Climate Change and Urban Policy Colombia March 25th, 2021 - Source
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Climate Change
and Urban Policy
Colombia
March 25th, 2021
Source: http://stories.nama-facility.org/colombia-greener-cities/2/
Content 1.- Problems to address in the NUP Process 2.- Legal and Policy Instruments for Urban Planning 3.- Climate Change Framework 4.- Current State of the Process 5.- Why Mainstreaming Climate Change into the NUP 6.- Climate Action – Urban Policy 7.- Multi Level Analysis 8.- The importance of planning instruments in the climate change management 9.- Adaptation and Mitigation Actions 10.- Initial Recommendations
Problems to address in the NUP Process
Pressure over Lack of Lack of
Poverty and Informal Urban
Environmental Pollution employment Connectivity and
Inequality Settlements Sprawl
Services opportunities Transport
Colombia ranks 40 With respect to In the last six years,
1.2 million households The informal urban
Very low performance in among the countries that housing and habitat, approximately 40
live in poor and labor rate is 56.6% and
24% of urban the use of water and emit the most GHG the housing deficit thousand personas have
overcrowding conditions in rural areas is 85.8%
households with consumes 2.8 more for the country has died as a consequence of
1.7 millions of urban
insufficient funds to buy times tan the average in reached 36.6% road accidents
households and 1.6 rural
the basic food basket, households lack of Latin America
vs 36% in rural zones housing or live in very
(2018) bad conditions
Disordered patterns
Particulate matter
have produced a Bike lanes represent only
The proportion of (PM10) was exceeded Cadastral records
Very low performance in decrease in the 15% of the new built
income poverty in the from permissible limits in outdated. 92,93%
the use of water and proportion of urban kilometers for public
dispersed rural Bogotá, Cali, Medellín of the municipalities
consumption of 2.8 more areas close to arterial urban transport
municipalities of and Santa Marta, as well with outdatd
times tan the average in roads - Decrease in the
Colombia is 2.3 times as the municipalities of information and
Latin America effective connection
higher than in the cities Ráquira and Yumbo 2.12% without any
between urban
and agglomerations (IDEAM, 2018) information
In Colombia more than peripheries and
50% of the growth of In the last 6 years metropolitan labor
cities in the last three Colombia lost forest an According to the Ministry 64% of cities have at markets.
decades is of informal equivalent of 926 of Mines and Energy, the least doubled the 48% of the population is
origin thousand of soccer fields building sector appears area occupied by disconnected from big
in third place with their built area since cities and their benefits
22.04% of the national 1990; and 28% of
the percentage of people
energy consumption cities have
classified in extreme
quadrupled their
poverty with respect to
Only 42.6% of urban areas of occupation
the total national
wastewater is treated
population was 8.5%
(+.6% 2015 -2016) Sources: Ciudades 4.0, PND 2018-2022), IDEAM 2017, 2018
Legal and Policy Instruments for Urban PLanning
Political Constitution (1991).- Establishes the structure of the
territorial entities: Department, Districts, Municipalities,
Indigenous Communities CONPES 3819 (2014).- System of Cities
Law 99 (1993).- Establishes the National Information
Environmental System (SINA) and the structure for the
environmental management in the country
Law 388 (1997).- Ley de Desarrollo Territorial
Set the principles and implementation mechanisms for the
national and territorial planning
CIUDADES 4.0 - NATIONAL URBAN POLICY (NUP)
Lay 617 (2000) .- Establishes differences according to the size of
the population and the annual current income of the
VISION SYSTEMIC – INTRA URBAN
municipalities. Although this categorization has been useful for
the control of operating expenses, it does not allow NATIONAL – SUSTAINABLE
SCALE
differentiating the characteristics of the level of development of BUILDING
the territorial entities CATEGORIZATION CENSUS 2020
Law 1454 (2011).- Ley de Ordenamiento Territorial ARMONIZATION DIFFERENT LEGAL INSTRUM.
