CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PUNCTUATION RULES
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(6): 01-05, June 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-01
ISSN 2767-3278
©2021 Master Journals
Accepted 04thJune, 2021 & Published 09th June, 2021
CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PUNCTUATION RULES
Madinabonu Rakhmon qizi Najmiddinova
Student Faculty of Foreign Philology, Department of English philology National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirza
Ulugbek Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Shakhnoza Mukhamedjanovna Jalolova
Doctor of philosophy (PhD) of philological sciences, Associate professor National University of Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
This article provides a comparative view of the use of punctuation in English and Uzbek, and explores the
similarities and differences between them. There are also some ideas on how to use punctuation effectively
and correctly. However, given that punctuation is one of the most important aspects of written and spoken
speech, it is emphasized that their proper use will provide effective results not only for English linguists, but
also for translators and grammar experts.
KEYWORDS:- Comparative typology, contrastive linguistics, punctuation, the full stop, the comma, the
hyphen, the inverted commas, the semi-colon, the colon, parentheses.
languages are extinct and unique. This is
INTRODUCTION especially true with the grammar where rules
vary according to the root and family of a
Comparative Linguistics or Comparative language.
Grammar is a study of the relationships or
correspondences between two or more
languages and the techniques used to discover
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
whether the languages have a common ancestor. Comparative typology is a branch of linguistics
Comparative grammar was the most important comparing languages to establish their
branch of linguistics in the 19th century in similarities and differences. Its object is not
Europe. The study was originally stimulated by singular and individual cases of similarity and
the discovery by Sir William Jones in 1786 that difference, but those which are common for large
Sanskrit was related to Latin, Greek and German groups of language elements. Comparative
[1]. The need for further research in this field is typology classifies languages according to their
increasing day by day with the rising interest in structure [2]. Present-day Comparative
learning languages. Languages may share some Linguistics has been developing in compliance
common structures which will be easy to master with new modern research paradigms, under the
for the learner. However, some features in influence of which it has undergone radical
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN
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https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjpCURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(6): 01-05, June 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-01
ISSN 2767-3278
©2021 Master Journals
Accepted 04thJune, 2021 & Published 09th June, 2021
changes. understanding and correct reading, both
Comparative typology is a field of linguistics that silently and aloud, of handwritten and
studies and classifies languages according to printed texts”
their structural and functional features. Its aim is • The usage of punctuation is to help the
to describe and explain the common properties reader understand the message. In speech:
and the structural diversity of the world's stress, intonation and pauses present a
languages. According to William Croft’s book role of punctuation.
“Typology and Universals”, the term ‘‘typology’’ • A system specific to written language: a
is roughly synonymous with ‘‘taxonomy” pause in spoken language – not always a
classification and given the following definition: punctuation mark punctuation imposes a
From an etymological point of view, the word more rigid structure to writing.
typology consists of two Greek morphemes:
typos means “type” and logos means “science” [3, • There are 14 punctuation marks in English
P. 5]. grammar and, at minimum, one of them
has to appear in every sentence. However,
As it is known, it is almost impossible to imagine in Uzbek language there are 10
a paragraph without any periods or commas. In punctuation marks which are used in a
truth this kind of sentence would be almost great variety.
unreadable. Here is the proof why punctuation is
very important. Names of punctuation marks
• Definition of punctuation from Before looking at punctuation mark and defining
Encyclopedia Britannica “the use of their rule of usage we have to know about the
spacing, conventional signs, and certain names of punctuation marks.
typographical devices as aids to the
The Full Stop Nuqta
English
Uzbek
The Comma Vergul
The Capital letters –
The Hyphen Tire
The Question Mark So’roq belgisi
The Apostrophe –
Square brackets –
The Inverted Commas Qo’shtirnoq
The Semi-Colon Nuqta vergul
The Colon Ikki nuqta
Parentheses Qavs
The Exclamatory Mark Undov
The Slash or Oblique –
Ellipsis point Ko’p nuqta
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https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjpCURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(6): 01-05, June 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-01
ISSN 2767-3278
©2021 Master Journals
Accepted 04thJune, 2021 & Published 09th June, 2021
Capital letters and full stop ifodalangan.
