The Surge of South Florida Hip-Hop - Scholarly Repository
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University of Miami Scholarly Repository Library Research Scholars Program 2018-2019 Library Research Scholars Program 5-1-2019 The Surge of South Florida Hip-Hop Luis Armani Rodriguez luis.armani.rodriguez@gmail.com Recommended Citation Rodriguez, Luis Armani, "The Surge of South Florida Hip-Hop" (2019). Library Research Scholars Program 2018-2019. 3. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/library_research_scholars_program_2018/3 This Annotated Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Research Scholars Program at Scholarly Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Research Scholars Program 2018-2019 by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Repository. For more information, please contact repository.library@miami.edu.
Annotated Bibliography
Luis Armani Rodriguez
(2010). Hip Hop in America: A Regional guide Volume 1: East Coast and West Coast USA,
Greenwood Press.
Hip hop, most specifically rap music, has existed essentially since the inception of the Sugarhill
Gang. This guide in Volume 1 explains the very origins of the music so many people today are
still captivated by. Beginning in New York, but quickly migrating to Los Angeles, hip hop music
was used as a platform to speak out against injustice by underrepresented communities. It, in
time, became an anthem for these communities to demand respect and equal treatment. This
guide details how specific artists used hip hop politically and morally to advance their own
agendas.
(2010). Hip Hop in America: A Regional guide Volume 2: The Midwest, The South, and Beyond.
USA, Greenwood Press.
The second volume in the Hip Hop in America series, this work discusses the alternative creative
hotbeds that have become noteworthy in the American hip hop industry. Cities on the east coast,
such as Atlanta and Miami, have lead the way for places all over the country, including the
Midwest and Southwest, to make a mark on the industry as well, each with their own unique
twist.
(2019, 24 March 2019). "Denzel Curry discography." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzel_Curry_discography.
A categorized list of Denzel Curry’s published works. The list includes release dates and
statistical chart information.(2019, 25 March 2019). "Kodak Black discography." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodak_Black_discography
A categorized list of Kodak Black’s published works. The list includes release dates and
statistical chart information.
(2019, 20 March 2019). "Rick Ross discography." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Ross_discography.
A categorized list of Rick Ross’ published works. The list includes release dates and statistical
chart information.
(2019, 23 March 2019). "XXXTentacion discography." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXTentacion_discography.
A categorized list of XXXTentacion’s published works. The list includes release dates and
statistical chart information.
Bein, K. (2016, 17 February 2016). "Denzel Curry Reflects on the Creative Hotbed of Carol City."
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.vice.com/en_us/article/nn9ynk/denzel-curry-carol-city-
miami-travel.
Bein interviews Curry about his experiences coming of age in the diverse “hood” that is Carol
City, Miami. In a casual affair, Curry describes real life in the neighborhood he’s from,
describing restaurants, parks and why the area is conducive to curating powerful musical talent.Brown, P. (2019, 31 January 2019). "7 Rick Ross songs that elevated him to legendary status."
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from revolt.tv/stories/2019/02/01/7-rick-ross-songs-070098bbf0.
This article highlights some of the career-defining songs Ross has released across his numerous
albums.
Burford, C. (2018, 19 June 2018). "The Complete History of XXXTentacion’s Controversial
Career." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.vulture.com/2018/06/a-complete-timeline-
xxxtentacions-controversial-career.html.
Itemized timeline of notable events in XXXTentacion’s career and personal life with an
emphasis on legal encounters and project releases.
Burney, L. (2016, 20 July 2016). "Why Kodak Black’s American Story Is So Important."
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.thefader.com/2016/07/20/kodak-black-lil-big-pac-essay.
Speaks as a justification in the lyrical subject matter of southern rappers with a focus on Kodak
Black and his project, Lil B.I.G. Pac. Kodak in this puts together a collection of songs to
highlight a struggle complimentary to the one Kendrick Lamar did on his Grammy-nominated
album, To Pimp A Butterfly, stating it is important to recognize the struggles of modern African
Americans is complicated and ever-evolving.
