A Case Study-Greater Noida - Building New Cities - Lessons from NCR - Urban Mobility India
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Building New Cities
A Case Study---- Greater Noida
Lessons from NCR
1
National Capital Region
• Conceived to disperse Delhi immigration
• Ghaziabad, Faridabad----city extensions
• Gurgaon/Manesar
• Noida
• Greater Noida ---- 1991
• The main states---- Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
2Two Models
• Haryana Model---- Broad Land Use Plan by
State: Private Developers develop land -----
Segmented Approach
• Uttar Pradesh Model----- State Agency
acquires land. Prepares a development
Master Plan---- Integrated View
3UP Cities
• Ghaziabad------ extension of old city
• Noida------ to relocate Delhi industries
• Greater Noida ------ founded in 1991-92
4Greater Noida
• Handful of new integrated cities
• Greater Noida Industrial Development
Authority:- Responsible for
Planning, Development, O&M
Regulation
Investment Promotion
• A One Stop Shop for the City
• Industrial Area Development Act 1976
5Proposed Urban Area
• Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾ Population : 3.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha
• Phase-2 (up to 2011)
¾ Population : 7.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha
• Phase-3 (up to 2021)
¾ Population : 12.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha
6Challenges…
Planning and Infrastructure Design
• How do we develop the City Infrastructure
• How do we decide the quality and standard of
facilities
¾ Planning for Abundance : Change of Mind Set
• Providing Housing and Water for all
• How to make the city a pleasant place to live in
¾ Providing Clean, Healthy, and Green
Environment
¾ Harmony of Urban Form and Landscaping
¾ Life Style compatible lay-outs
7Challenges…
Infrastructure development and its O&M
• How do we ensure development and
maintenance after city is populated ?
• Management of Urban Services on
commercial principles
• Providing for the controlled growth of
Informal sector
• Employment opportunities And Population
Explosion : counter magnets, satellite
towns…
• Security of citizens
8Challenges…
Governance Model
• Decentralisation and delegation of power
• Inclusion of stakeholders
• Shared Vision and Codified Systems
• Simplified Regulations and Uniform
Enforcement
• Manage Change: Acceptance of new vision
• Champions--- within and without
• Delegate, communicate, public ownership
• Political cohesion and accountability
9Challenges …
Funds
Persistent Cash-flow deficit as cities mature . . .
• Funding the Infrastructure Development and
maintenance of cities
¾ Revenue from tax collection goes to center
or states kitty
¾ Discretionary allocation of budget, at the
mercy of center or state who does not
control the problems that city is facing
¾ Nil or abysmally low revenue collection for
real municipal functions
10` URBAN SCENARIO
Positioning of Greater Noida • High Quality of infrastructure • Land of Plenty:- “Supply to Precede Demand” • A Green Lung of the region, marked difference in greenery and openness----a relief from the urban sprawl of the rest of the NCR • Landscaped/ Urban Design--Pleasant place to be and live in • Innovative Planning
VISION FOR THE CITY
• A MODERN, EFFICIENT CITY OF
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
• AN ECO-FRIENDLY RELAXED
ENVIRONMENT:-
• GREEN, LANDSCAPED, FLOWERS, FOUNTAINS,
AESTHETICS.
• LAND OF PLENTY: SUPPLY TO PRECEDE
DEMANDVISION FOR THE CITY
• HOLISTIC PLANNING TO COVER ALL
URBANISATION ISSUES.
• PARTICIPATION OF THE RURAL
POPULATION IN URBANISATION.
