Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Adaptation of prevention
                   strategies for First Nations in a
                      capacity building approach :
                                  A field experience
Shantala Langevin , S.W., Co-Executive Director, Yarha’, Training, Consulting Services and Psychosocial Interventions
             David Sioui, Co-Executive Director, Yarha’, Training, Consulting Services and Psychosocial Interventions
Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Who are we?

 Shantala Langevin, S.W., Co-Executive Director

 David Sioui, Co-Executive-Director

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Yarha’

Yarha’ is a First Nation company specialized in training and consulting services. We
offer a range of services tailored to non-profit, public and private organizations, who
work or wish to work for the collective well-being. This offer is geared towards
mission support and a flourishing future that meets the needs of the organization
and those it serves. To carry out our mission, our company is composed of a team of
passionate professionals who are happy to offer you quality services.

• Consulting : Trainings, development of action plans, programs, campaigns;
• Social Work Intervention Services : individual or collective intervention in
   addictions or other social realities;
• Searching for additional funding and projects writing : Québec, Canada or other
   funding sources.
 Website : www.yarha.ca

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Subjects

First Nations environment
  •   Cannabis consumption statistics among First Nations in Quebec
  •   First Nations statements regarding cannabis legalization

Knowing who we are working for
  •   Better understanding First Nations
  •   Becoming more aware of their realities
  •   Starting to consider the needs of First Nations

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Subjects

How we adapt our services
  •   Better understanding the needs of First Nations
  •   Understanding the differences and cultural traits
  •   Getting equipped to adapt services to the realities and needs of FN

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
First Nations environment

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
First Nations in Quebec

Source: Gouvernement du Québec, Secrétariat aux affaires autochtones   2019 North American Cannabis Summit   7
Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
Cannabis among First Nations -
Stats
 Cannabis is the psychoactive substance most commonly used by First Nations communities

 28% of individuals ages 12 years and up have used cannabis in the past year (15% of
  Québécois and 12% of Canadians, ages 15 years and up)

 40% to 50% of individuals ages 15 to 34 are reported to be using cannabis

 20% of individuals ages 12 to 14 are reported cannabis users

 35% of cannabis users are reported to be daily users

 Source: FNQLHSSC, First Nations Regional Health Survey – Phase 3, 2015, preliminary
  results. On line at: https://www.cssspnql.com/docs/default-source/default-document-
  library/fichesynthe-se_ers_cannabis_fra.pdf?sfvrsn=0

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
With regard to First Nations…

 Unique challenges, populations who are more affected and who are impacted differently

 Understand the effect of Québec laws on the lives of First Nations people, regardless of
  where they live

 Be involved in the process of legislation and permanent consultation arrangements involving
  First Nations governments

 Right to self-government in every aspect covered by the bill

 Fair and recurring share of the Cannabis Prevention and Research Fund, in a fund dedicated
  to the First Nations and managed by the First Nations
 Source: FNQLHSSC and AFNQL, Mémoires sur la légalisation du cannabis: un sujet qui nous
  concerne tous, 2017, 2018 (Memoirs on the legalization of cannabis: a subject that affects us all)

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Adaptation of prevention strategies for First Nations in a capacity building approach
With regard to First Nations…

We have and exercise full jurisdiction, as much on the subject of regulation as production and
distribution…

The health and safety of our people are the focus of our concern, especially in light of the fact, with
studies to prove this point, that cannabis users among First Nations people are twice the number of
other Canadians or Québec communities. For these reasons, a prevention and education strategy must
be implemented, so as to raise public awareness about the harms related to the use of cannabis and to
provide First Nations people with the latitude, the means and the support needed to implement this
strategy, with respect for their particular situations. (Translation from French text - G. Picard)

Source: Picard, G. (2018), First Nations want to exercise their rights over cannabis, Le Devoir, May 14,
2018: www.ledevoir.com/opinion/idees/527677

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Understanding our environment

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Understand First Nations History

Era of the Great Confederations
   ‒ The legend of Aataentsic - The first woman on Earth (Iroquois myth)
   ‒ Deganawida – The peace maker and the Great Law of Peace (between 1100 and 1500)
   ‒ Kondiaronk and the great peace treaty of Montreal
   ‒ 1812 - Tecumseh

 Western period
   ‒ After 1812 - Indian Act and Residential Schools
   ‒ Jules Sioui - Founder of the Committee for Indian Rights (1942)

 Period of the retaking of power
   ‒ 70’s - Red book
   ‒ 80’s - Article 35 of the Canadian Constitution
   ‒ Idle No more – Environment and aboriginal rights

