2019 ONTARIO CAV ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS - Ontario Centres of ...
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ONTARIO
CAV ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
2019
0
June 2019
CO N T E N T S
Introduction & Methodology 2
Regulations &
Background 4 Guidelines
CAV Sector Analysis 14
Regulations & Guidelines 15
Investment 21 Investment
Industry 25
Research & Development 28
Talent 33
Industry
Summary of Key Findings 35
Summary of AVIN’s Role 36
Acronyms 38
End Notes 40
Research &
Development
Talent
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 1
I N T RO D U C T I O N & M E T H O D O LO G Y
Introduction
With the employment of 205,000+ technology WSP has been retained by the Ontario Centres for Excellence (OCE), and its Autonomous
workers in the Toronto-Waterloo innovation Vehicle Innovation Network (AVIN) initiative, to provide an overview assessment of the CAV
corridor alone, second only to Silicon Valley in ecosystem in Ontario.
North America, Ontario has an outstanding
history of success in both the automotive and The findings of the study, contained within this report, describe key industry trends in
technology industries. 1 Ontario and globally, and show how Ontario can continue to enhance its strength in the CAV
sector.
Despite the downward trend in automotive
manufacturing, Ontario has effectively The report comprises four main sections:
leveraged its automotive history and strong
position in technology development to • Background information on CAVs and the Ontario CAV sector;
become a key player and leader in the
development of cutting-edge connected and • A review of Ontario and global CAV activities and initiatives;
autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies.
• A summary of key findings from the review; and
With the advent of these technologies, Ontario • A summary of AVIN’s role in supporting the Ontario ecosystem.
has a strategic opportunity to establish its
leadership in this emerging field by combining The findings presented in this report are not intended to be exhaustive, but to provide a
its existing automotive and technology strategic overview of key players, initiatives and programs, and high -level inventory of the
industry expertise with the availability of local Ontario ecosystem.
supply chains supported by continued
research and innovation. This report reflects our analysis of primary and secondary research, which follows an
evaluation framework that comprises five critical and interrelated elements of an attractive
and competitive CAV ecosystem.
1. REGULATIONS & 2. INVESTMENT 3. INDUSTRY 4. RESEARCH & 5. TALENT
GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 2
I N T RO D U C T I O N & M E T H O D O LO G Y
Methodology Agencies and Organizations Interviewed
Primary research was conducted through
a series of industry stakeholder interviews
and an online survey. Key players in the
Ontario CAV sector provided first-hand
and demonstrable insights including:
Quotes and
• Current and planned activities, as well observations
as technologies and service offerings, from interviews
that enable the sector. are highlighted
throughout the
• Motivations for pursuing CAV report.
initiatives, specifically in Ontario.
• Scope of resources dedicated to CAV
activities and pursuits.
• Strengths and challenges that the
sector is currently facing.
• Vision for the future, and Jurisdictions Reviewed
opportunities to enable and expand
the Ontario CAV ecosystem.
Sweden
Insight provided from the interviews has
been augmented and reconciled with Norway
information gathered through parallel Finland
secondary research efforts, including a
United States United
literature review and jurisdictional scan.
Kingdom
Germany
Netherlands Japan
Note: Jurisdictions were chosen
Singapore
from the top 10 ranked countries
in KPMG’s 2019 Autonomous
Vehicle Readiness Index. 3
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 3
B AC KG RO U N D
What are Connected
and Autonomous Vehicle Communication Types
Vehicles?
Vehicles can communicate with surrounding
Connectivity and autonomy are two infrastructure such as traffic signal controllers and
distinct but related main streams of traffic monitoring units.
technology.
Connected Vehicles
VEHICLE-TO- VEHICLE-TO-
Connected Vehicles (CVs) are able to VEHICLE EVERYTHING
V2V V2X
gather information from and communicate
with other vehicles and their surroundings
(e.g. infrastructure, pedestrians/cyclists),
VEHICLE-TO-
enhancing safety and mobility. CVs can
INFRASTRUCTURE
provide useful information to surrounding
vehicles to help make safer and more
informed decisions. 2 V2I
Vehicles can communicate and
Connectivity is achieved through share information with other
established communications technologies, vehicles on the road. Examples
including Dedicated Short-Range of such information include
A catch-all term for communications
Communications (DSRC) and cellular traffic conditions, speed, safety
capability with other elements in the
communications. Cellular connections, considerations, etc.
road environment, such as
commonly referred to as Cellular Vehicle- pedestrians or cyclists (V2P), and
to-Everything (C-V2X) may use either 4G other central systems accessed
LTE (Fourth-Generation Wireless Long- through Internet or cloud services
Term Evolution) or next generation 5G (V2C).
(Fifth-Generation Wireless) networks.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 4
B AC KG RO U N D
SAE Levels of Vehicle Automation
Autonomous Vehicles
NO AUTOMATION
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are A human driver is required for all aspects of the dynamic driving task. Vehicles may have
equipped with onboard assistive technology providing warnings to the driver but cannot sustain vehicle control.
equipment (e.g. cameras,
LiDAR, radar) to sense the
LEVEL DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS
A human driver performs most of the driving operation, with the automated
surrounding environment
without necessarily
communicating with other
0 LEVEL
system assisting with minor operations of the dynamic driving task. For
example, with lane keeping assistance the driver controls the speed, while the
automated system self-corrects steering toward the centre of the lane.
vehicles or surrounding
infrastructure. 4
1 Another example is Adaptive Cruise Control where the automated system
controls the speed, while the driver controls steering. Level 1 automation is
included in many vehicles available on the market.
An AV combines data and PARTIAL AUTOMATION
intelligence from its equipment LEVEL An automated driving system can be in control of the dynamic
to automate various aspects of driving task including steering, acceleration, and braking. However,
the dynamic driving task and
navigate through the road
network.
2 the driver must remain engaged in the driving task and monitor the
environment at all times. Examples of Level 2 automation available
to the public in Ontario include Tesla Autopilot, General Motors (GM)
Super Cruise, Mercedes-Benz Distronic Pilot, and Nissan ProPilot.