• A PRO-ACTIVE INVESTOR-FRIENDLY
FRAMEWORK.The Development Model
Provide Quality Infrastructure
(Physical and Social)
Attract Industries
Generate
Education Hub Employment
Leisure Destination
City Development
How did we approach. . . .Our Approach to Counter Challenges
… 3 Node Approach
Meticulous Concept Structure Plan
Planning / Land use Master Plan
Development Transportation Plan
Funds for Services Master Plan
Development 1 Phasing Plan
Funds for O&M Landscaping Plan
Development as per Plan
Innovative
Fund
Management
3 2 Governance Strategy
Simple Regulations
Transparency
Uniform EnforcementChallenges…
Drawbacks in Planning Process
• LACK OF CLARITY OF VISION: CONFLICTING CLAIMS
• VERY LITTLE EMPHASIS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF
PLAN
• DIVORCE OF PHYSICAL PLAN FROM FISCAL PLAN
• ABSENCE OF TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN
• NO ATTENTION TO
¾ LANDSCAPING
¾ URBAN DESIGN
¾ URBAN FORM
• TENDENCY TO LOSE SIGHT OF THE INDIVIDUAL
17Challenges …
Drawbacks in Existing Indian Cities
• DIRTY AND UNKEMPT
• INADEQUATE AND SUBSTANDARD SERVICES AND
FACILITIES
• POOR MAINTENANCE
• WEAK ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS
• INADEQUATE PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR WEAKER
SECTIONS
• AD HOC FIXES RATHER THAN LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
• SHORTAGE OF FUNDS
18Therefore, learning from our existing
cities………..
In Greater Noida, focus and emphasis
was given on controlled planning,
development, regulating unplanned
development and on efficient
maintenance of the city infrastructure,
all this from day oneEVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT STRUCTURE PLAN
Land Suitability Analysis • Proximity to linkages • Proximity to existing settlements • Ground water availability • Soil type and soil bearing capacity • Drainage pattern • Proximity to ecologically sensitive areas.
Superimposition by weightage method to identify • Areas most suitable and moderately suitable for urbanisation. • Ecologically sensitive areas not suitable for urban development. • Ground water re-charge areas not suitable for urban development. • Areas away from main approaches and should be taken up as last priority for urbanisation.
EXISTING AND PROPOSED
DRAFT MASTER PLAN NH 24 LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021
LEGEND
G
2021
.T
RESIDENTIAL ZONE R 130M WIDE ROAD
. R
COMMERCIAL ZONE C 105 M WIDE ROAD
O
AD
M WHOLESALE TRADE W 80M WIDE ROAD
INDUSTRIAL ZONE M 60M WIDE ROAD
M INSTITUTIONAL ZONE 45M WIDE ROAD
FROM NOIDA
M (i) INSTITUTIONAL RAILWAY LINE
P3 M R
C
(ii) REGIONEL LEVEL RI LRT
T R
RI C R INSTITUTION
P3 TUGLAQKABAD
RI (III) UTILITIES U BORAKI RAIL LINK
R
RI R
U
C C GREEN AREAS SEZ A1
R C U
P3 U RECREATIONAL GREEN P1 VILLAGE ABADI
P3 T
R
R C R INSTITUTIONAL GREENS P2 RIVER
R C U
R R NURSERY & HORTICULTURE P3 WATER BODIES
R R
R RESERVED FOREST P4 UPSIDC
C
KNOWLEDGE
PARK V
P1 R TRANSPORTATION
R BUS TERMINAL & T AGRICULTURAL
P3 C R
P3 R REALATED USE
C R
C
C R
U W
DSC ROAD ECHOTECH-III
(U.K.)
R
M M
M 218.73
T I.C.D.
P1 T
C
C R W WHOLESALE
U
C TRADE
P2
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PALI
P2 P4
AU
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P2
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(U.V.)
R C R
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M M J UN
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KNOWLEDGE R C R
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KNOWLEDGE C R
PARK I R A1 U
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KN P1 R
OW C P3
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PA EDG R R U
RK E P3 R
II R ABRA
A1
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U R C R
R M R
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R R R A1
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PROPOSED SOLID WASTE
AD
LAND FIL SITE
P4 RO
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THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN
THE 51ST BOARD MEETING HELD ON 08.11.04THE REVISION DONE
K AU
AN
WERE: (A) THE REVISED ALIGNMENT OF TAJ EXPRESSWAY; (B) CANTONMENT
AREA HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO INDUSTRIAL USE, INDUSTRIAL AREA ALONG
ALONG G.T. ROAD CONVERTED INTO AGRICULTURAL USE;
(C) INSTITUTIONAL AREA REVISED ALONG TAJ EXPRESSWAY. D SCALE:
NOTE 1: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED
5. CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ 1000 M 500 0M 1000 2000 3000 M
IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN 17.7.2001
THE 46TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON 25.03.03THE REVISION DONE
WERE: THE ALIGNMENT OF BY PASS ROAD FROM NH-24 TO DCS ROAD;
BY IDC
4. CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ
CHANGE IN SHAPE OF GAUTAM BUDHA UNIVERSITY AND 25.03.03
DRAFT MASTER PLAN
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ZOME ALONG TAJ EXPRESS WAY.
REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SAHGAL NIMISHA SHARMA MANISH LAL
GM (PLNG & ARCH) DGM (PLNG) S.E. (P) MANAGER (PLNG.)
3. LOCATION OF UNIVERSITY INDICATED IN THE MASTER PLAN
23.07.02
PLAN AS PER LANDUSE CHANGE PROPOSAL APPROVED
THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN RAKESH BAHADUR R.C.P. SINGH
2.
GREATER NOIDA - 2021
THE 43RD BOARD MEETING HELD ON 29.06.02.THE REVISION 29.06.02 C.C.E.O A.C.E.O
DONE WERE REALIGNMENT OF 130.0M WIDE ROAD,SHIFTING
OF AIRPORT AS PER FEASIBILITY REPORT,PROVISION OF
METRO RAIL AND THE PROPOSAL WAS APPROVED REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SEGHAL ASHU
THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN THE 40TH GM (PLNG & ARCH) DGM (PLNG) S.E. (P)
1. BOARD MEETING HELD ON 17.7.01,AND THE FOLLOWING
CHANGES WERE DONEi.e.SHIFTING OF AIRPORT,PROVISION LALIT SHRIVASTAVA SUDHIR GARG
OF INSTITUTIONAL GREEN,SHIFTING OF REGIONAL LVL. 17.07.01 C.E.O A.C.E.O
INSTIUTIONAL,PROVISION OF CANTONMENT REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SEGHAL NIMISHA
GM (PLNG & ARCH) SM (PLNG) MGR. (P)
RADHA CHAUHAN
S.NO. REVISIONS MADE IN THE PLAN DATE BRIJESH KUMAR
C.E.O D.C.E.OREGIONAL CONNECTIVIT
LEGEND
M ARIPAT DADR1 ROB
D A D R 1R A I L W A Y
STATION
TIL P A TTA B Y P A SS
IN LAN D CON T-
A IN ER DEPOT S.
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PROPOSED LOCATION OF AIRPORT
PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY
DANK AURAssessed and addressed the Transportation
Linkages as city perceived to be far from
Delhi…Distance reduced to 20 min
Distances are from Greater
• Regional Noida to respective places
Connectivity
¾ 6 lane Express way
¾ Link road to NH-24 25 Kms 75 Kms
¾ Rail Link to Delhi 25 Kms
¾ Taj Expressway
from Greater Noida 35 Kms
to Agra
¾ Delhi Metro project
on anvilR
PU
GHAZIABAD
HA
FROM DELHI
NH 2
TO
4
CONCEPT
NATIONAL/
REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS
PLAN
FRO
M DEL
HI
NOIDA M.P. ROAD
INDUSTRIAL AREA
CENTRAL SPINE
BACK BONE FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM
T
H
E
C
E
N
T
WHOLE SALE
R
TRADE
A
L
LHI
S
DSC ROAD
M DE I.C.D.