In English capital letters are used to mark the Exclamation marks in English are used to
beginning of a sentence and full stops to mark indicate an exclamative clause or expression in
the end of a sentence. Capital letters are used at informal writing. When we want to emphasize
the beginning of proper nouns. Proper nouns something in informal writing, we sometimes use
include personal names (including titles before more than one exclamation mark: Listen! [4].
names), nationalities and languages, days of the In Uzbek exclamation mark is used as same as in
week and months of the year, public holidays as English: Bu yerning tabiati naqadar go’zal!
well as geographical places: They are performing Something which is different from English is that
Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony. some words expressing excuse, greeting,
In addition to closing sentences, full stops are agreement and others also come with
also used in initials for personal names: David A. exclamation marks: Ey! Hoy! Hop!
Johnston, Accountant. Full stops are also used Punctuation: commas (,)
after abbreviations, although this practice is
becoming less common: Dr. (doctor), etc. Commas in English are used to separate a list of
(etcetera) [4]. Although capital letters are used similar words or phrases: It’s important to write
for same purpose, they are not punctuation in clear, simple, accurate words.
mark. We do not normally use a comma before and at
Full stop in the Uzbek language is used at the end the end of a list of single words: They travelled
of sentence: Xalqimizning birligi, jipsligi bizning through Bulgaria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic
boyligimizdir. and Poland. American English does use a comma
in lists before: We took bread, cheese, and fruit
Especially, in the imperative, and in nominative with us. We use commas to separate words or
sentences if they are not expressing exclamation: phrases that mark where the voice would pause
Shunday harakat qilingki, birovga yuk bo’lmang, slightly: We had, in fact, lost all of our money.
balki hamroh bo’ling. Ilk bahor. Daraxtalar endi When main clauses are separated by and, or, but,
kurtak yoza boshlagan palla. we don’t normally use a comma if the clauses
Punctuation: question marks (?) and exclamation have the same subject: They were very friendly
marks (!) and invited us to their villa in Portugal (Same
Question marks in English are used to make clear subject). However, we sometimes use commas if
that what is said is a question. When we use a the clauses have different subjects: It was an
question mark, we do not use a full stop: Why do expensive hotel in the center of Stockholm, but
they make so many mistakes? [4]. we decided it was worth the money. When a
subordinate clause comes before the main clause,
In Uzbek question mark is used for more range we commonly use a comma to separate the
options: at the end of question sentences: clauses. However, we do not always do this in
Navoiyning tilshunoslikka oid qanday asarlari short sentences: If you get lost just phone us.
bor? After question pronouns: Ot kim? Nima? When we use subordinate or non-finite comment
Qayer? so’roqlariga javob bo’ladi and if there is clauses to give further details or more
misunderstanding sentence or word in the text information, we commonly use commas to
or in sentence, question mark is put with separate the clauses: To be honest, I thought they
parentheses: A.Qodiriyning “O’tkan kunlar” were very rude. We use commas to mark non-
qissasida (?) o’zbek xalqining yaqin o’tmishi
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https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjpCURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(6): 01-05, June 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-01
ISSN 2767-3278
©2021 Master Journals
Accepted 04thJune, 2021 & Published 09th June, 2021
defining clauses. Such clauses normally add We use semi-colons instead of full stops to
extra, non-essential information about the noun separate two main clauses. In such cases, the
or noun phrase: The ambulance, which arrived clauses are related in meaning but are separated
after just five minutes, took three people to the grammatically: Spanish is spoken throughout
hospital immediately [4]. South America; in Brazil the main language is
In Uzbek commas are used in same ways with Portuguese. Semi-colons are not commonly used
the exception of cohesive proposal sentences: in contemporary English. Full stops and commas
Ilm ham, ijod ham bahs bilan tirik. Examples for are more common [4].