Campbell, L. (2015). The Book of Luke. USA, HarperCollins Publishers.
In this autobiographical work by the surviving member of 2 Live Crew, Luther Campbell talks
his childhood in Liberty City. Growing up in a time strife with racial tensions and inequality,
there were 2 goals for children to escape this future, bulk up and play football or wander into the
rap/trap game. Through his dedication to the art, Luther Campbell began his record label and
founded 2 Live Crew, Miami’s all-time most iconic hip hop group. Known for their
oversexualization and vulgarities, 2 Live Crew caught the ear of the Miami youth and the ire of
everyone else subjected to listening to their work. This book details how 2 Live Crew responded
to public reception, demanded respect for their craft and found unlikely success in one of the
strongest record labels in the south east.Charity, J. (2014, 03 March 2014). "Rick Ross' "Mastermind": The "Deeper Than Rap" Sequel
You've Been Waiting For." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.complex.com/music/2014/03/rick-ross-mastermind-review.
Noted to have taken inspiration from the cinematic world of “Scarface” Miami, Ross blends his
real, hard Miami with that of old. He has formed an identity and a body of work unlike any other
in the industry, creating something so unique, it can only be Miami.
Cho, J. (2012, 31 July 2012). "Rick Ross, God Forgives, I Don’t." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/reviews/2012/07/rick-ross-god-forgives-i-dont/.
Ross’s fifth album, broken down into its thematic concepts and features, appealed to fans and
listeners alike. Not changing, but evolving his persona, Rick Ross takes the opportunity to
describe the same life he had on this previous works, while remaining fresh and entertaining.
Clarkson, B. (2018, 18 May 2018). "Rappers Kodak Black and XXXTentacion fuel Broward's rise
as one of the hottest scenes in hip-hop." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.sun-
sentinel.com/news/florida/fl-sb-rap-music-broward-20170918-story.html.
Clarkson catalogues the buzz around Kodak Black and his Broward County counterparts from
the internet where writers and fans have gathered to laud their efforts. The region has talent
brooding for a while and Kodak and X opened the flood gates, making South Florida relevant to
the music industry.
Erickson, S. (2018, 05 August 2018). "Denzel Curry Bridges Hip-Hop’s Generation Gap With
TA13OO." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from medium.com/@stevenerickson/denzel-curry-bridges-
hip-hops-generation-gap-with-ta13oo-3fcaaa18bf65.
Erickson uses his platform to describe how Denzel crafts his music to express his current
opinions on the current state of the industry without preaching. He partitions his newest project,
TA13OO, into light, grey and dark themes; each chapter accentuates his versatility and delivery
of complex concepts adding to the new musical flavor Curry is ushering into the new generation.Estevez, M. (2017, 31 March 2017). "Painting Pictures: Kodak Black Doesn't Rap, He Illustrates."
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.vibe.com/2017/03/project-baby-kodak-black-feature.
Kodak Black’s inaugural studio album was accompanied by a released documentary detailing the
rapper’s youth and inspirations. The association between the two may as well be proof of
Kodak’s claim that as he raps, he illustrates.
Farzan, A. (2017, 17 January 2017). "Kodak Black, Accused of Sexual Assault, Still Reaches for
the Top." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.miaminewtimes.com/music/things-to-do-miami-
free-parties-miami-music-week-2019-11122383.
This is the story of how a young boy from the projects of Pompano Beach metamorphosed into
the icon known as Kodak Black. Farzan focuses on how Kodak’s numerous run-ins with the law
have shaped his past, his career and will shape his future. From car theft and home invasion to
sexual assault, Kodak Black can’t seem to keep out of trouble and, in turn, toes the line between
project hero and industry villain. Regardless of perception, his success is undeniable and his fans
are optimistic about his future.
Findlay, M. (2018, 18 July 2018). "Denzel Curry Is Leading His Generation By Example ".