The Society of Automotive CONDITIONAL AUTOMATION
Engineers (SAE) has LEVEL An automated driving system is in full control of the dynamic
categorized AVs into six levels driving task including steering, acceleration, and braking. The
of automation ranging from no
automation (Level 0) to fully
autonomous (Level 5). 5
3 vehicle is able to scan its environment, react accordingly,
recognize its limitations, and request intervention by a human
driver. The human driver does not need to consistently monitor
the driving environment, but should be prepared to intervene if
needed. There are currently no vehicles with Level 3 (or above)
Note: The term ‘AV’ used LEVEL automation available for purchase in Ontario.
throughout the report refers to
Level 3 automation and above.
LEVEL 4 HIGH AUTOMATION
An automated driving system is able to perform the whole dynamic
driving task including steering, acceleration, and braking within a
defined environment, even if a human driver does not respond to a
5 request to intervene. The vehicle can come to a safe stop if it operates
beyond the boundaries of its safe operating conditions. The human
driver does not need to monitor the driving environment or be available
to intervene with the driving task.
FULL AUTOMATION
An automated driving system performs the whole dynamic driving task independently and
regardless of conditions, without the need for a human driver to be present. The vehicle is truly a
self-driving entity and can decide to abort a trip and come to a full stop.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 5
B AC KG RO U N D
Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
As CV and AV technologies are complementary, it is most likely that combined CAVs will be much more prominent in the market i n the future than
separate CV and AV offerings. For that reason, this report focuses on the combined CAV ecosystem, and its primary enabling t echnologies and critical
considerations.
CAVs Key Enabling Technologies and Considerations
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
Embedded software is a critical
CAV enabler, supporting V2V
COMMUNICATIONS and V2I communications,
Communications enable sensing, and advanced
connectivity and are key to CAV analytics to drive CAVs.
operations, providing the ability
for a vehicle to communicate with
SENSING TECHNOLOGIES other vehicles (V2V) and the
surroundings (V2I/V2X).
Sensing Technologies are key
enablers to AV operations, ADVANCED ANALYTICS
allowing the vehicles to Advanced analytics and artificial
understand their surrounding intelligence (AI) are key enabling
environment. technologies and techniques that are at
the core of many parts of CAV systems.
STANDARDS
Compatibility and interoperability
TALENT CYBERSECURITY across technologies, products, and
Safe and secured transportation network for applications require the
The evolving CAV sector demands CAVs and protection of personal establishment of and adherence to
knowledge, expertise, and technical information rely on effective cybersecurity appropriate standards.
skill development. practices.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 6
B AC KG RO U N D
COMMUNICATIONS SENSING TECHNOLOGIES EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
Communications enable connectivity and Sensing Technologies are key enablers to AV With innovations in V2V and V2I
are key to CAV operations, providing the operations, allowing vehicles to understand communications and sensing
ability for a vehicle to communicate with their surrounding environment. Relevant technologies, as well as AI and data
other vehicles (V2V) and its surroundings technologies include: analytics, embedded software is a
(V2I/V2X). Critical protocols and network critical enabler to the successful
technologies include: • Cameras: passive sensors providing video
development of CAVs.
images (e.g. front view, rear view, and 360°).
• DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Because cameras represent light reflected by Embedded software is computer
Communications): a technology for the surrounding environment, their software written to control machines
vehicle-related wireless performance is impacted by environmental or devices that are not typically
communication; industry-proven conditions including darkness, rain, etc. thought of as computers, commonly
through a wide range of applications, Camera images generally need to be known as embedded systems. In
including tolling and transit signal interpreted through AI to detect and classify vehicles, the embedded software is
priority. objects. rugged in nature and written for the
specific hardware of the vehicle, and
• 4G LTE (Fourth-Generation Wireless • Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging): the
can be used for a variety of purposes,
Long-Term Evolution): the current detection and localization of objects using
such as safety management, engine
standard for wireless broadband radio waves. Although a radar has a limited
control, networking, and infotainment.
communication, with wide network ability to classify objects, it provides
Modern vehicles rely on a steadily
coverage in Ontario. accurate distance estimation to a detected
increasing number of
object, and its performance is not affected
• 5G (Fifth-Generation Wireless): the microprocessors, and a corresponding
by the environment. VORAD (Vehicle
next generation of wireless broadband increase in embedded computing, to
Onboard Radar) is the common term for
communication, with promises of support features such as electronic
radar used in the automotive industry.
lower latency and increased stability control, anti-lock braking
bandwidth and reliability over 4G LTE. • LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): a systems, collision avoidance, and
laser-based sensing system that emits laser adaptive cruise control.
In North America, standards and deployed
beams at eye-safe levels, used to construct
pilots have focused on DSRC, in part due
precise and highly accurate 3-D maps of
to its proven and demonstrable
surrounding environments. LiDAR provides
performance. More recently, an increasing
accurate distance estimation, and through
number of industry and transportation
AI, can detect and classify objects.
professionals are advocating that
connectivity be achieved through 5G, in Passive sensors sense and measure naturally
part due to benefits for wide area V2X and occurring energy (e.g. cameras sense reflective
improved performance. light). Active sensors, such as radar and LiDAR,
provide their own energy source (e.g. radio
waves, laser light).
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 7B AC KG RO U N D
ADVANCED ANALYTICS / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) / MACHINE LEARNING (ML)
Advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML), are key enabling technologies and techniques at the core of many
parts of CAV systems. They are responsible for analyzing sensor data, visualizing the surrounding environment, predicting behaviours, and guiding
vehicle movements.
Advanced analytics refer to a wide range of analytic tools and techniques, and cover a wide range of analytics, including descriptive, diagnostic,
predictive, and prescriptive.
AI is a subset of advanced analytics that simulates human intelligence, and aims to replicate the ability of humans to analyze data, draw conclusions, and
interact with humans in a human-like way.
ML is a category of AI, where the system is able to automatically learn, improve, and optimize through experience. By being able to learn and adapt on its
own, ML allows predictions to be made at a scale and speed not possible for human analysts to achieve.
