Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O'Leary Aloysia triphylla Royle
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Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O’Leary Aloysia triphylla Royle VERBENACEAE Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, Rainer W. Bussmann, Javier Echeverría, and Carolina Romero Synonyms Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O’Leary: Acantholippia deserticola (Phil.) Moldenke, Acantholippia punensis Botta, nom. illeg., Lippia deserticola Phil., Lippia microphylla Phil., nom. illeg. Aloysia triphylla Royle: Aloysia citriodora Paláu; Aloysia sleumeri Moldenke; Aloysia triphylla (L’Hér.) Britton; Aloysia triphylla fo. serrulata Moldenke; Lippia citriodora Kunth; Verbena citrodora (Palau) Cav.; Zappania citrodora (Palau) Lam. N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: nyaroslava@yahoo.es R. W. Bussmann (*) Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia e-mail: rainer.bussmann@iliauni.edu.ge; rbussmann@gmail.com J. Echeverría Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago de Chile, Chile e-mail: javier.echeverriam@usach.cl C. Romero William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA e-mail: carolina.romero@mobot.org; romero.carito@gmail.com © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 1 N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, R. W. Bussmann (eds.), Ethnobotany of the Andes, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77093-2_18-2
2 N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana et al. Local Names Chile: Kore, Kori, Qore, Qori, Rikarika; Colombia: Cedrón, Cidrón, Saca ojo, Yerba luisa, Zorillo; Peru: Cedrón Botany and Ecology Aloysia deserticola: Very aromatic, branching shrub, 0.4–1 m tall, with divaricated branches, spinescent, hispid, glabrescent. Leaves opposite, sessile, peltate, squamiform, rough, yellowish-green, about 1.5 1.5–2 mm, trilobate, sub-thromboidal. Clusters terminal, contracted, sessile, globose or cylindrical, 12–15 mm. Bracts obovate to ovate, smaller than the chalice. Calyx 3–4.5 mm, densely hispid at base, subequal, brief, conspicuous, triangular teeth. White corolla, 4–6 mm, obovate lobes. Compressed obovoid fruit. 2300–3500 m above sea level (Macbride and Weberbauer 1936–1995) (Figs. 1 and 2). Aloysia triphylla: Shrubs 1–3 m tall, aromatic, stems glabrous at maturity, sub- pendulous. Leaves ternate, briefly petiolate, petioles 1–5 mm; blades elliptic, 2–8 1–2.5 cm, apex acute, base acute, margins entire or slightly serrate, blade adaxially scabrous, abaxially glabrate with subsessile glandular trichomes, midvein and pinnate venation conspicuous. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, lax, 1–5 cm, the terminal ones grouped as paniculiform inflorescences; flowers white, small; floral bracts reduced, ovate, 1–1.5 mm, scabrous. Flower with the calyx 2.5–3 mm, Fig. 1 Aloysia deserticola (Verbenaceae), Caspana, Chile. (Photo Lucas Burchard Señoret)
Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O’Leary . . . 3 Fig. 2 Aloysia deserticola (Verbenaceae), Caspana, Chile. (Photo Lucas Burchard Señoret) Fig. 3 Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae), garden, Chicani, Bolivia. (Photo R.W. Bussmann and N.Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) puberulous, with four brief teeth, unequal, triangular; corolla tube 5–6 mm, exter- nally puberulous. Fruits 2 1 mm, glabrous or pubescent at apex (Macbride and Weberbauer 1936–1995) (Figs. 3, 4, and 5).
4 N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana et al. Fig. 4 Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae), garden, Chicani, Bolivia. (Photo R.W. Bussmann and N.Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) Local Medicinal Uses Aloysia triphylla: Used in Colombia as infusion as digestive, antispasmodic, car- minative, for heart palpitations, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fainting, nervous sys- tem problems, as antidepressant, for headache, diuretic, antimalarial, expectorant, antibacterial, and analgesic. Some communities use the species to treat varicose veins, toothache, and hemorrhoids. In Andean culture, Aloysia is used to treat susto and similar conditions (Bussmann et al. 2018). The leaves prepared in infusion or decoction are used in traditional medicine to promote good digestion, as an invig- orating, against intestinal gases, and for the treatment of indigestion, nausea, and vomiting. The infusion or decoction of the leaves is also used as an antispasmodic, tranquilizer, nervous calming, sedative, expectorant, and for stomach disorders (Díaz 2003; Fonnegra-Gómez and Villa-Londoño 2011; Fonnegra Gómez et al. 2012; García Barriga 1975; Giraldo Quintero et al. 2015; Martínez Correa and Montes Martínez 2017; Ministerio de Protección Social 2008; Pérez Arbeláez 1996). In Peru, the plant has been used to remedy depression, nervous system problems, insomnia, stomach aches, and sharp body pain (Bussmann and Sharon 2006, 2007, 2015a, b). The species has antibacterial properties (Bussmann et al. 2008a, 2011a), and no toxicity has been reported (Bussmann et al. 2011b). Mostly applied in mixture with other plants (Bussmann et al. 2010a). Very often sold in markets and
Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O’Leary . . . 5 Fig. 5 Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae), garden, Chicani, Bolivia. (Photo R.W. Bussmann and N.Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) also planted in gardens (Bussmann et al. 2007, 2008b, 2009). Sometimes Aloysia is part of healthy beverages (emolientes) often used for breakfast (Bussmann et al. 2015). In Bolivia, similar uses have been reported (Bussmann et al. 2016; Paniagua Zambrana et al. 2017; Paniagua-Zambrana and Bussmann 2018; Quiroga et al. 2012). Local Food Uses Aloysia deserticola: Often used as tea in Chile (Peñaloza et al. 2013; Rodriguez et al. 2018; Villagrán and Castro 2003). Local Handicraft and Other Uses Aloysia deserticola: In Chile, it is planted as ornamental and sometimes used as insect repellent (Peñaloza et al. 2013; Rodriguez et al. 2018; Villagrán and Castro 2003). Aloysia triphylla: In Peru, it is also used in spiritual healing for bad air/mal aire (Bussmann et al. 2010b).