Specify competencies to each level of government
APPROACH BOTTOM UP – TOP TO BOTTOM
Law 1551 (2012).- Establishes a categorization in line with the
INDICATORS STRENGTHENING OPERATION
Law 617, adding the economic component. Municipalities are
categorized in: large, intermediate, basic.
Legal and Policy Instruments for Urban PLanning
Political Constitution (1991).- Establishes the structure of the
territorial entities: Department, Districts, Municipalities,
CONPES 3819 (2014).- System of Cities
Indigenous Communities
Law 99 (1993).- Establishes the National Information
Environmental System (SINA) and the structure for the
environmental management in the country
Law 388 (1997).- Ley de Desarrollo Territorial
CIUDADES 4.0 - NATIONAL URBAN POLICY (NUP)
Set the principles and implementation mechanisms for the
national and territorial planning
UN-HABITAT
Lay 617 (2000) .- Establishes differences according to the size of Methodology
the population and the annual current income of the
municipalities. Although this categorization has been useful for
the control of operating expenses, it does not allow
differentiating the characteristics of the level of development of CAMBIO
the territorial entities CLIMÁTICO
Law 1454 (2011).- Ley de Ordenamiento Territorial
Specify competencies to each level of government
Law 1551 (2012).- Establishes a categorization in line with the
Law 617, adding the economic component. Municipalities are
categorized in: large, intermediate, basic.
Climate Change Framework
Source: BUR 2016
Current State of the Process
Ciudades 4.0
Concept Note
Urban Management Working tables with DNP
Sustainable Habitat
Urban Policy Review - OCDE Climate
Infraestructure for Productivity Change New Urban Policy
Urban Growth Climate Change - UNHABITAT
Innovation
2020 2021-II 2021-II-III
Why mainstreaming climate change into the NUP?
Geographic Distribution of Risk GHG emissions by Sector (2014)
The total estimated direct
GHG emissions for this year
were 236,973 Gigagrams of
CO2.
Estimated CO2 removals
were -22,659 Gigagrams
CO2eq, mostly by forest
lands. Consequently, net
emissions (net balance) for
2014 were 214,315 Gg of
CO2eq
Source: Third Communication
UNFCCC 2014
Source: Third Communication
UNFCCC 2014
• Climate Change represents high economic, social and cultural impacts for the country
• Colombia is highly vulnerable to climate change, through El Niño, La niña and other phenomena
• Forestry (36%), Agriculture (26%), Residential and Transport (14%), are the sectors that emit
higher concentrations of GHG. Residential sector- one of the most affected
• Impacts on human health, regional competitiveness…
Why mainstreaming climate change into the NUP?
LIMITING GLOBAL WARMING TO 1.5 TO 2.0C WILL
REQUIRE FAR REACHING TRANSITIONS IN CITIES IN THE According to its recent
COMING TWO DECADES NDC submission,
Colombia
will produce a
maximum of 169.44
million tons CO2 eq in
2030 (equivalent to a
51% reduction in
emissions)
2027 – 2030
Carbon Neutrality
Source: BUR, IDEAM 2015Why mainstreaming climate change into the NUP?
