TRUST INNOVATION FROM THE AIR TO BUILD SUSTAINABLE, INCLUSIVE, AND HEALTHY COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF TRANSMICABLE - PLANETARY HEALTH ACADEMY
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Innovation from the air to build sustainable, inclusive, and healthy
communities: The case of TransMiCable
Olga L. Sarmiento
TrUST Urban Development and Planetary Health
Planetary Health Academy
January 27, 2021
Cables aéreos: Innovación desde el aire
Cable cars: 24 ciudades en 24 citiesAmérica,
Latino in Latin America, North America,
Norte América, Asia, Africa & Europe
Asia, África,
Innovation from the air & Europa
New cables
Nuevos cable cars
aéreos Cumulative
Número number
acumulado of cable
de cables cars
aéreos
9 30
cars
8
Cables
aéreos
25
7
number ofdecable
cars
6 20
Cables
New cable
Número acumulado
5
15
Nuevos
4
3 10
Cumulative
2
5
1
0 0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2019
TransMiCable
Inauguration Length Booths Stations Passengers/day Passengers' 1st year (2019)
December 3.43 km 163 4 21,000 7.501.250
2018
Passengers/day - pandemic
15,000
Cables aéreos: Innovación desde el aire
Social Urbanism 16 urban
24 ciudades en Latino projects
América, Norte América, Asia, África,
& Europa
• Local markets
• Program to support physical
improvements to homes
• Project to reduce
geomorphological hazards
• Community centers
• Citizen service office (Super
CADE)
• Facilities for recreation and
cultural activities
• Tourism Office
Aims To assess the effects of TransMiCable’s implementation on:
Environmental and social determinants of health (micro-environment
pollution, transport)
Physical activity
Health outcomes (health-related quality of life)
To use citizen science by the people and Ripple effects mapping, in
order to identify barriers and facilitators that could affect the health
and wellbeing the study population.
Natural Experiment Ciudad Bolivar San Cristóbal
Intervention: Control:
Ciudad Bolívar San Cristóbal
Neighborhoods: 27 Neighborhoods: 27
Blocks: 225 Blocks: 228
Population: 229,216 Population: 108,645
T0 TransMiCable T1
Jan–Nov 2018 Dec 2018 Jul 2019–Mar 2020
quanti y quali
Aug-Oct 2020 Qualitative
Results
Sample Response rate 82%
Households-Adults
2052/7571
Acce Stated Acce
647 preferences 524
Ciudad Bolívar 343 San Cristóbal
Baseline 1031 1021
Travel
App diaries App
192 306 109
Acce
Acce Stated
425 preferences 424
San Cristóbal
Follow-up Ciudad Bolívar 303
853
824
Travel
App diaries App
178 191 263
Characteristics of the Study Population
Characteristics Intervention Control p
Age Age 45.9 (18.1) 44.4 (17.4) 0.095
Male 34.7% 38.5%
Sex 0.098
Female 65.3% 61.5%
Elementary school or 40.6% 28.3%
less
High school 43.4% 52.4%
Education
Mobility
Transportation Modal share of trips
Ciudad Bolivar
p-valueSafety 5,3%
Time 11,7%
Reasons for using or not using
TransMiCable in Ciudad Bolivar Time-Safety
41,9%
Reasons to
Interest 19,6% use TMC
No 24,2%
Access 21,5%
Time 6,6%
Use of the TMC Interest 6,6%
Cost 9,7%
Reasons Access 48,0%
Yes 75,8% not to use
TMC
Fear 29,1%
(heights)Average travel time for TransMiCable users decreased
-21.6 (-15.0%)
-10.6 (-12.0%)
Time (Minutes)
-15.5 (-43.9%)
4.4 (21.5%)
p-value 0.005 0.056Average travel time for TransMiCable users decreased
-21.6 (-15.0%)
Females: -3.8 min
Males: -17.8 min
-10.6 (-12.0%)
Time (Minutes)
Females: -13.8 min Females: 5.8 min
Females: -11.8 min
Males: -17.2 min Males: 2.9 min
Males: -31.9 min
-15.5 (-43.9%)
4.4 (21.5%)
p-value 0.005 0.056Physical Activity
• Accelerometry GT3 X, GT3X+
Methods • Freedson’s algorithm (moderate and vigorous physical
activity)
• SOPARCModerate and vigorous physical activity levels according to the transportation mode
Transporte
Public público
and active y activo
transportation Private transportation
Transporte privado
hora
hora
hour
porhour
perpor
Mean
Media Media
Mean
AFMVper
de AFMV
MVPA minutes
minutes
CIIC CI
MVPAde
IC
Minutos
Minutos
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hours
Horaofdel
thedía
day
Hora
Hours del day
of the día
de AFMV
TransMiCable PPhysical activity levels observed in parks
Females
pAir quality
• Concentrations of PM2.5 eBC and CO
in transport micro-environments
Methods
• Inhaled dose of PM2.5 eBC and CO in
GPS
transport micro-environments
• Inhaled dose per trip in transport
ACELEROMETER
DUSTTRAK II (PM2.5)
microenvironments - Discrete event
MICROAETH (eBC) simulation
PEM
(PM2.5)
DELTAOHM (CO.CO2)Personal exposure to contaminants in transportation microenvironments in Ciudad Bolívar
Base line Post-implementation
PM2.5
P-value comparing the cable carInhaled dose of PM2.5 eBC and CO in transport micro-environments
fold
fold
fold
SITP Pedestrian Feeder TransMiCableSimulated inhaled dose per trip
Feeder-TM Cable-TM Alimentador-TM Cable-TM Alimentador-TM Cable-TM
