Yolo County Sheriff's Aero Squadron Crew Resource Management Guide
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Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
Crew Resource Management
Crew resource management (CRM) is the application of team management concepts in
the cockpit environment. The focus of CRM programs is the effective use of all available
resources; human resources, hardware, and information. Human resources include all
groups routinely working with the cockpit crew who are involved in decisions required to
operate a flight safely. These groups include but are not limited to: Sheriff dispatch,
ground unit’s and air traffic controllers. CRM should be an integrated part of all Aero
Squadron flights contributing a significant high level of flight safety. All crewmembers
are expected to use these skills in the cockpit as well as with support personnel with
whom they interact in the course of flight operations.
Using the following skills results in an effective use of resources:
The pilot and observer should encourage participation from each other.
The observer is expected to direct the operation of the flight, although each crew
member must:
o Operate in regards to safety
o Offer inputs and feedback.
o Provide proper support.
o Ask questions to encourage open and interactive communication.
o Manage workload.
o Ensure continuous cockpit discipline, attention to task, and adherence to
SOP.
o Demonstrate, through personal example, what behavior is expected of
others.
Standardization
Crew standardization enhances safety and efficiency by logically distributing cockpit
workload. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) promote confidence and precision
within the flight crew. Any crewmember that observes a non-standard procedure that has
not been explained shall immediately call this deviation to the attention of the other
crewmember. Not every situation can be foreseen. However, it has been well proven that
the best operations occur when a high level of planning, communication, crew support,
and standardization exist. Aero Squadron crew procedures achieve a precise level of
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
standardization that discourages unsafe practices and carelessness, while maintaining
operational flexibility, good judgment, and professionalism.
Situational Awareness
A high state of situational awareness and vigilance from both crew members is critical for
safe operations to detect traffic conflicts during ground operations prior to takeoff, during
flight operations in close proximity to airports, and especially when operating on a large
incident when such aircraft as news or medical helicopters, or CHP will be inbound.
Pilots are encouraged to contact ATC facilities such as norcal approach anytime they are
on station over an incident. This enables pilot’s to receive traffic advisories providing
collision avoidance. To maintain a high level of situational awareness requires pre-task
briefings and effective communications. All crewmembers must stay alert for warning
signs that situational awareness is inadequate or at risk. If these warning signs are
present, they must be communicated immediately so that corrective action may be taken.
Decision Making
The best decisions and operations occur when proper communications, situational
Awareness, and standardization exist. While the final authority of all decisions to aircraft
safety rests with the pilot, the observer should be actively involved in the decision
making process when time permits. The pilot & observer should:
Ensure the aircraft is under positive control at all times.
Solicit ideas, opinions, and recommendations prior to announcing his decision.
Clearly state the decision and thoroughly brief the plan of action.
Ensure that the decision and action plan are acknowledged and understood by all
crewmembers.
Every crewmember should be able to answer the following questions:
What’s happening?
What am I going to do?
How will I do it?
Who does what?
Any doubts, confusion, or changes must be addressed and resolved.
Crew Communication
The degree to which the free and open exchange of information that occurs in the cockpit
is a function of the team building efforts used during initial preflight activities.
Crewmembers are expected to communicate, manage conflict, be assertive and debrief
when appropriate. These are among the primary skills, which ensure effective crew
coordination.
Cockpit Organization
A well-organized cockpit promotes safety by having necessary charts, checklists, and
street maps out and available. The assignment of different crew duties and the execution
of proper sequence of these duties assists in making the flight operate safely and
routinely. The division of duties is designed to enable the pilot to concentrate on
Aircraft control, while the observer accomplishes support duties and monitoring of the
incident.
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
Assertion
Each crewmember must clearly and quickly communicate any significant operational
development to the other member. This communication shall be respectful and specific as
to the nature of the problem, but with appropriate persistence until there is a clear
resolution.
Conflict Management
Each crewmember is responsible for objectively evaluating a problem and pointing out
his/her concerns. Pointing out these concerns without emotion from an objective point of
view will assist in resolving any conflict. Feedback should always be offered objectively
and accepted non-defensively.
Debriefings
Debriefings will be conducted after every mission during which a significant operational
Deviation, event, or conflict has occurred. Deviations from standard operating procedures
Should be thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Utilize the following debriefing format:
1. What happened during the flight?
2. What did you think about what happened?
3. What should we do differently next time?
4. Conduct a recap of “What went well/what could be improved.”
General Mission Procedures
Briefings
Briefings ensure the other crewmember of your intentions to conduct safe flight
operations per SOP.
Sterile Cockpit Procedures
Neither crewmember may engage in any conversation or other activity that could distract
or interfere with the pilot’s duties during critical phases of flight. Critical phases of
Flight includes: ground operations, taxi, takeoff, landing, and any emergency situations.
A critical phase of flight could also included operation of a call while in busy class C
airspace.
Fuel
Fuel must be topped-off before and after each mission flown. “Topped-off” is when the
pilot can see fuel at the top of the filler neck. If this is not visible, then the pilot must have
the aircraft fueled before departure. The aircraft should be refueled and returned to
mission ready status after the flight.
Weather Minimums
Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron weather minimums should always be more
restrictive than those of the FAA.
Pilots should already have your own personal minimums for the mission.
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
Aircraft Occupants
Current Aero Squadron members and law enforcement officers are the only authorized
occupants allowed in the aircraft. At no time will there be more than one ride-a-longs on
a flight with the appropriate waiver completed.