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.hotnewhiphop.com/denzel-curry-is-leading-his-generation-
by-example-news.55315.html.
Findlay remarks how Denzel Curry with two of the singles off his latest album has shown the
music industry how he can be successful while remaining genuine to himself. His music and his
sound will not waver based on his recognition and popularity and that is exactly why he can
become a voice of his hip-hop generation.
Fitzgerald, K. (2018, 21 December 2018). "The Amplification of Denzel Curry." Retrieved 26
March, 2019, from www.complex.com/music/2018/12/denzel-curry-amplification-interview.
Fitzgerald follows Denzel Curry for a day to get to know the real man that he is with all of the
important details of his character are often lost in between the fame. Denzel proves he is a
genuine, funny, hardworking artist just trying to do the best for his home state of Florida.Fitzgerald, K. (2018, 20 September 2018). "The Legacy of XXXTentacion as a Rapper." Retrieved
26 March, 2019, from www.complex.com/music/2018/09/the-legacy-of-xxxtentacion-as-a-rapper.
This video remarks on the debate over the magnitude of XXXTentacion’s musical and social
legacy.
Fleming, S. (2016, 07 May 2016). "Denzel Curry’s ‘Imperial’ Album Is A Trapsterpiece."
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.blackyouthproject.com/__denzel-curry-imperial-
trapsterpiece/.
Review by Fleming on Denzel’s early album depicts the complex nature in which he wrote his
music from such an early point in his career. Experimenting between hard-hitting barrages of
rhymes and honest, personal work, Curry begins piecing together the style that would propel him
to stardom.
Hay, K. (2019, 28 February 2019). "'Mastermind:' How Rick Ross's Sixth Studio Album Showed
the Resiliency Of A Boss." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.urbanlegends.com/features/rick-
ross-mastermind-5-year-anniversary-essay.
Through some of troubles fame brought Rick Ross, he was able to craft his “Mastermind” album
to not only save his image, but enhance it. The features he secured for the album were curated to
produce a visual, moving piece to secure his legacy as the boss of hip hop.
Kennedy, G. D. (2018, 19 June 2018). "Slain rapper XXXTentacion's violent life stood in stark
contrast to sensitive music that reached out to those on the edge." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-xxxtentacion-analysis-20180619-story.html.
The article by Kennedy highlights the effect of the social media on the lives and careers of artists
like XXXTentacion and how it enhances their ability to connect with their audiences lyrically
and emotionally.Kim, K. S. (2018, 27 March 2018). "‘?’ Does Little to Redeem XXXTentacion." Retrieved 26
March, 2019, from www.thecrimson.com/article/2018/3/27/question-mark-review/.
The Harvard Review of XXXTentacion’s album, “?”, remarks on the lack of cohesion through
the project. The in-depth analysis of each of the songs looks into the songs and the subject matter
of the whole work. The opinion states that there is more left to be desired.
Kotz, T. (2017). "Denzel Curry: Miami After Dark." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.crackmagazine.net/article/long-reads/denzel-curry-miami-after-dark/.
Curry talks about how his experiences of diversity in Miami and personal loss have shaped his
music and his message. He says he gives his music to those who need it, as he has been in their
position before. He works to continue evolving his style and his music to best represent
everything he wants to deliver.
Marr, M. (2016, 01 September 2016). "Rick Ross remembers his days as high school football
player in Carol City ". Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/celebrities/article99317197.html.
Ross, during a brief, post-concert interview, remarks on his athletic career growing up in Carol
City, Miami. The all-county recognition holds as a reminder of home for the international artist.
Mench, C. (2016, 23 August 2016). "Rick Ross Breaks Down the Impact and Importance of 'Port
of Miami'." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.complex.com/music/2016/08/rick-ross-breaks-
down-impact-of-port-of-miami.