P
F RO
IN
E
DISTRICT
HEAD QUARTER
G
ECOLOGICAL .T
.R
RESOURCES O
N
AD
O
ID
RAILWAY
A
RECHARGE STATION
-G
RA
AREAS
R
IL
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TO
W
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AY
A
K LI
R
LIN
N O I D A
G
LI
N
IL A
O
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NE
RA H
ID
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SPECIAL
EX
ECONOMIC ZONE
PR
EXISTING
DEVELOPMENT
ES
S
W
BAD
DRA
A
IKAN
Y
GROUND WATER TO S
RECHARGE
AREAS
PROPOSED
AREA FOR
PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY
AIRPORT
STRONG REGIONAL LINKAGES
LINEAR CITY
GRID IRON PATTERN
CENTRAL SPINE
NATIONAL/REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ON PERIPHERY
INDUSTRIAL AREA LOCATED ON PERIPHERY
WELL DISTRUBUTED COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
INTER LINKED GREENS
ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
GROUND WATER RECHARGE AREAS
TO MATHURA
AGRA
SCALE :
1:50,000 CONCEPT PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021NH 24 EXISTING AND PROPOSED
LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021
MASTER
G
.T
LEGEND
.RO
RESIDENTIAL TRANSPORTAT ION
AD
COMMERCIAL 130M WIDE ROAD
INDUSTRIAL 105 M WIDE ROAD
FROM NOIDA INSTITUTIONAL 80M WIDE ROAD
60M WIDE ROAD
PLAN2021
UTILITIES
RAILWAY LINE
GREEN AREAS SPECIAL USES
GREEN AREAS WHOLESALE MANDI
RECREATIONAL GREEN INSTITUTIONAL -REG. LVL
INSTITUTIONAL GREENS VILLAGE ABADI
NURSERY & HORTICULTURE SEZ
RESERVED FOREST USE UNDEFINED
AGRICULTURAL PHASE -I-2001
PHASE -II-2011
DSC ROAD
I.C.D.
WHOLESALE
TRADE
NO
G
.T
ID
. RO
A
RA
AD
-G
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RE
W
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AY
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LIN
NO
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PR
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W
AY
AY
EXPRESSW
AD
RO
PROPOSED AD
AB
AREA FOR DR
AN
AIRPORT IK
D TAJ
-S
A UR
NK
DA
NOTE: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED
PRO PO SE
SCALE: IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
1000 M 500 0M 1000 2000 3000 M
17.7.2001
MASTER PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021
R EKHA T D EYWANI LEEN U SEGHAL N IMISHA
GM (PLN G & ARCH) SM (PLNG) MGR . (P)
BRIJESH KUMAR R ADH A C HAU HAN
C .E.O D .C .E.OSalient features of the Plan
o Adequate road and rail linkages for movement of
commuters and freight.
o Grid iron pattern of road network with economic
activities located on the major routes to support an
efficient Mass Transportation System.
o A 130.0 m. wide road has been planned as the
backbone of the linear city for connecting the
northern end to the southern part of the city and also
to Noida and Delhi.
o Regional level landuses located at the periphery of the
citySalient features of the Plan o Major work centers are well distributed throughout the city. o Industrial , Institutional areas planned on the periphery to cater to the region. o Industrial, Institutional areas are planned with all common facilities required within the area. o Residential areas planned with a heirarchy of community facilities and open spaces.
Road Network HEIRARCHY OF ROAD NETWORK o 130m. wide main arterial road ( Central Spine from North- west to South-East) o 105 m. wide the Meridian road. o 80 m. wide Promenade (S.K.Road) and road along kot escape. o 75 m. wide Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. o 60 m. wide sector peripheral roads. o 45 m. wide DSC Road(existing) road along railway line. o Typical cross section for roads designed for provision for NMVs, bus lanes, pedestrian facilities, space for all services
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR ARTERIAL &
SECTORAL ROADS
80m
4m 7m 7m 5m 4m 11m 4m 11m 4m 5m 7m 7m 4m
2.5% 4% 2.5% 0.25m 2.5% 2.5% 0.25m 2.5% 4% 2.5%
SPACE FOR SERVICE ROAD SPACE FOR UTILITIES FOOT PATH NMV LANE MV LANE MEDIAN MV LANE NMV LANE FOOT PATH SPACE FOR UTILITIES SERVICE ROAD SPACE FOR
GREENERY GREENERY
ELEC. TEL. TEL. ELEC.