6 N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana et al. References Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Traditional plant use in northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006;2:47. Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Plants of the four winds – the magic and medicinal flora of Peru. Plantas de los cuatro vientos – La flora mágica y medicinal del Perú. Honolulu: Arogya; 2007. ISBN 978-0-9789962-3-9. Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Medicinal plants of the Andes and the Amazon – the magic and medicinal flora of northern Peru. St. Louis: William L. Brown Center, MBG; 2015a. ISBN 978-0-9960231-2-2. Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Plantas medicinales de los Andes y la Amazonía – La flora mágica y medicinal del Norte de Peru. St. Louis: William L. Brown Center, MBG; 2015b. ISBN 978-0- 9960231-3-9. Bussmann RW, Sharon D, Vandebroek I, Jones A, Revene Z. Health for sale: the medicinal plant markets in Trujillo and Chiclayo, northern Peru. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007;3:37. Bussmann RW, Sharon D, Perez F, Díaz D, Ford T, Rasheed T, Silva R. Antibacterial activity of northern-Peruvian medicinal plants – a low cost laboratory approach to assess biological activity. Arnaldoa. 2008a;15(1):127–48. Bussmann RW, Sharon D, Ly J. From garden to market? The cultivation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in Cajamarca, Peru and implications habitat conservation. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2008b;6:351–61. Bussmann RW, Sharon D, Garcia M. From Chamomile to Aspirin? Medicinal plant use among clients at Laboratorios Beal in Trujillo, Peru. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2009;7:399–407. Bussmann RW, Glenn A, Meyer K, Rothrock A, Townesmith A. Herbal mixtures in traditional medicine in northern Peru. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2010a;6:10. Bussmann RW, Sharon D, Glenn A. Healing the body, healing the soul. Traditional remedies for “magical” ailments, nervous system and psychosomatic disorders in northern Peru. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010b;4(9):580–629. Bussmann RW, Glenn A, Sharon D, Chait G, Díaz D, Pourmand K, Jonat B, Somogy S, Guardado G, Aguirre C, Meyer K, Rothrock A, Townesmith A. Antibacterial activity of northern Peruvian medicinal plants. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2011a;9:67–96. Bussmann RW, Malca G, Glenn A, Sharon D, Nilsen B, Parris B, Dubose D, Ruiz D, Saleda J, Martinez M, Carillo L, Walker K, Kuhlman A, Townesmith A. Toxicity of medicinal plants used in northern Peru. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011b;137:121–40. Bussmann RW, Paniagua-Zambrana NY, Castañeda Sifuentes RY, Prado Velazco YA, Mandujano J. Health in a pot – the ethnobotany of emolientes and emolienteros in Peru. Econ Bot. 2015;69:83–8. Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Moya Huanca LA, Hart RE. Changing markets – medic- inal plants in the markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;193:76–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.074. Bussmann RW, Paniagua-Zambrana NY, Romero C, Hart RE. Astonishing diversity – the medicinal plant markets of Bogotá, Colombia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018;14(1):43. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13002-018-0241-8. Díaz JA, editor. Informe Técnico. Caracterización del mercado colombiano de plantas medicinales y aromáticas. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Hum- boldt. Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial; 2003. 111 pp. Fonnegra Gómez R, Alzate Guarín F, Orozco Castañeda C, Vásquez Londoño C, Suárez Quirós J, García López V, Roldán Palacio F, Correa Silva A, Vasco Correa C. Medicina Tradicional en los Corregimientos de Medellín. Historias de vidas y plantas. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia – Alcaldía de Medellín; 2012. 305 pp. Fonnegra-Gómez R, Villa-Londoño J. Plantas medicinales usadas en algunas veredas de municipios del altiplano del oriente antioqueño, Colombia. Actual Biol. 2011;33(95):219–50.
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