Clean Fuels and Vehicles in Asia - GLYNDA BATHAN-BATERINA DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR - AIR QUALITY & MOBILITY
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Clean Fuels and Vehicles
in Asia
G LY N D A B AT H A N - B AT E R I N A
D E P U T Y E X E C U T I V E D I R E C TO R
1
Key achievements in Asia
Low sulfur diesel fuels
• China (10 ppm)
• Brunei, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam (50 ppm)
• Thailand possibly moving to ultra low sulfur fuels by 2023
(proposed for endorsement by Thailand’s National Environment Board chaired
by the Deputy Prime Minister)
• Indonesia (50 ppm, 300 ppm, and higher sulfur fuel types are available)
2
Sulfur levels in diesel (1)
YEAR
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Afghanistan 10000
Bangladesh 5000 2500 500
Bhutan 500 50 10
Brunei Darussalam*500 50
Cambodia* 2000 1500
China 5000 2000 350 50 10 10 (nationwide)
India 5000 2500 500 350 50 10
Indonesia 5000 3500 3000 2500 500 50
Japan 500 50 10
Kazakhstan* 500
Korea, Rep.* 1000 500 430 30 10
Kyrgyz Republic* 5000 500
Lao PDR* 2500
Nepal 10000 500 350 50 3
Sulfur levels in diesel (2)
YEAR
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Malaysia 5000 3000 3000 500 50
Mongolia* 5000
Myanmar* 2000
Pakistan 5000 500
Philippines 5000 2000 500 500 50
Singapore 3000 500 50 10
Sri Lanka 10000 5000 3000 500 350
Tajikistan* 5000 500
Turkmenistan* 5000 2000 100
Thailand 2500 500 350 50 10
Timor Leste 500
Uzbekistan* 5000 2000
Vietnam 10000 500 50 10
4
Key achievements in Asia
Stricter vehicle emission standards
• China 6/VI
• India Bharat Stage VI
• Indonesia Euro 4/IV
• Philippines Euro 4/IV
• Sri Lanka Euro 4
• Thailand Euro 4
• Vietnam Euro 4/IV
• Thailand Euro 6/VI (proposed for endorsement by Thailand’s National
Environment Board)
5Vehicle emission standards (1)
YEAR
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Afghanistan Euro 3 c
c
Bangladesh (nationwide) Euro 2 Euro 3
Brunei Darussalam Euro 4
Bhutan Euro 1 Euro 2
Cambodia Euro 1a
China (nationwide) China I China II China III China IVa China IV b China V ab China VI
India (nationwide) Bharat I Bharat II Bharat III Bharat IV Bharat VI
Indonesia Euro 2 Euro 4
Japan Euro 5 Euro 6
Kazakhstan Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5
Kyrgyzstan Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5
Laos Euro 2
Malaysiaa Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4c Euro 5
Euro
Malaysiab Euro 2 Euro 4 6
1Vehicle emission standards (2)
YEAR
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Mongolia MNS 5013:2009a MNS5014:2009b Euro 5
Nepal Euro 1 Euro 3
a b
Pakistan Euro 2 Euro 2
b
Philippines Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 4
a
Singapore Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 4 Euro 6
b
Singapore Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro 6
Euro 1 c
Sri Lanka Euro 2 Euro 4
South Korea Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 6b
South Koreaa Standards 1-4i
h
Thailand Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 6
Uzbekistan Euro 3 Euro 4
Vietnam Euro 2 Euro 4 Euro 5 7Opportunities for progressing clean fuels and
vehicles in Asia
• Global calls for action on air pollution and climate change
(UNEA, WHO, CCAC)
• Regional transport action plans (e.g., ASEAN Kuala Lumpur
Transport Strategic Plan 2016-2025, ASEAN Fuel Economy
Roadmap 2018-2025)
• “The approach for increasing transport sustainability will focus on formulating a
regional policy framework to support sustainable transport which includes low
carbon modes of transport, energy efficiency and user-friendly transport
initiatives, integration of transport and land use planning”
• “Initiate and support to the development and implementation of fuel economy
policies and standard as well as policies towards cleaner fuels and vehicles”
• Trend towards framing clean air action plans in cities as
opportunities for more local action on vehicles
• Increased awareness of the public from NGO campaigns and
initiatives and pro-active media coverage of air pollution episodes 8Issues and challenges in progressing clean fuels
and vehicles in Asia
• Still several countries in Asia needing to move to low sulfur fuels
• Ensuring there is no moving back from low sulfur fuel standards
(e.g., Philippines and inflation driving planned move from Euro 4 to Euro 2
compliant fuels)
• In-use vehicle emissions from ineffective vehicle I&M systems and
unregulated used vehicle imports
• Parameters other than sulfur levels (e.g., benzene limits, metals)
• Related efforts:
• Improving fuel economy
• Integrating electric mobility in transportation systems
910
Global Fuel Economy Initiative
Bangladesh Myanmar
Cambodia Philippines
Malaysia Southeast Asia
Source: Map adopted from GFEI Fuel Economy State of the World 2016 https://www.globalfueleconomy.org/data-and-research/publications/state-of-the-world-report-2016Electric Mobility
Integrating Electric 2&3 Wheelers into Existing Urban Transport
Modes in Developing and Transitional Countries: Philippines
Characterization of Facilitate Develop knowledge
Piloting and policy
development
Knowledge management,
outreach and replication
Baseline-setting
2- and 3-wheeler city/national management &
fleets working groups communications
Review of national Conduct relevant framework
electricity generation technical studies Electric mobility
Evaluation of local Fleets and policy global studies
manufacturing piloting Develop capacity-
potential Support policy building and training
Assessment of development tools
barriers Expert training ,
regional replication
workshopsTHANK YOU!
CLEAN AIR ASIA CLEAN AIR ASIA.ORG
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