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Summary of our thinking

•   We already had democracy, parliaments, laws, ways of managing the economy, the territory, agriculture
    and the environment, codes of conduct and spiritualities long before the arrival in the territory of the first
    Europeans;
•   Relations with Europeans began as Nation to Nation and will continue Nation to Nation;
•   Through all the ages, we have never ceased to fight for our Nations, our lands and our rights;
•   For the most part, we have never given up our lands, our autonomy or our sovereignty to anyone;
•   For the most part, we still remember today many of those teachings which were passed down to us by the
    Creator;
•   For us history is in the process of changing and readjusting;
•   Organizations, ministries and the politicians of the Canadian and Quebec governments must respect the
    political bodies which we have set up;
•   It is time to move on from decolonization and to the rediscovering of our knowledge, our history, our lands
    and our autonomy.

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Social impacts of colonization

 History, territories, knowledge, politics, laws, peace, …
 Historical context of expropriation, colonization, cultural
 genocide, desire for assimilation, …
 Loss of identity, break in the social bond of transmission both
 of culture and of trauma
 Social impacts, social concerns encountered
 Resilience, empowerment and self-determination

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Prevention among First Nations

 Add text here if needed.

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What we did

 We presented our content to a focus group :
  ‒ FNEC
  ‒ AFNQL
  ‒ FNQLHSSC
  ‒ Psychologist
  ‒ Former School Board Exec

 FNEC asked us to present to there directors

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Analysis from a social perspective - ecosystem-
based approach - Influencing the environment

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Cultural security - 1

 Concept which emerged in New Zealand in the 1980s
 Spread around the world and espoused by indigenous
 peoples in the context of services offered to them
 Possible when service providers display cultural sensitivity
 and competency

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Cultural security - 2

 And so, a result: a feeling of safety on the part of by the
 person receiving the culturally reassuring services
 Racism-free zone
 Service provider who has adequate knowledge about the
 culture and First Nations history to allow for empathy,
 respect, dignity

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Empowerment

 Restore the power of action among First Nations
 communities and individuals
 Support them to find their own solutions
 Provide tools and give them back the power to chose the
 solutions they want to address their issues
 Put them in action during trainings and support a continuous
 process

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Understand First Nations realities
and perceptions on cannabis

 A necessary element to give balance
 A time to acknowledge pain resulting of drug and alcohol
 abuse among First Nations

                         BALANCE

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Tools in prevention – HOW?

 Share information on cannabis and addictions
   ‒   General knowledge - effects
   ‒   Law of Effect (S-I-C)
   ‒   Further possible chronic effects
   ‒   Development of addictions
         • Pleasure
         • Avoiding pain
   ‒ Addiction cycle

 Socio-political context and new laws on cannabis in Canada and QC
 General tools to analyze their realities regarding the matter
 Prevention tools they can use and best practices adapted to their
 realities
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5 steps – preparing for prevention
1.   Mobilize / coordinate
2.   Define the problem
     •   Values, thoughts, requirements and needs
     •   Current status (who, what, how) - research
     •   Overall goal (appropriate prevention - ex. not preventing cannabis use but rather preventing cannabis
         abuse)
     •   Who is at risk? (Boys, girls, everyone, etc.)

3.   Analyze the problem
     ‒ Causes, risk factors, protective factors
     ‒ Prioritize

4.   Plan actions
     ‒ Operational objectives:
         •     Target population
         •     Type of change
         •     Time frame

5.   Carry out the plan!

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Good moves and findings

 Working with a First Nation organization specialized in
 education to adapt the content – First Nations education
 council (FNEC)

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Good moves and findings

 Adapting training format to communities

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Good moves and findings

 Creating a prevention committee that will follow the actions
 in the community
 Follow up with prevention comittees

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Shantala Langevin, S.W.
Title : Co-Executive Director
Company : Yarha’
Address : 1020, rue Bouvier, Suite 400
Province of Quebec, Canada, G2K 0K9
Email : slangevin@yarha.ca
Phone : 581-319-2329
Website : ww.yarha.ca
Bibliographic references

 Add text here if needed.

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References
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Videos

 "The Great Law" – Injunuity - https://youtu.be/L1V5VeRdMnI

 500 Nations, with Kevin Costner

 Documentaire Le peuple invisible de Richard Desjardins et Robert Monderie

 Série 8e feu, de Radio-Canada, disponible sur tou.tv

 Courts métrages du Wapikoni mobile via leur site web au: http://wapikoni.tv/

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