CYBERSECURITY STANDARDS TALENT
Cybersecurity is vital for the development Standards are critical building blocks in Knowledge, expertise, and technical skill
of a safe and secured transportation the facilitation, development, and development is critical to the success of
network for CAVs, and the protection of deployment of CAVs. They support the an evolving industry such as CAVs.
personal information. compatibility and interoperability across
technologies, products, and applications. The development of new innovative
Cybersecurity protects connected technologies depends on ready access to
systems, networks, data, and programs Standards are documented specifications talent with the necessary education,
(including software and hardware) from and procedures that ensure reliability of training, and skillsets required by
cyberattacks, and prevents sensitive materials, products, processes, and industry. Attracting international talent is
information from being tampered with. services. also a key contributor to the industry.
Priority areas of advanced expertise,
With large quantities of data and A wide range of standards are pertinent knowledge, and skills include emerging
information being created and stored by to CAVs, including communications areas such as embedded software
CAVs, as well as increased connectivity protocols, data formats and definitions, development, AI/ML, and cybersecurity.
between transportation infrastructure, security and safety, performance, testing
cybersecurity is becoming ever more methodologies, and infrastructure and
critical and important. Without robust geometric design.
cybersecurity protections, systems and
networks are vulnerable to the threat of
disruption due to cyberattacks, data theft,
and potentially the failure of autonomous
driving systems and smart road
infrastructure.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 8B AC KG RO U N D
Key Players Academia / Research
Universities and colleges have developed research programs in collaboration with industry partners
The key players in the Ontario CAV sector
and government agencies, enhancing capacity to train the next generation of skilled workers. In
can be aggregated into four categories (see
addition to its academic institutions, Ontario is home to research centres, which run research
pages 14 – 34 for a more detailed description
programs and activities in affiliation with industry and universities.
of specific activities and contributions).
Economic Development / Entrepreneurial Accelerators
Government
Economic development and entrepreneurial accelerators support companies to advance in their field
The Federal Government plays a large role in
of specialization. Accelerators provide organizations with business advisory services, assist with the
national vehicle safety standards, ensuring
identification of funding opportunities, and connect them with talent to grow their employee base.
the security of the transportation network
and overseeing telecommunication
infrastructure.
The Provincial Government and Municipal
Governments are responsible for the
provincial highway network and their local
transportation networks, respectively. They
are also responsible for the safe and
effective integration of CAVs with their
infrastructure and with the management of
their traffic and transit.
The Provincial Government is also
responsible for setting the
rules of the road in
Ontario, as well as, for
supporting a strong, Ontario is
innovative economy. poised for
leadership.
Industry
Industry priorities are the development of
supporting and enabling technologies and
the expansion of CAV-related products and
services. Players in this group range from
Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to large
Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs).
Note: the diagram above is not intended as a full representation of all key players in the Ontario CAV Ecosystem.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 9B AC KG RO U N D
Potential CAV Impacts A CBC study indicated that through reduced congestion and
improved fuel efficiency, CAVs have the potential
Globally, over the past number of years, it has become to reduce the fuel costs, in Canada, by
accepted wisdom – within both the public and private sectors –
that CAVs will be a major disruptor to the current $2.6 BILLION . 8
transportation network and the economy. What that future will
look like, and how quickly it will happen, remains unclear and It is expected that there will be a delay
a source of extensive discussion. between when CAVs are widely
CAVs will available for purchase in the market
CAVs have the opportunity to introduce many benefits, impact how and when consumers will actually trade
including an increase in traffic capacity of existing roadway government in their conventional vehicles for CAVs.
infrastructure, improved traffic flow, improved safety, improved services are There is limited consensus on the
fuel efficiency and, ultimately, an overall reduction in delivered. adoption rate of CAV technology, with
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. 6 estimated penetration rates typically
ranging between 10% and 50% by
In Canada, CAVs could 2035. Generally, industry estimates of
reduce collisions by more than 90% and CAV adoption are more optimistic on
save $37.4 BILLION in monetary costs the availability of the technology and the timing of adoption, compared to
academic sources. Academic sources tend to be more conservative in their
(does not include societal costs). 7
predictions which reflect statistical models, stated preference surveys, the
current state of the technology, and the projected evolution of
The impact of CAVs on traffic congestion is a known topic of
transportation authorities’ infrastructure and policy.
debate. CAVs could potentially increase demand and induce
increased vehicle kilometres travelled (VKTs) on the road,
which could result in increased congestion. Conversely, it is The impact of CAVs with respect to economics, safety, and the environment
possible that the improved efficiency will likely be greatest with heavy vehicles and, as such, the adoption of CAVs
of CAVs could support higher in the goods movement and transit agencies will likely progress differently
throughputs on transportation than those for personal use.
We need to
networks, offsetting the effects
prepare for a Moving forward, as wider CAV adoption is realized, and depending on the
that increased demand could
time when operational and technical needs as CAV technologies evolve, infrastructure
otherwise have on
vehicles can changes and modifications are likely to be needed, and may include:
congestion. 7
operate without
The fabric of urban environments
a driver. • Changes to signing and lane markings to support autonomous driving.
also stands to change as a result • Integration with traffic signals and other control devices to enhance
of CAVs. Potential decreases in vehicle ownership are expected safety and better manage traffic.
as a result of individuals using shared vehicles for trips through
third party transportation network companies. This could result • Dedicated lanes and/or facilities for CAVs.
in a reduced demand for parking and the subsequent
repurposing of land in dense urban cores. 8 Note: all monetary values mentioned in this report are in Canadian Dollars (CAD) unless
otherwise specified.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 10B AC KG RO U N D
Consumer Acceptance Canada’s
AV consumer
acceptance was ranked
The successful development, deployment, and adoption of CAVs rely heavily on public
acceptance of the use of the technology and willingness to change their travel behaviour. 7 OUT OF 20
In turn, consumer acceptance will reflect perceptions about CAV privacy, reliability, and
safety, and cost. 11 OUT OF 25
countries,
Key Research Studies in 2018 and 2019
respectively.
