ALL ABOUT ROSES - THE ROSE INDUSTRY'S DILEMMA - Morrow County
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3/23/2021
ROSA ARCUS “RAINBOW ROSE”
ALL ABOUT ROSES
Amanda Bennett, Extension Educator
Ohio State University Extension
Miami County
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ROSE HISTORY
THE ROSE INDUSTRY’S
DILEMMA
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“A Rose By Any Other Name…” PROFILE OF MODERN GARDENER
• According to fossil record, the rose has been around 35 million years
• Symbol of love, romance, beauty, war, and politics Less space
• Used as confetti, for medicinal purposes, perfume, legal tender Less time
• Was declared America’s floral emblem by President Reagan in 1986 Wants color for small areas
Wants easy care plants
Using more mixed baskets,
containers, patio gardening
Heavy climatic disease
pressure
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TRADITIONAL ROSE GARDENS GRANDMAS AND ROSARIANS
• Mostly long-stemmed hybrid teas
• Very formal style
• For avid gardeners
• Used for cutting stems
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ALONG COMES KNOCK OUT
TYPES OF ROSES Changed rose
industry
Black spot resistant
Positioned as ever-
blooming perennial
Marketed to
landscape industry
Well-known, heavily
promoted by media
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TYPES OF ROSES: KNOCKOUTS TYPES OF ROSES: CLIMBING ROSE
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CLIMBING MINI ‘CANDY CANE’ AND CLIMBERS ‘FOURTH OF JULY’
‘RAINBOW’S END’
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TYPE OF ROSES: EVERBLOOMING TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS
CLIMBERS
Less vigorous
Slower grower
Heavy spring
flowers
MIGHT bloom in fall
Winter hardy,
disease resistant
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TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS COMBINATIONS: WITH CLEMATIS
Rosa ‘Open Arms’
Rosa ‘Phyllis Bide’
Photo credit : gardenia.net
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TYPES OF ROSES: HYBRID TEAS TYPES OF ROSES: POLYANTHA
‘Grumpy Rose’
Photo credit : heirloomroses.com
‘Lovely Fairy®’
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FLORIBUNDA – ‘ANGEL FACE’ AND FLORIBUNDA ‘Mardi Gras’
‘ICEBERG’
Photo credit : fineartamerica.com
Photo credit : gardenia.net
Photo credit : naturehills.com
Photo credit : vinlandvalleynursery.com
‘Angel Face’ ‘Iceberg’ Photo credit : styleroses.co.uk
‘Hot Cocoa’ ‘Tenacious’
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GRANDIFLORA GRANDIFLORA
‘Queen Elizabeth’
Photo credit : gardenia.net
Photo credit : homedecorrgardeningflowers.info
Photo credit : jparkers.co.uk
Photo credit : garden.org
‘Lagerfield’
‘FAME!’
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CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERS GRADES
Double
17‐25 petals
Photo credit : southernliving.com
Photo credit : rainforest2548.org
Single
4‐8 petals Photo credit: secure.caes.uga.edu
Semi‐double
9‐16 petals
Photo credit : gardeningknowhow.com
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PURCHASING GRAFTED VS OWN-ROOT ROSES
Photo credit: Lowes
Photo credit : almanac.com
Photo credit : freshgardenliving.com
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GRAFTED ROSES GROWING CONDITIONS
6<
morning
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PLANTING NOTES TRANSPLANTING ROSES
• During dormancy (Dec-Mar)
• Cut 1/3 canopy back
• Move as much of root ball as possible
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WATERING FERTILIZING
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PEST CONTROL BEGINS WITH YOU! DISEASE: BLACK SPOT
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DISEASE: CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT & RUST DISEASE: POWDERY MILDEW
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OTHERS… ROSE ROSETTE
Rose mosaic virus
Botrytis blight
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PESKY INSECTS PESKY INSECTS
Aphids
Cane borer
Leaf cutter bee
Japanese beetles
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OTHERS… Sawfly larvae BENEFICIALS
Rose midge
Thrip Spider mite
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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PRUNING AND DEADHEADING?
MAINTENANCE
• One is a trim, and one is a major cut
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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY
HOW DO I PROPERLY DEADHEAD?
ROSES?
GOOD – Do nothing. Modern roses are bred to rebloom.
Always prune roses in spring.
BETTER – Pop off old blooms or snip off the tops with
pruners. Good rule of thumb - wait until forsythia
BEST – Ideally, cut at a 45-degree angle ¼ -inch above a has started to bloom.
five-leaflet leaf.
Do not prune in the fall. In very windy
Don’t be afraid. You’re NOT going to hurt your roses. areas, just lightly prune the plant to
about two feet to prevent wind damage
during the winter.
Don’t worry about pruning perfectly.
Use your hedge clippers!
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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHAT’S AN OUTSIDE EYE?
ROSES?
Right above leaf
Remove 1/2 to 2/3 of the plant Will become next stem
Remove dead wood Encourages urn-shape
Take out any weak or crossing
branches
Cut off any root suckers
Prune to an outside eye
Photo credit: University of New Hampshire
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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY
ROSES? ROSES?
