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2021 Sustainable Energy in
America Factbook
About EESI... NON-PROFIT NON-PARTISAN DIRECT ASSISTANCE SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES
...About EESI HILL BRIEFINGS CLIMATE CHANGE SOLUTIONS SOCIAL MEDIA (@EESIONLINE) FACT SHEETS
The 2021 Sustainable Energy in America Factbook is sponsored by:
Derek Sutherland Steve Anglin Timothy Held
CT Fusion WeSolar CSP Echogen Power Systems
Seattle, WA Princeton, NJ Akron, OH
Gina Wolf Karl Jantze
Enel Green Power HySonic https://www.cebn.org/
Lenexa, KS | Andover, MA West Lafayette, IN faces-behind-the-facts/
The 2021 Sustainable Energy in America Factbook EESI event Melina Bartels March 12, 2021
U.S. 2020 energy productivity rose, but
Americans suffered
U.S. GDP and primary energy consumption U.S. energy productivity
$ trillion of GDP / quadrillion BTU of energy Indexed to 1990 levels
0.22 2.2
0.20 2.0
GDP (indexed)
Energy productivity
0.18 1.8
0.16 1.6
0.14 1.4
Primary energy consumption
(indexed)
0.12 1.2
0.10 1.0
0.08 0.8
1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 '20 1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 '20
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, EIA, BloombergNEF Notes: Values for 2019 are projected, accounting for seasonality, based on latest monthly values from EIA (data available through
September 2020). 2020 GDP estimate is a projection from economists compiled at ECFC on the Bloomberg Terminal.
7 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Fossil fuel use dropped very sharply,
electricity demand also fell but by less
U.S. primary energy consumption, by fuel type U.S. electricity demand
Quadrillion BTU TWh of demand Growth rate 6%
105 4,000
Renewables 4%
(including hydro)
90
Natural gas 3,000 2%
75
60 0%
Nuclear
2,000
45
-2%
Petroleum
30
1,000
-4%
15 Coal
0 0 -6%
2000 '05 '10 '15 '20 2000 '05 '10 '15 '20
Demand Annual growth rate CAGR since 1990
Source: EIA, BloombergNEF Notes: “CAGR” on the right hand side graph is compound annual growth rate. Values for 2020 are pr ojected, accounting for seasonality, based on the latest
monthly values from EIA (data available through September 2020). BTU stands for British thermal units.
8 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Lower-carbon sources now
predominate in U.S. power
U.S. electricity generation, by fuel type
10% 13% 12% 13% 13% 13% 15% 17% 17% 17% 20%
Renewables
(including hydro)
24%
25% 28%
31% 28%
33%
34% 32% 35% Natural gas
39%
41%
20%
19%
19% 19% 19%
20% Nuclear
20% 20%
19%
20%
20%
45% 42% Coal
37% 39% 39%
33% 30% 30% 28%
23%
19%
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Source: EIA, BloombergNEF Note: Values for 2020 are projected, accounting for seasonality, based on latest monthly values from EIA (data available through Oc tober 2020)
9 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Renewables had a blockbuster year,
despite challenges
U.S. new renewable energy capacity build (GW)
33.8
GW
Hydro
16.5
22.9
21.0 Geothermal
18.4 19.0
18.2
16.4 Biomass / Waste
3.5 14.1 11.5
12.7
10.9 10.2 Solar
7.4
9.6
8.9
2.2 6.7 17.1 Wind
6.0 14.0
0.9 9.3
5.7 8.5 8.3 7.5 7.7
6.9
4.8 5.1
1.1
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020e
Source: BloombergNEF, EIA Notes: All values are shown in AC except solar, which is included as DC capacity. Numbers include utility-scale (>1MW) projects of all types, rooftop solar, and
small- and medium-sized wind. Includes installations or planned installations reported to the EIA through October 2020, as well as BloombergNEF projections .
10 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Substantial additional gas-fired power
plants are due online…
Combined cycle build
Open cycle build
GW SPP GW
20 Southwest 20
18 Southeast 18
16 PJM 16
14 Northwest 14
12 New York 12
10 10
New England
8 8
MISO
6 6
Florida
4 4
ERCOT
2 2
California
0 0
Alaska
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Source: EIA, BNEF
11 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.… and some will be paired with
hydrogen
Announced capacity of H2-ready projects, by U.S. projects’ H2 blending targets
country
Capacity (GW)
U.K. (1.2GW) NextEra, FL Some H2 expected
Netherlands (1.3GW)
8.9
U.S. (6.4GW)
8.0 8.0
Long Ridge, OH 20% 100%
6.8
6.0 LADWP, CA 30% 100%
Danskammer, NY 30% 100%
2.7
Balico, VA
0.5 0.5 EmberClear, OH
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
No state mandate State mandate Expected H2 blend
Source: BloombergNEF. Note: Left chart reflects announced and financed commercial projects. On right chart, Dashed = No annou nced hydrogen blend timeline. LADWP = Los Angeles
Department of Water and Power. Bars begin at expected commercial operation date. 30-year asset lifetime assumed. State mandate means there is a state-level clean energy target.