To better understand the consumer acceptance of AVs in the Greater Toronto and
Hamilton Area (GTHA), Transform Lab at Ryerson University carried out the study
– KPMG, Autonomous Vehicle Readiness Index 2018 & 2019 9, 3
Autonomous Vehicles: Public Policy Considerations and Consumer Interest in the GTHA ,
funded by the City of Toronto and Metrolinx. Its findings reflected consumer surveys
KPMG carries out an annual Autonomous Vehicles
with over 3,200 participants,
Readiness Index report, which includes an assessment of
ranging in age from 18
consumer acceptance. 9, 3 In 2016, the Traffic Injury
to 75, conducted in
Research Foundation (TIRF) also conducted a national
November 2016, and Focus group participants
showed interest in, and survey on driver knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and
five focus group
ARE WILLING TO USE, practices relating to AV. 10
studies held in
driverless cars – Driverless Cars in the
mid-2017 and Greater Toronto and
early 2018. 11, 12 OCCASIONALLY Hamilton Area: Focus
Group Findings from
Canadians think
but are also apprehensive of AVs and 2018 11
it is more
NOT PREPARED TO STRESSFUL
FULLY ADOPT to ride in an AV
broader behavioural changes. Many Canadians than relaxing, and
did not anticipate demonstrated a
much learning
LACK OF AV
needed to operate
an AV. KNOWLEDGE .
HALF Most respondents
are willing to
Approximately,
1/3 of respondents – Traffic Injury Research Foundation, "Senior Drivers & Automated Vehicles:0
of survey indicate interest in Knowledge, Attitudes & Practices," 2018 10
adopt AVs,
respondents are sharing an AV with
depending on the Conclusions
interested in using another passenger at
AVs. PRICE. a REDUCED PRICE. Consumers are getting more comfortable and showing an
increase in AV acceptance, but clearly there is still a lot of
work to be done to educate consumers.
– Automated Vehicles in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area: Overview from a 2016 Consumer Survey 12
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 11B AC KG RO U N D
The Autonomous Vehicle Innovation Network (AVIN)
AVIN is a key part of Ontario's auto plan,
"Driving Prosperity - The Future of AV Research and Development (R&D) 6 AVIN Regional Technology
Ontario's Automotive Sector". AVIN is the Partnership Fund (Stream 1 & 2) Development Sites (RTDSs)
Government of Ontario's initiative,
delivered through the OCE, to support Supports projects relating to the development and Support Ontario-based SMEs to develop
SMEs, post-secondary institutions, and demonstration of technologies in the CAV sector, in and test CAV technologies.
other industry stakeholders to the areas of mass light vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, (see next page for more details)
commercialize new products and services transportation infrastructure, Intelligent Transportation
PROGRAM AREAS
in the automotive and transportation Systems (ITS), and transit-supportive systems and
sector, and support Ontario's readiness for vehicles.
Talent Development
the adoption and deployment of these Provides Ontario college and university
technologies.
students and recent graduates
AVIN Technology exposure to real world experience.
AVIN's main objectives are: Demonstration Zone
Participants get opportunities to apply
Allows Ontario-based companies to test, validate, and their expertise and knowledge to solve
• Commercialize CAV, transportation,
showcase CAV technologies with live city infrastructure industry problems related to CAV
and infrastructure system technologies. in Stratford, ON.
technologies.
• Build awareness, educate, and promote (see next page for more details)
Ontario as a leader.
• Encourage innovation and WinterTech AV Development Fund
collaboration.
Supports collaborative projects with resources to develop, test, validate, and
• Leverage Ontario’s talent.
commercialize products that will advance AV R&D concerned with severe winter weather
• Support regional auto-brainbelt conditions. Collaborative projects must be within the development, prototyping, and
clusters. validation stage at technology readiness levels 5-7.
AVIN is ensuring Ontario's leadership in
the automotive and transportation sector
and the future of mobility through five AVIN Central Hub
CENTRAL HUB
program streams and a Central Hub. A dedicated team supporting the delivery and administration of AVIN programming
through:
• Connecting and coordination among key players, interested stakeholders, and the public.
• Identification and support of opportunities.
• Promotion of awareness and education of AVIN programs and initiatives, and promotion
of Ontario's growing CAV community.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 12B AC KG RO U N D
AVIN Technology Demonstration Zone AVIN Regional Technology Development Sites (RTDSs)
Located in Stratford, and operated by the Automotive Parts Led by local economic development and entrepreneurial support organizations, each Regional
Manufacturer's Association (APMA), the AVIN Technology Technology Development Site (RTDS) has a specific focus area and provides access to
Demonstration Zone (DZ) promotes a customer-centered and specialized equipment and facilities to encourage innovation and support development and
demand-driven approach to the commercialization of innovation in testing of CAV technologies.
Ontario, providing Ontario-based companies with a competitive Ottawa Region RTDS
development option.13 Toronto Region RTDS Focuses on vehicular networks and
Focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) and interoperability of communications, and
The DZ allows Ontario-based companies to test, validate, and machine learning (ML) to improve CAV provides an end-to-end integrated AV
perception. Led by MaRS Discovery District, test environment. Led by Invest Ottawa,
showcase their innovative CAV technologies in a controlled
in collaboration with University of Toronto, in collaboration with Carleton University,
environment, in compliance with laws and regulations, and with a Ryerson University, and York University. University of Ottawa, Algonquin College,
wide variety of everyday, real-life traffic scenarios.13 and the City of Ottawa.
Ultimately, the DZ plans to feature a rolling fleet of 20 vehicles,
including 10 passenger vehicles sourced from the five Original
Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in Ontario, and 10 fleet vehicles
from the City of Stratford,
Waterloo Region RTDS
including municipal buses and
Focuses on developing high- Durham Region RTDS
utility trucks.13 definition (HD) 3-D mapping and Focuses on investigating
vehicle localization technology to Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
Stratford will serve as a test city in support AV navigation and control, and User Experience for CAV.
partnership with AVIN and the and safe and efficient CAV Includes the Automotive Centre
Stratford operations. Led by Communitech, of Excellence (ACE), and a state
APMA, allowing CAV vehicles to
provides a in collaboration with University of of the art controlled-
operate within the city boundaries,
living lab for when they are ready.