Simulated dose in modal splits that include TransMiCable is significantly less than in traditional modal splitsHealth-related quality of life
• WHO – QOL BREF Questionnaire
Methods
• Difference-in-difference analysis with propensity
score stratifying by sexHealth-related quality of life increased in the female population of
Ciudad Bolivar
100
90 P=0.26
P=0.01 P=0.28 P=0.72
80
70 64.2 66.3 62.0 64.6
62
60 56.2
51.8 53.3 52.7
50
40
30
20
10
0
T0 Mujeres T1 T0 Hombres T1 T0 Mujeres T1 T0 Hombres T1
Ciudad Bolívar San Cristóbal
Females Diff–Diff + PS* Females 5.29 p=0.02 * Analysis adjusted for marital status, education and income for
age, occupation, distance to BRT and slope
Males Diff–Diff + PS* Males -2.79 p=0.33WHO–QOL BREF Environmental domain
Increase in the perception of safety, satisfaction with the physical environment and transportation
P=0.003 P=0.021 POur Voice in TransMiCable
1 Collecting
environment
perceptions of
3 Prioritization of the
most important
issues for the
5 Monitoring of change
actions and ripple
effects
citizen scientists: community
Stanford Discovery
Tool App
2 Discussion of
findings with
community
4 Sharing priorities and
finding solutions
among stakeholders
membersCiudad Bolívar Our Voice in TransMiCable
1. Collection
45 residents registered their neighborhood perceptions in
accompanied walks (26 women, 19 men)
600 photographs
547 audio recordings
San Cristóbal 1 3 5
2
41 3 5
2 y 3 Discussion and
priorization
Socio ecological model 2
Social change actions theories
Grounded theory
Content analysis 4
We held community meetings to discuss
residents' highlights related to health and
quality of life
“Safety has to improve. Things can´t continue as they
are”
Before After “With TransMiCable we´ve seen a lot of progress in our
• Safety • Neigborhood aesthetics neigborhood”
• Community networks • TransMiCable
• Park´s use • Street and sidewalks
• Garbage handling • Pride in the neigborhood
• Illicit drug use • Travel time1 3 5
4. Intersectoral
work 2
4
We organize meetings with decision
makers to facilitate work between
different sectors:
• Urban development institute
• Health ministry "Those meetings with the community seem very valuable to me.
• TransMilenio there is where we realize the perception that people have"
• Sports and recreation institute
• Ciudad Bolívar´s residents
• San Cristóbal´s residents
“To thank the Universidad de los Andes because it has been a very
nice work with these projects, these meetings and the work with
The articulation between community the accelerometer”
demands and program offerings was
achieved1 3
5. Follow up and
ripple effects
Ripple effects mapping
methodology with community
2 5
leaders
4
We monitor the transformation of
residents' perceptions, unintended effects
and new challenges following the
intervention. These were the most “Before, they used to say: “No, I'm not going to Ciudad Bolivar"
but now anyone wants to come to Ciudad Bolivar, even if it's only
recurrent themes: to ride the TransMiCable. They will have another way of thinking
• TransMilenio´s local service when they come.
• Pride in the neighborhood
• New challenges "We need a hospital, another police station. There is only one
• Safety public service´s office in one of the stations for all the people we
• Travel time are here"
• Programs in parksTransMiCable and its urban transformations is an example
Conclusions of a potential inclusive, sustainable and healthy
intervention
• Interventions in public transportation generate benefits that go beyond mobility.
• TransMiCable had short-term effects on:
• Reduction in travel time
• Satisfaction with transportation and physical environment
• The levels of physical activity in cable car users are higher than in other modes of transport
• Females observed performing moderate or vigorous physical activity increased in the Illimaní park
• Reduction in exposure and inhaled dose of PM2.5, eBC, and CO per trip
• Increased health-related quality of life in females
• Our Voice by the people approach
• Elucidates enablers and facilitators of well-being in the community and the importance of the cable car and the urban
transformation to reduce stigma of the locality
• Facilitates a dialogue with stakeholders
• Joint efforts between academia, the community and policy makers have the potential to provide a better understanding
of programs and will help to replicate urban interventions aimed at sustainability and equity.Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dvQ2NPikU4&feature=emb_logo Protocol paper: Urban Transformations and Health: Methods for TrUST—a Natural Experiment Evaluating the Impacts of a Mass Transit Cable Car in Bogotá, Colombia. Front. Public Health, 10 March 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00064 SALURBAL project: https://drexel.edu/lac/salurbal/overview/
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