12 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Power emissions are down, at least for
now
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector Power emissions goals
MMtCO2e MMtCO2e
2,500 2,500
Power
2,000 2,000
Transportation
1,500 1,500
Industrial
1,000 1,000
Buildings
Agriculture
500 500
0 0
1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 2020 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source: BloombergNEF, EIA, EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2016 Notes: “Sinks” refer to forests and green areas which absorb carbon dioxide. Values for
2020 are projected, accounting for seasonality, based on monthly values from EIA available through September 2020 and BNEF pr ojections.
13 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Power emissions are down, at least for
now
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector Power emissions goals
MMtCO2e MMtCO2e
2,500 2,500
Pathway for Clean
Power Plan
Power
2,000 2,000
Transportation
1,500 1,500
Industrial
1,000 1,000
Buildings Pathway for
Biden proposed
target
Agriculture
500 500
0 0
1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 2020 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source: BloombergNEF, EIA, EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2016 Notes: “Sinks” refer to forests and green areas which absorb carbon dioxide. Values for
2020 are projected, accounting for seasonality, based on monthly values from EIA available through September 2020 and BNEF pr ojections.
14 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Bloomberg NEF (BloombergNEF) is a
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16 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Charles Hernick Vice President of Policy and Advocacy Citizens for Responsible Energy Solutions
Governments globally included de-
carbonization in stimulus packages
Global Covid-19 stimulus approved as of New U.S. green stimulus
January 2021
$ billion $ billion
ARPA-E
40
35 15.31
Nuclear
Approved
939 30
green stimulus
CCUS
25
Energy
20 3.83
efficiency
15.03
15 Energy
Approved storage
stimulus for
1,041 10
CO2-intensive Hydro
industries
5
Wind
0
0 400 800 1,200 Enhanced tax Considered Potential RD&D
Asia Oceania EU credits approved RD&D funding
Solar
Other Europe MENA North America funding
Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: Governments, media reports, BloombergNEF Note: ‘Approved green stimulus’ includes support to CO2-intensive sectors and companies with green conditions. Enhanced tax credit funding levels are based on U.S. Congress Joint
Committee on Taxation estimate of new spending for those functions during 2021-30 fiscal years. Excludes extension of excise tax credits relating to alternative fuels because this includes support for fossil fuels and green fuels.
18 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.In the U.S., this meant RD&D and tax
credits
Energy RD&D spending in U.S. stimulus bill U.S. energy tax credit enhancements, 2021-2030
($millions) ($millions)
Fusion Solar Investment
Tax Credit
ARPA-E Residential energy-
$800 $124 efficiency/biomass
Carbon capture $362 $276 fuel
$625
demonstration $395 Onshore wind
$910 $641 Production Tax
Advanced reactor Credit
$933 technology $700 17D commercial
$4,700 Solar buildings efficiency
$1,000 45Q carbon
Energy storage
$19.1 $1,695 $15.0 $7,020 capture use and
$1,000 storage
billion Large-scale carbon billion Homeowners
$1,500 $2,930 capture pilots energy efficiency
Waterpower
$3,814 ITC for offshore
$2,140 wind
$2,600 Carbon capture
demonstration Construction of
Carbon storage energy efficient
validation new homes
Waste energy
Wind recovery credit
Sources: BloombergNEF, U.S. Congress Joint Committee on Taxation
19 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Ben Evans Vice President, Public Affairs Alliance to Save Energy
U.S. 2020 energy productivity rose, but
Americans suffered
U.S. energy productivity U.S. GDP and primary energy consumption
$ trillion of GDP / quadrillion BTU of energy Indexed to 1990 levels
0.22
2.2
0.20 GDP (indexed)
Energy productivity 2.0
0.18
1.8
0.16
1.6
0.14 1.4
0.12 1.2
Primary energy consumption
0.10 1.0 (indexed)
0.08 0.8
1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 '20 1990 '95 2000 '05 '10 '15 '20
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, EIA, BloombergNEF Notes: Values for 2019 are projected, accounting for seasonality, based on latest monthly values from EIA (data available through
September 2020). 2020 GDP estimate is a projection from economists compiled at ECFC on the Bloomberg Terminal.
21 February 2021Bryn Baker Director, Policy Innovation Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance
Finance: Corporate sustainability
targets
Key players: corporate Key players: corporate Key players: corporate
clean energy procurement vehicle electrification energy efficiency
Retail
Financial &
Insurance
Tech
Food &
Beverage
● The Climate Group’s RE100 initiative, whose signatories pledge to offset 100% of their electricity consumption with renewables, had another
record year of growth in 2020. Some 65 new companies joined, bringing the total number of signatories to 285. The U.S. holds onto its title as
the most dominant market, with 79 (28%) of these companies. Technology (18) and Financials (18) are the most prominent sectors in the U.S.