DUCT DUCT DUCT DUCT
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 80m ROW ROAD
130m
0.3m 0.3m
1.2m
1.5m 3m 2m 3m 2m 2m 3m 10.5m 6.5m 5m 1m 11m 3.5m 19m 3.5m 1.2m 11m 1m 5m 6.5m 10.5m 3m 2m 2m 3m 2m 3m 1.5m
2.5% 4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 4% 2.5%
DRAIN
DRAIN
WATER/SEWER LINE
WATER/SEWER LINE
SPACE FOR TRUNK
SPACE FOR TRUNK
SPACE FOR TEL. &
SPACE FOR TEL. &
ENTR. CABLES
ENTR. CABLES
BERM
BERM
SPACE FOR PLANTATION
SPACE FOR PLANTATION
SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES
SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES
SPACE FOR CNG/LPG
SPACE FOR CNG/LPG
WALK SERVICE ROAD FOOT PATH NMV LANE MV LANE BUS LANE MEDIAN BUS LANE MV LANE NMV LANE FOOT PATH SERVICE ROAD WALK
WAY WAY
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 130m ROW ROAD WITH HCBS
DRAIN OF DRAIN OF
5mx5m 5mx5mAPPROACH TO PLANNING
INFORMAL SECTOR NEIGHBOUHOOD
BLOCK SECTOR
COMMUNITY CITY REGION
33Elements of City Planning
• Sector layouts critical in defining a city’s life
style.
• Parks and playgrounds---- Flowing Greens
--- 45% area under roads and open spaces.
• Daily Needs at Walking Distances
• Equitable norms for social infrastructure
defined for each sector; provided from the
34
beginning…Thought-through plan addressing the
likely problems of today's cities
• Informal Sector planned as an integral part of
the city
• Provision of Kiosks at Strategic Locations
• Convenient earmarked places for hawkers
• Weekly markets
• Sites for housing for informal sector: 5% of
residential area
• Urbanisation and Integration of Villages with
the city…… Smooth Flow of Traffic ¾ Roads built for almost full traffic from the start ¾ No direct access on arterial roads ¾ Design and maintenance norms specified ¾ Pedestrian/Cycle Movement Plan ¾ Liberal Parking Norms ¾ No parking in Road Right of Way ¾ Parking areas identified/developed ¾ Bus bays as part of road design ¾ Bus shelters
… Urban Design Plan
• Emphasis on City Aesthetics
¾ Manicured Landscapes.
¾ Solid Waste Management System.
¾ Well planned Street Furniture.
¾ Harmony of form and colour of buildings.
¾ Development of Focal Points.
The distinguishing characteristic of Greater
Noida…. Environmentally Sustainable …
The Landscaping Plan
• Key Features
¾ About 25% area reserved for Greenery
¾ Interlinked green spaces – continuous lung space
¾ Green belts along arterial roads to control
development, improve aesthetics and environment
¾ Introduced innovative concept of institutional
green areas
¾ Detailed tree plantation plan to ensure shade &
flowers round the year…… Pleasing Environment
• Ensuring Streetscape
¾ Detailed Signage Plan
¾ No hoardings permitted in the city
¾ Controlled Signages and Display Boards
¾ No-Bills / No Painting on walls - Heavy penalties
¾ Large Plot owners to install illuminated boards
¾ Provisioning for Public Conveniences
¾ Well laid out avenues…. Ensuring Urban Form
• Harmony of Urban Form
¾ Norms defined for ramps, design / height of
boundary walls, plantation, plinth height
¾ Predefined Colour Scheme for buildings on
main roads
¾ All services provided inside individual
premises at the time of initial development
¾ Building Lines Specified through detailed
Zonal PlanElements of City Planning
• City Level Infrastructure
• Land Use Plans/ Zoning regulations
• Sewerage and Solid Waste
• Environmental Impact– Water
Harvesting
• Institutions/Industries
• Soft Infrastructure
• Shelter for the poor
• Life style requirementsThe City
• A Human Enterprise
• A segment of land where people have
chosen to live and work
• Mosaic of activities and buildings
• Woven together by a network of
streets, transportation, utilities
• Held together by social bonds and
economic conditions
42Role of City Planning
• A City Plan has to arrange all these
elements properly as the city develops
• Not simply about the construction of
buildings and parking lots on isolated
parcels, and the physical infrastructure
• In the aggregate it is about something much
larger and significant to all citizens:
community building.