LIMITING GLOBAL WARMING TO 1.5 TO 2.0C WILL
REQUIRE FAR REACHING TRANSITIONS IN CITIES IN THE
COMING TWO DECADESClimate Action – Urban Policy
Climate Responsive National Urban Policy
• SISCLIMA
• Law 388 • INTERSECTORAL
• Law 1454 • SISCLIMA
COMMISSION FOR • Comisión Intersetctorial
Legislative instruments • CONPES 3819 CLIMATE CHANGE (CICC)
• CONPES 3919 Institutional Financial Mechanisms de Cambio Climático
(building code, land use • REGIONAL NODES FOR to channel domestic • Comité Transversal de
sustainable build. Mechanisms
regulation, urban and CLIMATE CHANGE climate finance to the Gestión Financiera
• Decret 1285 guidelines Interagency Coordination (NRCC)
regional planning local level • PIGCCS
for sustainable Mechanisms • REGIONAL
development law) construction • PIGCCT
AUTONOMOUS
• CONPES 3870 POT CORPORATIONS (CAR)
• NAMA Habitat • PIGCCS - PIGCCT
• NAMA Waste Mgmt
• Estrategia Nacional de
Financiamiento
Climático
• CONPES 3919 • National Urban National Level Sectoral • Estrategia Nacional de
CIUDADES 4.0 National Level Sectoral
National Level Sectoral
•
Policies & Strategies Policy Policies & Strategies Financiamiento ante
• CONPES 3604 MIB Riesgo de Desastres
Policies & Strategies • CONPES 3718 EP • CIUDADES 4.0
• Descentralization
• CONPES 3991 Urban mechanisms
Movility
• POT • Mercados de Carbono
• POT • Planes desarrollo • Asociaciones Publico
• Territorial Regional & Local Plans Municipales Regional & Local Plans Privadas
Regional & Local Plans development Plans Implementation • Planes Maestros Implementation • Recolección tributaria
Implementation • Planes Municipales Intermodales • Compensaciones
• Planes Gestión del • Planes Gestión del Ambientales
Riesgo RiesgoMultilevel Analysis
The importance of planning instruments in the climate change
management
HARMONIZATION
Source: DNP, MINAMBIENTE, IDEAM SNGRD, UNGRD. (2016) “Plan nacional de Adaptación al
Cambio Climático: Líneas de Acción Prioritarias para la adaptación al cambio climático en Colombia”
Law 1931 Guidelines for Climate Change Management
ART. 7 - Incorporate C.C. Management in POT Source: DNP, MINAMBIENTE, IDEAM SNGRD, UNGRD. (2016) “Plan nacional de Adaptación al
Cambio Climático: Líneas de Acción Prioritarias para la adaptación al cambio climático en Colombia”
ART. 10 - CAR – Integrate climate change strategies in POT
ART. 13 - Jan, 2020 - POT should incorporate C.C. criteria
Art. 14 - Climate Change management
Art. 19 - PIGCCT - POT
Diversity ok knowledgeNDC PIGCCS PNU
Mitigation
Mitigation in energy supply Mitigation in end use energy
and renewable energy efficiency Mitigation in transportation
INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SECTORAL CLIMATE CHANGE (PIGCCS)
Urban and
Sustainable
Territorial
Construction
Sustainable
Development CIUDADES 4.0
Reduction in energy
consumption in new houses
Reduction of GHG emissions
without including VIS
through the implementation of
low-carbon urban planning
criteria Reduction of energy
consumption of buildings
without including housing
UNHABITAT RECOMMENDATIONS Reduction of GHG emissions in
life cycles of buildings
• Support the development of local level
plans and strategies to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. • Encourage development patterns that are more
• Increasingly obtain energy from low- • More sustainable design and conducive to reduce emissions, including by
carbon and renewable sources. construction of new buildings, minimizing travel distances.
• Encourage research in the renewable and retrofitting of existing • Promote more sustainable modes of
sector and innovative solutions. buildings. transportation.Mitigation
Mitigation in land use, land Mitigation in solid waste and
use change and forestry & waste water
agriculture
INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SECTORAL CLIMATE CHANGE (PIGCCS)
Integral Integral Deforestation
Urban and Territorial
Management of Management of reduction and
Sustainable domest. wastewater control
Solid Waste
Development
Sources of protection for
Biological mechanical Biogas conduction, capture aqueducts through PSA,
EEP protection and reduction of treatment systems (TMB) and burning systems reforestation and
deforestation through specific restoration
criteria for land use Biogas conduction, capture
Recycling and composting Sources of protection for
and burning systems
aqueducts through PSA,
Reduction of GHG emissions in Systems for burning biogas Management Systems for reforestation, etc.
developments of informal origin in landfills the use of Biogas in in
WWTP Sources of protection for
NAMA Municipal Solid aqueducts through PSA,
Increased coverage of
Waste reforestation, etc.
domestic wastewater treat.