other sentences where comma is used: Soy In Uzbek colons are used when a sentence is
bo’yida odamlar gavjum joyda, sayil boshlandi. finished structurally but by meaning it is still
Ey Navoiy, boda birla xurram et ko’ngling uyin. continuing: Ishlar vaqtida bajarilishi kerak:
Voy, namuncha ochilib ketibsan? vaqtida bajarilmagan ish sust bo’ladi. Other ways
Moreover, another difference is when we are of usage of colons are the same.
using reported speech in Uzbek language we use Semi-colons in Uzbek are used when two clauses
comma after the writers or speakers sentence: are related by meaning rather than
“Ko’ngil maxzanining qulfi til”- degan edi Hazrat grammatically: Yutib chiqish uchun ot chopqir,
Navoiy. zotdor bo’lishi va yaxshilab toblanib sovutilishi;
Punctuation: colons (:) and semi-colons (;) chavandoz usta, epchil bo’lishi kerak.
quotation marks (‘…’ or “…”), dashes (–) In Uzbek quotation marks are widely used in
Colons in English are used to introduce lists: reported speech, names of novels, names of
There are three main reasons for the success of magazines and newspapers, all given names to
the government: economic, social and political. places, plays, transports, idioms, names of group
We also use colons to indicate a subtitle or to of plants. Dashes are more common in informal
indicate a subdivision of a topic: Life in Provence: writing. They can be used in similar ways to
A Personal View. Also to introduce direct speech: commas or semi-colons. Both single and multiple
Then he said: ‘I really cannot help you in any dashes may be used: Our teacher – who often
way’. gets cross when we’re late – wasn’t cross at all.
No one could believe it!
Quotation marks in English are ‘…’ or “…”. In
direct speech, we enclose what is said within a In Uzbek there is only hyphen and it is used as
pair of single or double quotation marks, dashes and as hyphen: Kitob - eng yaqin
although single quotation marks are becoming do’stimiz.
more common. Direct speech begins with a Brackets
capital letter and can be preceded by a comma or In English there are three types of brackets: (…),
a colon: She said, “Where can we find a nice […] and {….}. However, in Uzbek only round
Indian restaurant?” or (She said: ‘Where can we brackets - parentheses (…) are used as a
find a nice Indian restaurant?’) We also use punctuation mark.
single quotation marks to draw attention to a
word. We can use quotation marks in this way
when we want to question the exact meaning of
CONCLUSION
the word: I am very disappointed by his apology. In conclusion, punctuation is essential, and is
I don’t think he meant it at all. used to convey and clarify the meaning of
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https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjpCURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(6): 01-05, June 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-06-01
ISSN 2767-3278
©2021 Master Journals
Accepted 04thJune, 2021 & Published 09th June, 2021
written language. It is such simple marks as the
full stop or the comma, and the more complex
ones of semicolons and hyphens. Getting
punctuation wrong can change the entire
meaning of a sentence. Therefore, in this article
almost all punctuation marks are described with
details to make aware people from mistakes they
may make while speaking, writing or translating.
REFERENCES
1. Encyclopedia of Britannica - Add new Web
site: Fact Monster - Society - Comparative
Linguistics.- Swati Chopra Nov 23, 2011.
Article added to new online database- The
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica July
20, 1998
https://www.britannica.com/science/com
parative-linguistics
2. Presentation by Aziza Musoeva. (2019
May) Comparative typology in English and
Uzbek languages. Samarkand State
Institute of Foreign Languages
https://www.researchgate.net/publication
/333324822_
3. Rasulova. M.I.,.Shukurova. Z.I -
Comparative typology of English, Uzbek
and Russian languages. (2017) Tashkent
(p 260)
4. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/gramma
r/british-grammar/punctuation-
Cambridge dictionary
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