43Our Obsession was to make Greater
Noida a Modern, Composite and Efficient
City of International Standards• Challenge is just not in the visioning
and initial development of the city
• Maintenance is a continuous process
• To ensure sustainability of services,
byelaws, maintaining streetscape,
controlling informal sector
• Merely systems not sufficient:
…….THANK YOU
…. Land Use Plan
Not only developed but controlled
Its compliance
Total Urbanisable Area up to 2021 is 20,000 Ha
13%
25%
25%
6%
12%
19%
Residential Commercial
Institutional Industrial
Green Transportation…. Services Planned and ensured at
the stage of Master Plan
• Separate Services Master Plans
prepared
¾ Water Supply Network
¾ Transportation Planning
¾ Sewerage System
¾ Power Distribution Plan
¾ Convergence Network Plan
¾ Solid Waste Management Plan
¾ Landscaping Plan
Provisioning as per these Plans…. Well planned road network,
Can cater to even DMRC’s requirement
DADRI
• Key Features NOIDA
¾ 130 m ROW road as
ICD
GT
RO
AD
the backbone
(S
DE
H2
L
2)
HI
connecting the
northern end to
southern end UNIVERSITY
6L
AN
E
EX
¾ Hierarchy of Roads
PR
TO
E
CA
SS
LC
W
AY
(sector roads 60-
UT
AT
108m ROW)
¾ Slow moving traffic
only on service lane
of arterial roads…. Expansion plan to cater to increase in
population
Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾ Population : 3.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha
Phase-2 (up to 2011)
¾ Population : 7.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha
Phase-3 (up to 2021)
¾ Population : 12.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha
Phasing Criteria
“Supply” always ahead of the “Demand”Governance and Regulation
Model…… GNIDA’s Mandate • Greater Noida was Set-up in January 1991 under the UP Industrial Area Development Act 1976 • The Act mandates Planning, Development, Operations & Maintenance as well as Regulation functions • GNIDA as the Investment Promotion Agency
Lean Management Structure
• Lean Management & Operative Organisation
Structure
¾ Outsourcing of activities
¾ Following the Management contract route to
Operate and Maintain the services
¾ Computer based operative and implementation
systems…. Evolved the Concept Structure Plan
• Strong Regional Linkages
• Linear City, with Central Spine
• Grid Iron Pattern
• National / Regional Activities on periphery
• Industrial Areas located on Periphery
• Well distributed Commercial / Institutional
• Interlinked Greens
• Ecologically Sensitive Areas
• Ground Water Recharge Areas
54Guideline and Systems
• Minimal Regulation --- Strict Compliance
• Emphasis on ‘Envelope Concept’
¾ Periphery of building (Setback, Ground coverage,
FAR, Building height)
¾ Internal details are prerogative of Owners
• Well defined Bye-laws, guidelines & directions for
development
• Clear time frames for various clearances
• Certification of Plans by Architects
• Deemed CompletionSetting Performance Standards
• Quantitative standards defined for services
(Downtime, complaint response time, periodicity
& frequency of service, preventive maintenance)
¾ Power Supply
¾ Water Supply & Sewage Treatment
¾ Solid Waste Management
¾ Convergence Network
¾ Road Maintenance
¾ Security of public & private properties
• Strict penalties defined for violation of these
standards by operatorsTransparent Administration • Simplified regulations • Uniformity in enforcement • Exceptions only in very rare cases • System for land allotment and tendering well publicised. • Transparency
Enhanced Role for Community
Powers have been decentralized
and given to Neighbourhood
Management Councils, ensuring
compliance of laws relating to
planning and maintenance
of servicesPowers, Duties and Responsibilities
of NMCs
• Implementation of regulations, Bye-laws, guidelines,
directions
• Supervising and organising maintenance of all
services and amenities as arranged by Authority
• Educate and motivate the residents to follow ‘good
practices’
• Ensure that the appointed operators perform their
duties in the their neighbourhood, viz. Solid Waste
Management, Security Personnel(s), etc.