Waterloo, Waterloo Region EDC environment testing facility to
and Canada's Open Data Exchange. develop and test AV
real-world technologies. Led by Spark
testing. Stratford also has a four-acre test Centre, in collaboration with
Ontario Tech University (OTU),
demonstration track. For three
OTU’s ACE, Durham College,
weeks in October 2018, this facility and the Region of Durham.
was home to the first live 5G pilot
project with OEMs and
AVIN and the telecommunication companies as
RTDSs provide a partners.14
Windsor-Essex Region RTDS
point of contact Focuses on technologies and commercial Hamilton Region RTDS
for other SMEs AV solutions for border crossings. Focuses on multimodal and integrated mobility
and MNEs in the Testing is supported through a virtual using CAV technology such as V2I and integrated
industry. border crossing. Led by Windsor-Essex mobility applications. Initiatives underway include
EDC, in collaboration with University of testing of AV on public roads and the construction
Windsor, St. Clair College, the City of of a smart city laboratory. Led by Innovation
Windsor, and WETech Alliance. Factory, in collaboration with McMaster University,
Mohawk College, and the City of Hamilton.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 13C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Analysis Framework Approach
Our assessment of the Ontario CAV sector is divided into separate
This ecosystem analysis of the Ontario CAV sector considered the
sections focusing on each of the key factors. Each section includes
activities and initiatives of government agencies, academic and
an overview of relevant activities and initiatives in Ontario,
research institutions, private sector companies (from MNEs
followed by a high-level summary of examples of comparable
through SMEs), and support organizations, including economic
global activities. The countries included for the global perspective
development organizations and entrepreneurial incubators and
differ between sections, but all sections do include reference to
accelerators.
U.S. activities and initiatives.
The framework for the analysis has been developed and organized
Each section concludes with a summary of Ontario’s strengths,
around the following five key factors that together shape an
challenges, gaps, and opportunities as they relate to the key
attractive and competitive CAV ecosystem (see descriptions
factor, as well as an overall qualitative assessment of the position
below):
of the Ontario CAV sector.
• Regulations and guidelines
Because of the interrelationships and interdependence among the
• Investment
key factors, many of the ongoing and planned activities and
• Industry initiatives in Ontario are mentioned in multiple sections,
highlighting how they relate to the relevant key factor.
• Research and development
• Talent
1. REGULATIONS & 2. INVESTMENT 3. INDUSTRY 4. RESEARCH & 5. TALENT
GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT
Enable and support Strategically seed and Develop innovative Encourage innovation Foster the development
CAV operations and support areas of and marketable in technology of talent through
testing, and maintain growth opportunities technologies and development and enhanced academic
regulations that with respect to support their full innovation to remain and professional
promote safety and technologies and lifecycle. at the forefront of the training.
innovation. expertise. industry.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 14C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Ontario Regulations and Permitting CAV Testing
Guidelines
In January 2016, Ontario Regulation 306/15: Pilot Project - Automated Vehicles,
Provincial Vision took effect, making Ontario the first Canadian jurisdiction to regulate the testing of
The Government of Ontario has
announced a commitment “to growing the
economy and creating good jobs for
Ontarians through developed resources to
“We are committed
to supporting
Ontario's auto
automated vehicles on public roads.17 Updated in January 2019, the regulation
now allows for driverless AV testing under specific safety conditions.
The Province has also established a Cooperative Truck Platooning Pilot
Program, and released conditions for permitting vehicles with V2V communications
to travel close together as a pilot to “demonstrate their potential, compatibility
assist companies with doing business in the
REGULATIONS
& GUIDELINES province”.15 manufacturing with existing road users and infrastructure, confirm their overall safety, while
sector and the operating on Ontario’s roadways”. 18 Beyond the requirements for safe operation,
In February 2019, Ontario released its these guidelines also define an approved network for permitted testing operation.
hundreds of
newest automotive plan Driving Prosperity
thousands of
– The Future of Ontario’s Automotive Frameworks and Guidelines for Safe Testing CAVs
Sector, with three pillars for action to families across the
INVESTMENT strengthen and build on Ontario’s province that rely To support the growing CAV industry and ensure that technologies are developed
presence as a North American leader in on it. and implemented safely, the Government of Canada, with input from Ontario, has
automotive manufacturing and position established the following frameworks and guidelines for CAV testing:
”
the province as a leader in the
development, commercialization, and • Canadian Jurisdictional Guidelines for Safe Testing and Deployment of Highly
adoption of advanced mobility and Todd Smith, Minister of Economic Automated Vehicles 19
INDUSTRY
manufacturing technologies.16 Development, Job Creation and Trade 23 • Testing Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV) in Canada – Guidance for Trial
Organizations 20
Pillars for Action for Ontario's Automotive Sector • Canada’s Safety Framework for Automated and Connected Vehicles 21
• Safety Assessment for Automated Driving Systems in Canada 22
COMPETITIVE INNOVATION TALENT
BUSINESS CLIMATE
Support from All Levels of Government &
RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY PROMOTE CAREER
AND INNOVATION IN OPPORTUNITIES IN
COSTS & NEW MOBILITY ADVANCED Non-Profit Organizations
TAXES TO ENHANCE THE ECOSYSTEM MANUFACTURING
FOR BUSINESSES
Both the Federal and Provincial Governments have demonstrated motivation to
PROMOTE LEVERAGE INPUT
FOSTER encourage the growth and strengthening of the CAV ecosystem, and have
TALENT
TECHNOLOGY FROM
INVESTMENT & established an environment that supports lower levels of government, academic
ADOPTION INDUSTRY
PARTNERSHIPS and research institutions, and industry players, including OEMs, MNEs, and SMEs.