For hybrid teas, grandifloras, floribundas, and For repeat-flowering
minis: shrub roses:
• Prune hard in early spring (1/2 – 2/3 of plant • Leave for 2-3 years
height • Prune by 1/3 method
– Remove all dead canes, small weak canes – In spring remove 1/3
of oldest canes
– Leave 3-5 healthy stout canes spaced evenly
– Identify about 1/3 of
– Cut those back to 3-5 outward facing buds newest canes to keep
– Remove the
remaining canes
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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY
ROSES? ROSES?
Old Garden Roses Climbers – Early spring
• Once bloomers – AFTER flowering Ramblers – AFTER flowering
• Repeat flowerers – Before flowering
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HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE
WINTER? Option 1: Mounding Soil WINTER? Option 2: Wire Mesh Collar
Photo credit: University of
New Hampshire
Photo credit: University of
New Hampshire
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HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE
WINTER? Option 3: Burlap
Rose Breeding Program
Photo credit: University of
New Hampshire
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Commercial Rose Breeding Program
• Over 100 years old • Step 1: Set breeding objectives
• Only four full-time breedersl
• Step 2: Parental selection
• 3,000 plants of 300 varieties
– Possess unique characteristics for • Step 3: Hybridizing process (April-June, December)
disease resistance, fragrance, colors,
and habits • Step 4: Progeny selection (4-6 years)
• 100,000 crosses each year • Step 5: Global trialing (2 years)
• 400,000 hybrid seed produced • Step 6: Build-up and commercial introduction
• Exclusive proprietary database
with 40+ years of breeding
information
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STEP 1: Set Breeding Objectives STEP 2: Parental Selection
• Based on marketing requirements for next 10 years • Choose parents that will most likely yield progeny
– Marketing trends with desired objectives
– Consumer surveys • 300 varieties in J&P’s proprietary gene pool
– Analysis of sales data
– Ongoing goals
• Improved health
• Increased vigor
• Novelty
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STEP 3: Hybridizing Process STEP 4: Progeny Selection
• Conduct pollinations (April to June)
• 400,000 seedlings
• Harvest and clean seed (August to September)
• Stratify seed (70 to 90 days at 2˚C) • 2,000-2,500 selections
• Plant seed (December)
• Occurs February to June
• Selections are propagated
and increased for further
review in the field
• Each seedling is evaluated
at least 6 years before
Pollinating Harvesting seed Planting seed
selected for introduction
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STEP 5: International Trialing
United
States
Switzerland France
The Blue Rose
Japan England
New
Zealand J&P Spain
Australia Holland
Chile Germany
Italy
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Biosynthetic Pathway of Pigments
Flavonoid 3’- Flavonoid 3’, 5’-
hydroxylase hydroxylase
OH
Roses Are Red, Violets Are Blue
OH
OH OH
OH
HO O HO O
HO O OH
OH OH
OH
OH O OH O
OH O
OH OH
OH OH
Lavande Madam Violet
OH
+ + +
HO O HO O HO O OH
OH OH OH
OH OH OH
cyanidin Pelargonidin delphinidin
blue pigment
AOZORA (Blue Seiryu
sky) (Blue Dragon)
The pathway of roses
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WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE?
Roses for the Midwest
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WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE?
WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE?
• Represents 100+ years’ rose breeding experience
• Superior than non-patent counterparts
• Better bloom form
• Shorter bloom cycle
Mister Lincoln Veterans’ Honor
• Much better disease resistance Introduced in 1965 Introduced in 2000
Red HT Red HT
• Greater vigor and growth habit Light red color Velvety red color
60-day cycle 45-day cycle
• New colors and fragrances Blues as it ages Doesn’t blue
4-inch blooms Larger flower
Soft flower form Better form
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BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST
BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST EASY-TO-LOVE COLLECTION
Disease Resistant Collections
Cinco de Mayo Easy Does It Easy Going Easy on the Eyes
Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Shrub
Easy Spirit Easy to Please Julia Child Livin’ Easy
Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda
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WEEKS ROSES 2021
New From Weeks Roses
‘Golden Opportunity’ ‘Playful Happy Trails’
Climber Groundcover
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WEEKS ROSES 2021 WEEKS ROSES 2021
‘Silver Lining’
Floribunda
‘Fun in the Sun’
‘Pink Snowflakes’ Grandiflora
‘Ringo All-Star’
Shrub rose Shrub rose
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2019 New Roses
TO INFINITY AND BEYOND!
The Future of Rose Breeding
‘Perfume Factory’ Desdemona
Hybrid Tea variety David Austin English Rose
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Thornless Roses Compact Plants with Hybrid Tea Blooms
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New Colors Really Big Tree Roses
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Shade-Loving Roses
Drought Tolerant Roses
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Really Cold Hardy Roses New Fragrances
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ROSA ARCUS “RAINBOW ROSE”
ANY QUESTIONS?
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