UNHABITAT RECOMMENDATIONS
• Make municipal management of solid waste and wastewater more Compensation in the increase
sustainable. of forest mass
• Initiate community- led waste segregation and collection. Aqueducts sewers and landfills
• Innovate waste-to-energy solutions.Adaptation
Local-level climate change Integrate disaster risk reduction
Research into the risks associated vulnerability assessments that with climate change adaptation.
with the impacts of climate change include an analysis of climate Promote the mapping of hazards,
resilience and adaptive capacity including climate related hazards
INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SECTORAL CLIMATE CHANGE (PIGCCS)
Risk management Reuse of treated Management of
CIUDADES 4.0 CIUDADES 4.0 for Adaptation wastewater supplying basins
Early warning Systems to Strategy for the
Strategy to increase
reduce hydro conservation and
climatological events
reuse of treated
protection of prioritary
provision of public services domestic wastewater
suply basins
Strengthening technical Strategy to increase
capacities – guidelines reuse of treated
domestic wastewater
Sustainable Drainage
Urban Systems (SUDS)
CIUDADES 4.0
Food security
Transport and logisticsAdaptation
Plan human settlements, regulate
Prioritize actions that reduce health Encourage regional planning, Promote the protection and
land use and provide critical
risks and build the resilience of including a strategy for coastal restoration of ecosystems and
infrastructure and services in a way
vulnerable and marginalized areas, to protect ecosystems and natural buffers. Promote nature-
that takes into account risks and
communities avoid ‘mal-adaptation’ based solutions
build resilience
INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SECTORAL CLIMATE CHANGE (PIGCCS)
Climate resilient
Human settlements Recovered areas Territorial Resilient Housing
less vulnerable Development
Definition of adaptation
Definition and legal and Definition of adaptation criteria applicable to new
Guidekines for adaptation in technical tools for guidelines to climate change buildings - cost-benefit
high mitigable risk zones Non-mitigable risk areas articulated with DRM - POT analysis
Technical support to
Awareness raising and outreach Technical support for Socialization criteria - new
territorial entities in the
strategies to introducie prioritization of adaptation buildings
implementation of legal
adaptation plans in high risk measures in POT
instruments
zones Design and construction of
Support in formulating and buildings with C.C. elements
Formulation of programs in implementing projects to reduce
prioritary municipalities vulnerability – local level
CIUDADES 4.0
UNHABITAT RECOMMENDATIONS • Make municipal management of solid waste and wastewater more
sustainable.
• Initiate community- led waste segregation and collection.
• Innovate waste-to-energy solutions.Principal Ecological Structure (EEP) – Cadastre – Risk Mapping
Initial recommendations
Actions Legal and Institutional
Considerations
Develop guidelines, handbooks and all the necessary material on time to strengthen local capacities for adaptation and mitigation Política Nacional de Ciencia e Innovación para
actions. Consider the creation of a Knowledge Management Institution that coordinates and facilitates continuous materials and l Desarrollo Sostenible (Libro Verde)
training
Continuous technical support will be necessary to incorporate climate change aspects in the Land Use Plans (POT) and all Law 1454, 2011; Law 152, 1994; Law 1962,
existintg planning instruments. 2019; CONPES 3870;
Develop more research and cooperation frameworks with research centers / New agreements to produce more data and Law 1931, 2018;
information to take better decisions Política Nacional de Ciencia e Innovación para
el Desarrollo Sostenible (Libro Verde)
Increase vulnerable assessment studies, identifying risks and adaptive capacities at the local, regional and national level Law 1523, 2012; Law 1931, 2018; Law 1444,
2011;
Although the water and sanitation sector has mainstreamed DRM in their adaptation strategies, it is still necessary to mainstream Law 1523, 2012; Law 1931, 2018; Law 1523 of
specific DRM actions in infraestructure for productivity, urban growth, transport, and urban management 2012Thank you! carolina.quiroz@un.org
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