FOR SMEs
ENHANCE & PROMOTE
MODERNIZE
REGULATIONS AND
SUPPORT R&D EMPLOYMENT &
TRAINING
The Ontario Good Roads Association (OGRA), a registered non-profit lobby group
that represents the transportation and public work interests of municipalities, has
AND TECHNOLOGY
organized the Municipal Alliance for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in
RED TAPE DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
Ontario (MACAVO), to focus on facilitating municipal CAV efforts. MACAVO has
STRENGTHEN
STRENGTHENONTARIO’S
ONTARIO’S worked with over 60 forward-thinking municipalities to develop a Preferred AV Test
SUPPORT TECHNICAL
TECHNICAL Corridor between Windsor and Ottawa, which identifies preferred local roads for
DIVERSIFICATION COMMERCIALIZATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
IN MARKET OF TECHNOLOGY CAV testing activities in over 30 Ontario municipalities.
OPPORTUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 15C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Planning for CAVs GTHA and Kitchener-Waterloo Corridor CAV Readiness Plan
The potential posed by CAVs is understood by the Ministry of
Transportation of Ontario (MTO) and Ontario municipalities, with MTO, Metrolinx, the City of Toronto, and the Region of Peel are working together to complete
many of the larger jurisdictions proactively developing the CAV Readiness project to enhance planning and capacity building for CAVs. The ACATS-
dedicated planning documents for CAVs in their region, or funded project (see page 19), aims to establish a common / consistent planning horizon and
incorporating considerations for planning for CAVs into recent framework in the GTHA and Kitchener-Waterloo corridor through the development of
master plans. alternative CAV scenarios, readiness guidelines, and potential projects.
In collaboration with Transport Canada, Ontario co-chairs a Over the course of this project’s development, over 60 stakeholders from different levels of
REGULATIONS
& GUIDELINES national working group called the Federal/Provincial/Territorial government have been actively engaged, providing input to the project and engaging in
(FPT) Governing Council on Automated and Connected Vehicles. education and capacity building of public sector planners and practitioners.
Established by the Council of Ministers Responsible for
Transportation and Highway Safety, this group is mandated to
focus on alignment of efforts and an integrated approach on GTHA and K-W Corridor CAV Readiness Plan Participating Stakeholders
AVs/CVs among the group members from federal and provincial
INVESTMENT
governments across Canada. This working group's report The
Future of Automated Vehicles in Canada 24 provides
transportation authorities with an overview of short, medium,
and long-term policy implications resulting from the presence of
CAVs on public roads. The group has also published a National
Automated and Connected Policy Framework for Canada that
INDUSTRY
provides policy principles for safe testing and guidance on
issues to help jurisdictions across Canada properly prepare for
CAV deployment.
MTO is examining how CAV technology can be adapted to help
RESEARCH &
meet the Province's broader transportation goals in a number of
DEVELOPMENT key areas such as infrastructure and operations (e.g. highways,
transit, data), as well as, the policy and regulatory framework.
The City of Toronto has documented a draft Automated Vehicle
Tactical Plan listing priority issues, tactics, and actions needed to
TALENT
plan for AVs over the short-term between 2019 to 2021.
Both the Regional Municipality of York and the City of Hamilton
have included considerations and action plans for CAVs in their
recent Transportation Master Plans. 25, 26
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 16C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Global Perspective States with AV related Enacted Legislation and Executive Orders
– Regulations and Guidelines Enacted Legislations
Executive Orders
United States Both
None
The United States has been active in developing and enacting NH
legislation and policy frameworks in support of CAVs.
Nevada was the first state to initially authorize the operation of
autonomous vehicles in 2011. Since then, 26 other states have MA
REGULATIONS
& GUIDELINES passed legislation, seven have had Governor’s issue executive RI
orders, and four others have both that are related to AVs. These NJ
legislations and executive orders relate to encouraging the safe DE
DC
development, testing, and operation of vehicles with AV MD
technology on public roads.27 In 2018, 17 AV-related bills were
enacted in 15 states, including the State of Alabama, California,
INVESTMENT
Kentucky, and Oregon, and eight executive orders were issued in
six states, including the State of Florida, Arizona, and Idaho.
In October 2018, Illinois’ Governor issued an executive order to HI
direct the Illinois Department of Transportation to lead an
Autonomous Illinois initiative and establish a testing program to
INDUSTRY
facilitate legal testing and programs on public roads or highways.
The Ohio’s Governor also signed an executive order in January
2018 to establish DriveOhio, an initiative to organize and
accelerate smart and connected vehicle projects. Another order in
May 2018 allowed AV testing and pilot programs in the state, In early 2015, the CCMTA AV Working Group co-chairs participated in the American
provided that the companies register with DriveOhio. 27 Association of Motor Vehicles Administrators (AAMVA) Autonomous Vehicle Best
RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT Practices Working Group to support the development of the U.S. Department of
New legislation released in California in 2018 allows for fully Transportation (USDOT)’s National Highway Transportation Safety Administration’s
autonomous vehicles to operate on public roads without the (NHTSA) Federal Policy for Safe Testing and Deployment of Automated Vehicles.
presence of an engineer and test driver. This has attracted large-
scale firms such as Tesla and Waymo to commercialize their AV In October 2018, the USDOT released the Preparing for the Transportation Future:
programs in California.28 The State of Washington also enacted Automated Vehicles 3.0 (formerly known as Automated Driving System 2.0: A Vision for
TALENT
legislation in 2018 to convene an executive and legislative working Safety), to expand the scope to include all surface on-road transportation systems
group to develop policy recommendations for AV operations. 27 including advancing multimodal safety, reducing policy uncertainties, and outlining a
process to work with the USDOT. Other topics covered include preparing for automation
In the U.S., individual States are responsible for determining through guidance and pilot programs and enhancing and protecting freedoms enjoyed
liability rules for CAVs and allocation of liability among owners, by citizens.25 It also encourages a consistent regulatory operating environment across
operators, and manufacturers. The investigation of the 2016 fatal the U.S.
