A History of NATO - The First Fifty Years - Volume 1 Gustav Schmidt

A History of NATO -
The First Fifty Years
Volume 1
Edited by
                                      A 341770
Gustav Schmidt
Professor in International Politics
Ruhr-Universitdt Bochum
Germany

CONTENTS

                             Volume 1

Preface                                                          xiii
List of Tables                                                   xvii
List ofAbbreviations                                             xix
Notes on Contributors                                           xxiii

1     Fifty Years of NATO as History:                               1
      Perspectives on the Tasks Ahead
      Gustav Schmidt
2     Different Securities?                                       15
      NATO and the Transformation of the State
      Alan S. Milward

PART I:        NATO AND THE UNITED NATIONS

3     The United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty             29
      Organization
      Jack L. Granatstein
4     NATO and the UN: The Contemporary Relevance of the           39
      1949 North Atlantic Treaty
      Hall Gardner
5     From Operation "Maritime Monitor" to "AlliedForce":           57
      Reflections on Relations Between NATO and the United
      Nations in the 1990s
      Mats Berdal
6     The NA TO- United Nations Link: Canada and the Balkans,           71
      1991-95
      Norman Hillmer and Dean Oliver
7     It's not a Question of Muscle:                               85
      Cultural Interoperability for NATO
      Donna Winslow and Peer Everts
8     Sweden, the UNandNATO:                                     105
      Experiences from Former Yugoslavia
      Ann-Sofie Dahl

vi                            Contents

PART II:      NATO AND OUT-OF-AREA PROBLEMS

9    The United States and NA TO Out-Of-Area-Disputes:          123
     Does the Cold War Provide Precedents, or Merely Prologue?
     Douglas T. Stuart
10   NATO, Cold War and the End of Empire                      141
     John Kent
11   NATO and Africa 1949-89: An Overview                      153
     Christopher Coker
12   Explaining NA TO's Non-Policy on Out-Of-Area Issues         173
     During the Cold War
     Frode Liland

PART III:     NATO ENLARGEMENT: PAST AND PRESENT
13   NATO Enlargement: An Overview                             193
     Lawrence S. Kaplan
14   Germany, the United States and the Enlargement of the      207
     North Atlantic Alliance
     Karl-Heinz Kamp
15   NATO Enlargement: Who Gains? Who Loses?                    221
     Sean Kay
16   The Transformation of NATO and US Foreign Policy           235
     Svein Melby
17   Enlarging Eastward:                                       251
     NATO, the European Union and Political Conditionality
     Charles Pentland
18   Partnership for Peace's Influence as an Instrument of     269
     Continuity and Change in the Euro-Atlantic Region
     Burak Akcapar

PART IV:      ATLANTIC COMMUNITY: TRANSATLANTIC
              RELATIONSHIPS

19   The Political Economy of Transatlantic Relations:          289
     Forces of History and the Shadow of the Future
     Michael H. Smith
20   American Sanctions and Transatlantic Relations             305
     Peter Rudolf

Contents

21    Restructuring in the Aerospace Industry                     313
      and Transatlantic Rivalry in High-Technology Sectors
      Steven McGuire

Notes                                                             331
Select Bibliography                                               393
Index                                                             421

                               Volume 2

List of Tables                                                     ix
List ofAbbreviations                                               xi

PART V:         GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT:
                NATO AND THE EVOLUTION OF EC/EU
                INTEGRATION, SECURITY AND DEFENCE

1     Getting the Balance Right:                                    3
      NATO and the Evolution of EC/EU Integration,
      Security and Defence Policy
      Gustav Schmidt
2     Adapting NATO After the Cold War                             29
      Kori Schake
3     Sustaining the US Commitment to NATO                         43
      Robert P. Grant

PART VI:        EAST-WEST CONFLICT AND INTRA-
                WEST TENSIONS: MANAGING A
                DECREASING THREAT

4     Defense Versus Security?                                     65
      Reflections on the Past and Present of the "Future Tasks"
      of the Alliance (1949-99)
      Frederic Bozo

viii                             Contents

       The Winning Team and the Last Failure -                81
       American Preferences for NATO:
       Sign in 1949, Persist in 1989
       Jean-Yves Haine
       The US, NATO, and East-West Relations                  97
       Michael Brenner
       Conventional Arms Reduction in the New Europe         117
       Jane M. O. Sharp
       NATO and the German Question                          131
       Lothar Ruehl