• Change in land use subject to NMC concurrence3 Fund(s) Management
Challenge of Managing Capex and
Revenue Expenditure
• Capital expenditure plan synchronized with the Master
Plan of the City
• Capital Budget and Profitability Analysis on long term
basis to ensure financial sustainability of the city
• Fix on Revenue Expenditure through management
contract policy to ensure better control
• Accounting Policy in place
¾ Achieved double entry system
¾ Policy on accrual basis, gives product-wise profitability
¾ Separate reserve funds for expansion and maintenance of
services provided forFinancial Management
ADEQUATE FINANCIAL PROVISIONING
FOR:-
--- CREATION OF ASSETS
--- SUBSEQUENT MAINTENANCEFinancial Provision for Creation
• Long term corporate plan prepared --- fund
created for future development
• Special funds created for future
development and city level projects and
facilities
• All costs loaded in pricing of land
63Provision for Maintenance
• Part provision made in the capital cost
• Specific items earmarked for each
fund
---- For landscaping
---- For urban services
64Funds Created for …
Urban services
1) Lease Rent
2) User Fees
3) Fees and Penalties
4) Interest from urban services fund
Greening and landscaping
1) Charges for special projects
2) Income from sale of green areas.
65Innovative ways to ensure sufficient
fund flows
• Enhancement of Revenue Base
¾ Differential pricing mechanism for commercial,
residential, industrial and institutional
¾ Loading cost of special projects on the basic sale
price, loaded upfront..
¾ User fee for maintenance of infrastructure and
landscaping, pay as you use concept (for water)
¾ Have built in enough reserve funds to manage
the major overhaul and rehabilitation of assetsPrivate Sector
An Equal Partner in City’s
DevelopmentPrivate Sector to be a Major Player in
Civic Services
• To avoid experience of other cities:-
¾ bloated staff
¾ poor services
• Mobilise Private Sector Finances
• More efficient services
• State of art technology…. Facilitated The Development Process
through private sector participation
• Substantial Private Sector Participation
¾ Private Power distribution since 1993 (NPCL)
¾ Convergence Network (Now Citi Cable)
¾ Solid Waste Management - waste collection,
segregation at source, transportation,
mechanical sweeping of main roads
¾ Residential Colonies and Group Housing
¾ Malls and Commercial Development
• Participation within the framework of the City
PlanExperience of the Privatisation Process
• Very Few Players for Civic Services
• Too risk averse: risk sharing vs. no risk
• Guarantees for 10-20 years required
• Emphasis on short-term benefits
¾ Disregard for quality of services
¾ Temptation to violate norms with
disastrous long-term effects
• Need to develop private sector as a good brand• Commitment needed of all the players,
public and private
• Private Sector Participants to be equally
conscious of maintaining norms
• Necessary to devise a system to act as a
continuous watchdog
• Concerned & informed public opinion
needs to bring its weight to ensure
continued adherence to the vision drafted for
the CITYGreater Noida: the first city in the wake of
Liberalization
Developed a Strategy different from the
traditional
Limited Funds (seed capital only Rs. 5.0 crores)
Financially Viable, High Quality,
Environmentally Sustainable Model
A Replicable Model
Successfully competes with other citiesMind Set and Attitude of
Paramount Importance
“Can Do” Approach
Plan and Provide Facilities
Build Structure and SystemsGlance at the Financial Summary……
Last Decade
• Started the operation with seed capital of only Rs 5
crores (revolving fund) from UP Govt
Sources of Funds (Rs. 1376 Cr.) Application of Funds (Rs. 1300 Cr.)
207100
68000
% 3%
%
565800
192200
%
%
958200
Cap. Receipts Loans Reserves Cap. Exp.
%
Loans / Debtors
Rev. Exp.
Capital Receipt: Sale realisation Capital Exp.: Land Acq, Development
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