crash involving Tesla Autopilot determined that Level 3 autonomy
is limited, and human drivers are expected to maintain awareness Other guidelines include the Automated Vehicle Testing Guidance released by
and control if needed. A number of states, including Michigan, Pennsylvania in July 2018, which attracted Aurora as the first company to be authorized
Nevada, and Washington, have legislation specific to CAVs. to test AVs on state roads in October 2018.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 17C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Germany Singapore
Germany is one of the first European Union members to pass Singapore is a leader in policy and legislation when it comes to AVs. The government has
regulations regarding CAVs.29 In 2017, an Autonomous Vehicle taken steps to proactively investigate the possibilities of the future of mobility and
Bill was enacted to modify the German Road Traffic Act, allowing prepare for the regulatory environment required to facilitate an autonomous future.
drivers to pass off control to a vehicle, and addressing the
requirements and rights of the driver. Germany currently allows A test centre led by the Centre of Excellence for Testing and Research of AVs (CETRAN),
for technology and auto-manufacturer firms, with special was opened in November 2017 to develop standards and ensure the safe deployment of
permits, to test vehicles on roads where the drivers can release AVs on public roads. Operators are required to have a qualified safety driver who will be
REGULATIONS control of the steering wheel.29 able to take control of the vehicle in an emergency and hold third-party liability insurance,
& GUIDELINES
or place a security deposit with the Land Transport Authority.
In 2018, the Ethics Commission of the Federal Ministry of
Transport and Digital Infrastructure released the world’s first In 2019, Singapore released the Technical Reference 68 (TR 68) outlining a set of national
guidelines addressing ethical questions for self-driving vehicles, standards for the safe deployment of fully driverless vehicles.3 The guidelines cover topics
however questions remain relating to liability.29 It is expected including vehicle behaviour, functional safety, cybersecurity, and data formats. TR 68 is
INVESTMENT that this law will be updated and revised to adapt to growing provisional in nature and will continue to be refined as AV technology matures and with
technological changes and data protection considerations.30 feedback from the industry.
United Kingdom
INDUSTRY
Netherlands The United Kingdom (UK) has been active in initiating steps to develop supportive
legislation and national strategies to address CAVs. In 2017, the UK passed the Vehicle
Technology and Aviation Bill that sets out how the liability for accidents involving AVs
The Netherlands are implementing a legal framework to facilitate should be apportioned.33 The Law Commissions of England, Wales, and Scotland are
the testing and operations of AVs. In September 2018, the currently in the three-year process of reviewing the UK’s legal framework for AVs with
government approved the Experimenteerwet zelfrijdende auto implementation expected in March 2021.34 There has also been a coordinated effort
RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT
(law governing the experimental use of self-driving vehicles) to across the country to develop CAV strategies, business plans, and policy road maps.3
allow testing of AVs on public roads without drivers, provided
the vehicles are monitored remotely.31
A Driving License for a Vehicle is also being prepared in
cooperation between the Dutch Vehicle Authority, the main road
TALENT
authority and the central office for driving exams, assessing the
extent to which a vehicle can make safe and predictable
autonomous driving behaviour that aligns with human
performance.32
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 18C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Assessment of Regulations Approved Participants for Testing
and Guidelines in Ontario AV Technologies in Ontario
Ontario Strengths
Ontario was the first Canadian jurisdiction to regulate testing of
automated vehicles on public roads, and through Ontario
REGULATIONS Regulation 306/15: Pilot Project – Automated Vehicles, Ontario has
& GUIDELINES established an environment of regulatory openness that is globally
competitive. The regulation supports private sector AV driving
pilots and testing, and provides an attractive region for industry
and academia CAV-related pursuits by facilitating operational
testing of new technologies and solutions.
INVESTMENT
Ontario has contributed to the development of federal frameworks
and guidelines that provide direction for safe testing and
deployment of CAVs.
The Cooperative Truck Platooning Pilot Program leverages
INDUSTRY
Ontario’s openness for AV testing and provides direction for V2V
communication testing for truck platoon pilots on specific
stretches of provincial highways. Similar testing is ongoing in
other countries, such as the U.S., the Netherlands, Singapore, and
MTO Cooperative Truck Platooning Authorized Network (June 2019)
Sweden.
“
MTO and a number of the larger
RESEARCH &
municipalities have begun
DEVELOPMENT
Highway 11 Highway 417
developing strategies and plans
Going forward, to prepare for greater adoption
Highway 124 – Burks Falls Greenfield Rd – Prescott Rd
we will continue of CAVs.
working with the
TALENT sector, as well as OGRA has also established Highway 400
MACAVO, which focuses on Rankin Lake Rd – MacTier
municipalities facilitating municipal CAV Highway 401
and the federal activities that could support Carman Rd – Upper Canada Rd
government, on smaller forward-thinking Highway 402
longer-term municipalities that do not have Sarnia – Strathroy
dedicated resources for CAV
priorities. planning.
Job Creation and Trade ”
Todd Smith, Minister of Economic Development,
23
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence
Highway 401
Windsor – Tilbury
Highway 403
Brantford – Woodstock
Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 19C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Challenges and Gaps in Ontario • Potential privacy issues and the protection of personal information are being
considered with respect to cybersecurity needs for CAV operations and data sharing.
The Ontario and Federal Governments have established • Data dictionary standards are being developed by Standards Developing
regulations and guidelines for safe testing of CAVs in Ontario. Organizations (SDOs) with input from industry, government, and academia.
This facilitates R&D necessary to develop the technology and to
enable an understanding of how to prepare for a wider adoption • Data ownership and rights to use of data,
of CAVs. Ontario is in a similar position to other jurisdictions, generated by CAVs, is being considered by
where pilot testing of CAVs is vital, as input, to other regulatory government agencies, particularly as it
and guideline planning efforts relating to CAVs. relates to data traditionally collected With AV
REGULATIONS
& GUIDELINES by transportation agencies, such as traffic testing on public
The following provides a summary of a number of the ongoing speeds and travel times.
regulatory and guideline related efforts. These will be revised and roadways, there is
updated as new information is learned. The approach that is To date, in Ontario, the public is aware a need for public
being undertaken in Ontario is also being applied by other of CAVs primarily through the media reporting education.
jurisdictions. on investment initiatives and ongoing
INVESTMENT
testing activities, both good and bad, rather than
• Legal frameworks relating to insurance and liability are being through concerted public education efforts.
studied and considered by the insurance industry and the
government, with considerations of moving from driver
liability to product liability. To date Canadian AV pilots have Opportunities for Ontario
INDUSTRY
been undertaken with global liability insurance or as
self-insured by the vehicle manufacturer.