PART VII:       NATO AND THE WARSAW TREATY
                ORGANISATION

9      Learning from the Enemy -                             157
       NATO as a Model for the Warsaw Pact
       Vojtech Mastny
10     Interpreting Soviet Military Behaviour                179
       Michael MccGwire
11     NATO in the Aftermath of the 1968 Invasion of         197
       Czechoslovakia
       John G. McGinn
12     NATO and the Warsaw Treaty Organisation               209
       at the Time of the Euromissile Crisis, 1975 to 1985
       Michael Ploetz

PART VIII:       COMMITMENTS TO NATO AND
                 DOMESTIC POLITICS

13     Commitments to NA TO and Domestic Politics             225
       Klaus Schwabe
14     Socialism and Atlanticism in Southern Europe          235
       Donald Sassoon
15     The Paradoxes of'National Independence':              251
       Domestic Constraints on French NATO Policy
       Anand Menon
16     The German Conception of Security: Competing Views    271
       Hermann-Josef Rupieper
17     The Role of NATO and the US Military Base             285
       in Icelandic Domestic Politics, 1949-99
       Valur Ingimundarson

Contents

PART IX:        THE PROMISE OF ALLIANCE:
                THE ORIGINS AND MEANINGS OF NATO

18    "Who Could Ask for Anything More?"                       305
      North American Perspectives on NATO's Origins
      John English
19    The Security Crisis of the Late 1940s                    321
      Charles G. Cogan
20    The Atlantic Congress of1959:                            341
      An Ambiguous Celebration of the Atlantic Community
      Valeri Aubourg

Notes                                                         359
Select Bibliography                                           443
Index                                                         471

                             Volume 3

List of Tables                                                  ix
List of Abbreviations                                           xi

PART X:         TECHNOLOGY, ARMS PRODUCTION,
                PROCUREMENT, AND EXPORTS

1     NATO's Defence Industrial Position:                         3
      On the Verge of American Hegemony?
      Trevor Taylor
2     NATO Procurement and the Revival of European Defense,     13
      1950-60
      Jacqueline McGlade
3     The Fly in the Ointment?                                  29
      Defence Production and Trade as an Element ofDivisiveness
      in the Post-Cold War Alliance
      David G. Haglund
4     France and the Rationalisation of the Defence Industry:    47
      National, European, or Transatlantic Strategy?
      Jolyon Howorth

Contents

5    The Reconciliation of Arms Co-operation with Exports            61
     Joachim-Rohde
6    Defence Industrial Globalisation -                              79
     'The Hidden Hand of Government'
     Keith Hayward

PART XI:      NATO AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS ISSUES

7    NATO and Nuclear Weapons -                                    101
     An Introduction to Some Historical and Current Issues
     Wolfgang Krieger
8    NATO Nuclear Strategy, 1949-90                                121
     Michael O. Wheeler
9    Intra-A lliance Conflict Related to Nuclear Weapons Politics:... 141
     The French Case (1957-63)
     Maurice Vaisse
10   Limiting American Nuclear Omnipotence in NATO:                 155
     The Canadian Method, 1951-68
     Sean M. Maloney

PART XII:     MILITARY STRATEGY, FORCES PLANNING,
              AND COMMAND AND PERFORMANCE
              CONTROL

11   Waiting for NA TO: Strategic Concepts and Force Structure .... 175
     Samuel F. Wells, Jr. and Alex Danchev
12   The McNamara Era                                             183
     Edward Drea
13   Post-Cold War NA TO Force Structure Planning                  197
     and the Vexatious Issue of Multinational Land Forces
     Thomas-Durell Young
14   The Road to NATO's New Strategic Concept                     219
     Klaus Wittmann

PART XIII:     NATO, THE NORTHERN FLANK,
               AND THE NEUTRALS

15   NATO, the Northern Flank, and the Neutrals                    241
     Olav Riste

Contents                               xi

16   The Strategic Importance of the High North during the          257
     Cold War
     RolfTamnes
17   The Dilemmas of Alliance:                                      275
     Denmark's Fifty Years with NATO
     Nikolaj Petersen
18   Sweden - Nato 's Neutral 'Ally'? A Post-Revisionist Account .... 295
     Mikael af Malmborg

PART XIV:      NATO AND THE SOUTHERN FLANK
19   Linchpin of the Southern Flank?                               317
     A General Survey of Italy in NATO, 1949-99
     Leopoldo Nuti and Maurizio Cremasco
20   The Evolving Strategic Significance of Turkey's                339
     Relationship with NATO
     Bruce Kuniholm
21   Greece and NATO: A Nettlesome Relationship                     359
     S. Victor Papacosma

Notes                                                              375
Select Bibliography                        •':                     451
Index                                                              479