Pilot’s Responsibilities:
Occupy the left seat
Have final authority and ultimately responsible for the crewmembers, and
passengers safety
Ensure the aircraft has properly been preflight, is airworthy and within inspection
times and limits, proper documentation is on board, and the aircraft is loaded and
prepared for the mission including weight and balance.
Obtain a weather briefing, and prepare for the flight
Makes all radio calls in regards of the aircraft to facilities such as norcal
approach, or executive tower.
Responsible for operation of the aircraft radio’s, pilot’s side Garmin 195 GPS,
and of the navigation receivers as needed
The pilot must not operate in a careless or reckless manner.
Observers Responsibilities:
Occupy the right seat
Assisting in the safe and efficient operation of the flight
Being Proficient in his/her duties such as:
o Monitoring sheriff radio and scanner
o Garmin 295 GPS operation
o Directing pilot to the call
o Record keeping
Makes all radio calls in regards to law enforcement to facilities such as sheriff
dispatch or ground units
Responsible for the operation of the sheriff radio and observers side Garmin 295
GPS as need
Advising the pilot of any abnormally during the operation
The observer must not act in a careless or reckless manner.
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
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ARRIVAL AT THE HANGER
Turn on the Sheriff handheld radio and
monitor the frequency
Check last mission sheet to ensure aircraft Unlock flight bag and check the log sheet
is mission ready and there are no squawks vs. aircraft hobbs & tach meter
Open hanger doors
NOTE: Once Hanger doors are fully opened the aircraft should be removed immediately
Check both doors for proper clearance Check both doors for proper clearance
Remove aircraft while steering and Assist with pulling and call out instructions
watching a side for clearance for clearance
Once aircraft is removed, close hanger door for Woodland Aviations walkway
AIRCRAFT PREFLIGHT AND SET UP
Start with the preflight Checklist and Check flight bag for all items before
systematically complete all items starting mission
Setup cockpit with items such as headset, Setup cockpit with items such as headset,
VRF chart, GPS maps, GPS
Begin mission data sheet
Secure Aircraft hanger
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
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GROUND OPERATIONS PRIOR TO TAKEOFF
Complete a general mission and passenger
briefing
Systematically complete all items on before
start, engine starting, and after start
checklist’s
Log on with sheriff dispatch 10-8, and
notify pilot “we are 10-8”
Listen to sheriff radio for any calls
requiring the aircraft
Confirms with observer “we are 10-8”
Make appropriate radio call for taxi
NOTE: During taxiing use Sterile Cockpit Procedures. No non-essential conversation.
Systematically complete all items on
Engine Run up, and Before Takeoff
checklist’s
Brief pilot on intended initial direction of
flight before takeoff (either a call or patrol)
TAKE OFF
Make appropriate radio calls and perform
takeoff
NOTE: During takeoff use Sterile Cockpit Procedures. No non-essential conversation.
Proceed in direction briefed from observer
before takeoff
Update pilot with instructions
PATROL
Brief pilot on what is to be accomplished
(such as, Fly to the casino or fly along the
county border)
Transmit and monitor appropriate Continue to monitor Sheriff radio and
frequencies (such as yolo or davis airport scanner for information
frequencies)
NOTE: Pilot and Observer should always participate in situational awareness and
collision avoidance.
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
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RESPONDING TO A CALL
Give pilot initial heading or area of call
Proceed to the general area of the call Enter into the GPS (either the address,
intersection, or user defined waypoints)
Give pilot a direct heading and distance to
the incident
Proceed direct to the incident Continually update pilot on heading and
distance
Establish contact with appropriate ATC
facility for traffic advisory
NOTE: Pilot and Observer should always participate in situational awareness and
collision avoidance.
Notify ATC when on station over the Communicate to dispatch when on scene
incident
Update observer on traffic inbound (etc. Update pilot on traffic inbound (etc. life-
life-flight, CHP) flight, CHP)
Report to ATC when departing the incident Report to dispatch when complete on scene
Brief pilot on what is to be accomplished
next (such as, Fly to the casino or fly along
the county border)
LANDING
Make appropriate radio calls and perform
landing
NOTE: During landing use Sterile Cockpit Procedures. No non-essential conversation.
Clear the active runway and complete after
landing checklist
Log off with sheriff dispatch 10-10, and
notify pilot “we are 10-10”
Confirms with observer “we are 10-10”
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Updated 08-22-2004Yolo County Sheriff’s Aero Squadron
Crew Resource Management Guide
By: Clint Laurie
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AIRCRAFT REFUELING
Taxi to the fuel pump, and shut down the
aircraft. Ensure the master, and ignition
switch is off.
Setup ladder Ground the aircraft
Extend the fuel hose to the far wing Using fuel card, engage the pump
Begin fueling the aircraft
Top off tank and replace fuel cap Receive fuel hose and take to next wing
Move the ladder to next wing Hand off the fuel hose to pilot
Top off tank and replace fuel cap Receive fuel hose and retract, also detach
the grounding cable
Return the ladder Obtain the receipt
PARKING AND SECURING OF THE AIRCRAFT
Taxi aircraft to hanger Open hanger doors
Check both doors for proper clearance Check both doors for proper clearance
NOTE: Once Hanger doors are fully opened the aircraft should be parked immediately
Push aircraft while steering and watching Assist with pushing and call out
side for clearance instructions for clearance
Once aircraft is parked, close hanger door for Woodland Aviations walkway
Clean aircraft windshield, check oil, and Complete mission data sheet & flight log
tire pressure
Return aircraft to mission ready status Ensure all items are returned to flight-bag
and notify the pilot
Secure the aircraft hanger.
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