● Through 2020, 123 companies have joined The Climate Group’s EP100 campaign, which is nearly double the 64 that had joined at the end of
2019. Signatories pledge to double their energy productivity by 2030, while also cutting energy waste and owning and operating energy-smart
buildings. Notable companies to join in 2020 include Lloyds Banking Group, Mitie and Derwent.
● The Climate Group’s EV100 campaign, under which companies make a public commitment to integrate electric vehicles (EV) into their fleet or
support EV charging infrastructure at their operations by 2030, is now up to 92 companies. Members such as DHL and EDF have already
made significant progress in electrifying their vehicle fleets, purchasing 22,300 and 3,600 EVs, respectively.
Source: BloombergNEF, The Climate Group, company announcements Note: Chart is a list of companies that have either joined a respective campaign or made other efforts in these sectors.
23 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Finance: Corporate procurement of
clean energy in the U.S.
Renewable capacity contracted by corporations, Largest corporate offtakers, 2020
by technology
Annual (GW) Cumulative (GW) MW Amazon 2,932 891
15 14 60
12 Verizon 721 290
12 48 General Motors 797
8 9 Facebook 592 170
9 36
Microsoft 650 Solar
10
6 24
4 AT&T 650
3 3
3 2 12 Google 312 100
1 1 6 Wind
4
1 2 2 3 2 Nucor 325
0 0
2009 11 13 15 17 19 Lowe's 325
Wind Solar Other Cumulative University of Pennsylvania 286
● Corporate power purchase agreements (PPAs) for clean energy totaled 11.9GW in 2020. This is down from 14.1GW in 2019, and is the first drop
in annual corporate PPA volumes since 2016. Covid-19 was the biggest factor in the drop – just 4.3GW of deals were announced in the first half
of the year as companies tightened budgets and shifted priorities internally in response to the pandemic. Some 7.6GW of deals were announced
in the second half of the year, signaling that companies will be better prepared to carry on sustainability initiative during any future disruptions.
● Solar has become the dominant clean energy technology sought by corporations. This is emblematic of a growing power markets expertise
among buyers, who are trying to capture peak power pricing, which solar tends to capture better than wind. Additionally, many wind projects in
popular markets like ERCOT and SPP have seen their revenues erode as more zero marginal cost clean energy is built, which depresses prices.
This has prompted companies to instead seek solar contracts in these markets.
● Amazon was by far the largest corporate buyer of clean energy in 2020, at 3.8GW. The company announced 21 individual clean energy PPAs in
the U.S., with most projects cited in Virginia and Ohio. Verizon (1GW) and General Motors (797MW) were the next largest buyers. A slew of first-
time buyers also entered the market in 2020, including Applied Materials, Henkel and Nucor.
Source: BloombergNEF Note: Charts show offsite PPAs only
24 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.Allison Hull
Director, Federal Government Affairs
Sempra EnergyFinance: Total new clean energy
transition investment
Global economy-wide investment, by country U.S. economy-wide investment, by sector
Korea
$ billion $ billion Hydrogen
100 96
600 Brazil
501 85
Spain 79 CCS
500 459
434 441 80
Netherlands 69
378 61
400 France Energy
330 53
297 60 49 storage
290 United
300 263 44
235 240 Kingdom 42
38
182 173
Japan 40 34 36 35 34 Electrified
200 143
transport
Germany 24
109
20 Electrified
100 61 United
9
States heat
Other
0 0 Renewable
2005 2010 2015 2020 China 2005 2010 2015 2020 energy
● Global energy transition investment hit $500 billion for the first time in 2020 – a 9% increase over 2019 – marking the largest growth since 2016-
2017.
● The U.S. accounted for $85 billion (or nearly 20% of this global investment), but decreased 11% below 2019. The nation continues to spend
the lion’s share of its energy transition capital on renewable energy (58% of total spend) while transport remained a strong growth area (a
42% investment increase in the last 5 years, relative to power’s 31%). Notably, the U.S. now invests roughly $100 million/year in hydrogen,
the vast majority of which is tied to fuel cell vehicle sales.
● U.S. renewable energy was not immune to the multi-sector investment dip in 2020. Last year, $12 billion less was invested in renewable
technologies (a 20% decrease) than in 2019. Solar and wind continued to pull the majority of the capital, accounting for 99% of all renewable
energy investment.
Source: BloombergNEF, “Energy Transition Investment Trends, 2021”
26 ©BloombergNEF L.P. 2021. Developed in partnership with the Business Council for Sustainable Energy.What did you think of the briefing?
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