As a frontrunner with CAVs in Canada, Ontario has the opportunity to set the standard
and lead other provinces towards a national framework that aligns with the directions
• Regulations and guidelines for supporting infrastructure, being taken in Ontario.
including signage and road markings, are being studied by
transportation associations, standards groups, and Continued active involvement and input from the CAV sector, including government,
RESEARCH & government agencies. industry, and academia is necessary for ongoing policy and planning activities.
DEVELOPMENT
A public outreach and engagement program would meet the need to educate the public
of testing activities in the province, and ensure that the material is curated and relevant.
Municipalities
TALENT are looking to
Infrastructure Transport Assessment – Regulations
is not ready Canada and MTO and Guidelines
for CAVs, and to understand
public-sector legal framework. Ontario is currently a global leader with respect to providing
role is not clear. an open and welcoming environment for CAV R&D and
testing. Similar to other jurisdictions, there are a number of
ongoing policy and planning efforts to prepare for public
adoption of CAVs.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 20C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Investment in Ontario
Provincial Vision Advance Connectivity and Automation in
the Transportation System (ACATS)
Ontario has announced its ongoing commitment to supporting investment in the
automotive sector, as outlined in its new automotive plan Driving Prosperity – The Future
Transport Canada’s Advance Connectivity and Automation in the
of Ontario’s Automotive Sector. The province has established funding programs targeting
Transportation System (ACATS) program was created to help
technology development and talent development, such as its investment in the Vector
Canadian jurisdictions get ready for the technical, regulatory, and
Institute for AI, and increased funding for AVIN.16
REGULATIONS policy issues emerging as Canada introduces these technologies,
& GUIDELINES
and has committed up to $2.9 million in grant and contribution
funding over four years across Canada. Of that, nearly $1.5 million
AVIN Funding in program grants have been awarded to Ontario-based applicants,
including MTO, the City of Toronto, Carleton University, University
AVIN is a key action to support the innovation pillar of the Driving Prosperity plan. of Ottawa, and the CSA Group.
INVESTMENT Funding provided through the AVIN initiative ensures that SMEs have the support and
tools needed to develop products and services, to meet global demand, and to ensure
that Ontario is at the forefront of adoption and deployment. AVIN-funded projects
require that industry contributes to total project costs, as shown below.
Examples of AVIN Funding It is important that
INDUSTRY
public investments are
AV R&D Partnership Fund WinterTech AV Development in partnership with
Fund industry. If the
AVIN contributes one-third of eligible project
costs for approved projects up to a maximum of AVIN contributes one-third of industry is not
RESEARCH &
$100,000 for projects up to 12 months in eligible cost, up to $500,000, for interested in investing,
DEVELOPMENT
duration under Stream 1, and a maximum of approved projects related to think twice.
$1,000,000 for projects up to 24 months in severe winter weather conditions
duration under Stream 2. up to 24 months in duration.
TALENT
Technology Demonstration Zone & Talent Development Pooled and Matched Funds
Regional Technology Development Sites
AVIN provides $10,000 in funding
The CAV-focused funding available in Ontario through the AVIN and
For the DZ and each of the 6 RTDSs, AVIN is towards four-month Internships
the ACATS programs require some form of matching funding from
contributing up to $5,000,000 in funding, with a valued at $20,000, and $35,000 in the recipients and/or industry partners. With capital and time
minimum 1-1 match from industry and other funding towards 12-month investments from the recipients, greater resources and equity may
partners. Fellowships valued at $85,000. be available to pursue innovation and R&D efforts, while also
ensuring commitment to the research efforts.
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 21C AV S E C TO R A N A LYS I S
Examples of Technology Investment in Ontario related to CAV Industry
Industry Investment
With established automotive and
$337.9M Investing
on building
technology sectors and an environment the Ottawa R&D Hub and other
open to CAV testing, there are many satellite engineering centres across
$40M
Create
examples of self-funded CAV-based Ontario
industry investments.
funding from 800 Committed over
Ontario and federal
Since the beginning of 2018, GM has
announced more than $345 million in
the Strategic
Innovation Fund
new jobs $345M governments will contribute
$102.4M
and
REGULATIONS
investments for its Canadian Technical in its Canadian Technical
& GUIDELINES
Pledged over maintain
Centre in Markham. GM also recently Centre in Markham,
announced repurposing of its Oshawa
manufacturing plant into a supplier of $300M 300 Ontario since 2018. each to help finance the projects.
after-market parts for existing vehicle investment and positions in
models, as well as dedicating 55 acres of addition $5M the next 10
INVESTMENT
the property to create a test track for years
on cybersecurity
AVs and advanced technologies.35
Investing Creating
In May 2018, Magna announced that it
was committing $300 million in research
$200M 300
Investment in Canadian AI in the Toronto
and development, focusing on new Invested over
start-ups is on the rise. 2017 Hub over the
$10M
INDUSTRY
electrification and AVs. positions
saw US$252M next 5 years
OEMs, MNEs, and SMEs are also partners of venture capital flow into
fundamental AI research
in key programs developed through the Canadian AI companies,
in the past year
various AVIN Regional Technology representing a
460%
RESEARCH &
Development Sites throughout
DEVELOPMENT Ontario.37
year-over-year increase.
$400M
public-private
investment & partnership
TALENT
Makes Canada a global innovation
Committed
4,000
leader and secures over
middle class jobs,
including 1,800 specialized 5G $300M
jobs, over the next 5 years in R&D, focusing on
electrification and AVs
© 2019 WSP Canada Group Limited and Ontario Centres of Excellence Ontario CAV Ecosystem Analysis | 22You can also read
