor Temperature Sensor can provide automatic
setback
• Ventilate / supplemental heat for glass
• Focus on quality in construction / vapor barriers
Image Credit: creativity103.com, Cropped
Resources: ASHRAE Journal Column: Building Sciences by Joe Lstiburek
June 22, 2021 36 @CondairHumidifying to 40-60%
in Cold climates
Indoor RH% at which moisture will condensate on Indoor RH% at which moisture will condensate on
windows - Double-Pane (common spec) windows - Single-Pane (common spec)
100 100
90 Indoor 90
80 temp 60 °F 80
Indoor
70 Indoor 70
temp 60 °F
Indoor RH%
Indoor RH%
60 temp 80 °F 60
50 50 Indoor
40 40 temp 80 °F
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Outdoor Temperature (°F) Outdoor Temperature (°F)
*Calculations based on still air and standard u-values
June 22, 2021 37 @CondairMethods of air humidification
Adiabatic
Energy comes
from the air
Isothermal
June 22, 2021 38 @CondairType of humidification
Isothermal Adiabatic
Steam Evaporation
Steam: Energy comes from electricity, gas, or heat exchange process Heat of Evaporation:
970 – 1075 BTU/lb
Adiabatic (Spray / Evaporative): Energy comes from the air 2257 - 2500 kJ/kg
June 22, 2021 39 @CondairAdiabatic vs Steam • Vapor pressure differential governs evaporation rate • Arid = Rapid Evaporation • Evaporation slows as it approaches saturation • Damp = Slow Evaporation • Constant Enthalpy process June 22, 2021 40 @Condair
Steam Products June 22, 2021 41 @Condair
Adiabatic Portfolio –
Modular Solutions
Atomization/Evaporation Same IC & Touch Display
Direct Systems (direct room
HVAC (duct application) application)
Hybrid Ceiling
High pressure High pressure Compressed air Rotary disk Ultrasonic Mobile
Evaporators (low pressure & humidifier
nozzle systems nozzle systems nozzle systems atomizers nebulizers evaporators
evaporation)
ME Series HP Series DL Series Draabe JetSpray ABS US Series B500 TE
ML System
Water Treatment Systems (reverse osmosis)
ML Draabe box (rental)
RO-A System
June 22, 2021 42 @CondairCeiling evaporative humidifier –
TE Series
Self-contained ceiling mounted evaporative humidifier that has
been designed for ease of installation and retrofits.
In-space humidification only.
• One size for quick and easy installation: 2.2 kg/hr (5lbs/hr) output.
• Suited for buildings without central ventilation systems
(e.g. VRF or hot water heating).
• Installation: Drop ceiling (for discrete operation) or suspended.
• Multiple units possible. Modular, expandable design.
June 22, 2021 43 @CondairTechnology
• Dry air is drawn from the environment, passing
through a wetted media cassette, where water is
evaporated into the air stream.
• For extended media life, the frequency of the drain
can be adjusted according to the supply water
quality to help extend media life.
• Polyester Media can be washed and reused.
• Easy maintenance.
June 22, 2021 44 @CondairProduct Overview
Easy wall remote Drinking water Electrical: 110 /
control with humidistat (no need for RO) 50-60 Hz / 1ph
• Lower operating cost than steam humidifiers
• Energy savings up to 95%.
• Approx. 20 W per lbs/h of humidification
(97 W total)
Humidistat -
• Free additional adiabatic cooling
(Approx. 0.5 Ton(1.75Kw) of cooling per 5lbs/hr)
June 22, 2021 45 @CondairHygiene & Noise
• No Recirculation
• Polyester Media that can be washed and reused
• Drying cycles
• Evaporative, no droplets
• Drainage failure detection at drain pump
• Low noise operation. It meets a Noise Criteria (NC) max value of
40 dB(A) and can be used where a silent atmosphere is required
June 22, 2021 46 @CondairThe “Making Buildings Healthier” whitepaper will
show you how to stop the spread of infectious
diseases inside buildings and what role a minimum
air humidity of 40 – 60% plays.
Download NowContest
CONTEST WHITEPAPER
Making Buildings
10 Lucky Winners Healthier
Whitepaper
Ten attendees from
todays webinar will
win a Condair Mini
Hygrometer.
Good Luck!!! Download Today
6/23/2021 48 @CondairQuestions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Dr. Stephanie Taylor CONTACT US
Building4Health, Inc. na.info@condair.com
ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force 866-667-8321
Condair Medical Advisor
David Ball
Northern Regional
Whitepaper Download
Sales Manager
Making Buildings
Healthier
Whitepaper
Nuno Silva
Business Development
Manager, Key Accounts Download Today
June 22, 2021 49 @CondairThank You
Thank You
Dr. Stephanie Taylor CONTACT US
Building4Health, Inc. na.info@condair.com
ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force 866-667-8321
Condair Medical Advisor
David Ball
Northern Regional
Whitepaper Download
Sales Manager
Making Buildings
Healthier
Whitepaper
Nuno Silva
Business Development
Manager, Key Accounts Download Today
June 22, 2021 50 @CondairYou can also read