Rick Ross breaks down his inspirations and expectations for the first album he released to begin
his career. Noting that he had targeted the urban street population from which he came, Ross
reaffirms his current audience and still works to do them justice.Norris, J. (2018, 08 August 2018). "Denzel Curry on His New Album 'Ta1300,' Why Kurt Cobain
Is Glorified For the Wrong Reasons & His Connection to Trayvon Martin." Retrieved 26 March,
2019, from www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8469090/denzel-curry-ta1300-album-
clout-cobain-interview.
This interview discusses how Curry’s dark and meaningful themes have set him apart from his
current rap class and have influenced his daily life. He discusses how the deaths of Trayvon
Martin and XXXTentacion spoiled the shine on his home and internally disassociated him with
Miami.
Ramirez, E. (2015, 24 June 2015). "Rick Ross: A Timeline of His Legal Troubles." Retrieved 26
March, 2019, from www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6605862/rick-ross-legal-
timeline.
A chronological listing of the legal run-ins Rick Ross has experienced throughout his career;
violence and drug-related charges and crimes are most prevalent as his music would suggest.
Sarig, R. (2007). Third Coast : Outkast, Timbaland, and how hip-hop became a southern thing.
USA, Da Capo Press.
The rise of hip hop in the south is chronicled by Sarig through anecdotal sequences detailing the
lives and works responsible for this southern movement and hip-hop revolution. Beginning in
Miami, the style of Miami Bass is credited as the catalyst for not only Miami rap, but all
southern rap. The efforts of Luther Campbell and Fresh Kid Ice set Miami apart from every other
city also adapting hip hop music to their regional tastes. Looking beyond just Miami, this book
follows the whole shift from the 2 “traditional” coasts, East and West. OutKast from Atlanta and
Lil Wayne from New Orleans were effectively models for the music scenes in their cities.Schube, W. (2018, 27 July 2018). "How Denzel Curry Reinvented Himself on ‘TA13OO’ ".
Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/how-denzel-curry-
reinvented-himself-on-ta13oo-704467/.
Schube interviews Curry while he was living out in Los Angeles after the release of his 2018
album, asking him about how his life changed after his successes. He talks how he has taken
inspiration from Gucci mane and works to bring recognition to his home city of Miami.
Setaro, S. (2017, 25 August 2017). "Kendrick Lamar Praises XXXTentacion's '17': 'Listen to This
Album if You Feel Anything'." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.complex.com/music/2017/08/kendrick-lamar-praises-xxxtentacion.
This article highlights the impact of XXXTentacion’s first project on the hip hop community.
Spielberger, D. (2018, 31 December 2018). "Review: Consider Kodak Black’s “Dying To Live” A
Compelling Cry For Help." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from
www.hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.3348/title.review-consider-kodak-blacks-dying-to-live-a-
compelling-cry-for-help.
The article discusses the link between the successful music Kodak has created and the
tribulations he has experienced as a young man from the projects. The album is said to focus on
Kodak Black’s psyche, an introspective work that tells the story from inside the man.Weingarten, C. R. (2018, 19 June 2018). "We’ve Only Begun to Understand XXXTentacion’s
Musical Legacy." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weve-
only-begun-to-understand-xxxtentacions-musical-legacy-665891/.
Weingarten makes the claim that XXXTentacion, in both music and story, has created a career
which has shaken all aspects of the hip hop industry. His personal mix of controversy, personal
music themes and a disdain for the status quo all allowed for him to succeed in the manner he
did.
Weinstein, M. (2016, 25 August 2016). "Uncover Kodak Black’s Music When He Was Known as
J-Black." Retrieved 26 March, 2019, from www.xxlmag.com/news/2016/08/kodak-black-music-
when-he-was-j-black/.
In the days before Dieuson Octave was known as Kodak Black, ‘J-Black: middle-school rap
prodigy’ used harsh criticism and his driving ambition to create a body of work worthy of respect
and relevance. The article singles out the songs of Kodak’s youth which pave the way for his
recognition and success.You can also read
