Growth of Indian Railways - Presented by: Akash Chetram Meena Gopal Kumar Mishra Oishik

Growth of Indian Railways

               Presented by:
               Akash
               Chetram Meena
               Gopal Kumar Mishra
               Oishik

About Indian Railways
† Indian Railways, abbreviated as IR, is a
  Department of the Government of India, under
  the Ministry of Railways and is tasked with
  operating the rail network in India. The Ministry
  is headed by a cabinet rank Railways Minister,
  whereas, the department is managed by Railway
  Board
† Indian Railways has a total state monopoly on
  India's rail transport
† It is one of the largest and busiest rail networks
  in the world, transporting fourteen million
  passengers and more than one million tonnes of
  freight daily

About Indian Railways-Contd.
† IR is the world's largest commercial or utility
  employer, with more than 1.6 million
  employees, and is second only in total terms to
  the Chinese Army
† The railways traverse through the length and
  width of the country; the routes cover a total
  length of 63,140 km (39,233 miles)
† As of 2002, IR owned a total of 216,717
  wagons, 39,263 coaches and 7,739
  locomotives and ran a total of 14,444 trains
  daily, including about 8,702 passenger trains
  covering 6,856 number of stations daily

About Indian Railways-Contd.
† India is a land of diverse culture and Indian
  Railways play a key role in not only meeting the
  transport needs of the country, but also in
  binding together dispersed areas and promoting
  national integration
† Research, Designs and Standards Organisation
  (RDSO) is the sole research and development
  wing of Indian Railways, functioning as the
  technical adviser and consultant to the Ministry,
  Zonal Railways and Production Units

Birth of Railways in India

‰ A plan for a rail system in India was first put
  forward in 1832, but no further steps were taken
  for more than a decade

† In 1844, the Governor-General of India Lord
  Hardinge allowed private entrepreneurs to set up
  a rail system in India

† The first train in India became operational on
  22Dec,1851 and was used for the hauling of
  construction material in Roorkee

Birth of Railways in India-Contd.
† On 16Apr,1853, the first passenger train service
  was inaugurated between Bori Bunder, Bombay
  and Thana, covering a distance of 34 km (21
  miles) at 3.30pm. It was hauled by three
  locomotives, Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. This was
  the formal birth of railways in India

                            Fig: India’s First Passenger
                            Train running between
                            Bombay and Thana on
                            16Apr,1853.

Pre-Independence History
† The British government encouraged new railway
  companies backed by private investors under a
  scheme that would guarantee an annual return of
  five percent during the initial years of operation.
  Once established, the company would be
  transferred to the government, with the original
  company retaining operational control

† The route mileage of this network was about
  14,500 km (9,000 miles) by 1880, mostly
  radiating inward from the three major port cities
  of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta

† By 1895, India had started building its own
  locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and
  locomotives to help build the Uganda Railway

† In 1907, almost all the rail companies were taken
  over by the government

† With the arrival of the First World War, the
  railways were used to meet the needs of the
  British outside India

† By the end of the First World War, the railways
  had suffered immensely and were in a poor state

† The government took over the management of
  the Railways and removed the link between the
  financing of the Railways and other governmental
  revenues in 1920, a practice that continues to
  date with a separate Railway Budget

Formation of Indian Railways
† At the time of independence in 1947, a large
  portion of the railways went to the then newly
  formed Pakistan
† A total of forty-two separate railway systems,
  including thirty-two lines owned by the former
  Indian princely states, were amalgamated as a
  single unit which was christened as the Indian
  Railways
† The existing rail networks were abandoned in
  favour of zones in 1951
† A total of six zones came into being in 1952

Growth of Indian Railways
Growth of Assets
Route Kilometers
‰ The Indian Railways has three gauges: broad
  gauge (1.676 meter), meters gauge (1 metre)
  and narrow gauge (0.762 and 0.610 metre).
‰ In 1950-51, the combined route kilometres of
  these gauges were 53,597.
‰ In 1995-96 the route length rose to 62,915 km
  showing a total increase of 9,336 m which
  represents an increase of 17.42 per cent and an
  average annual increase of 0.38 percent
‰ In 2006-07, Railways propose to complete over
  550 kms of New Lines

Electrified route kilometers
‰ Electrification in the IR started in 1925, but
   remained confined mostly to suburban traffic
‰ Till 1955-56, the electrified route kilometers was
   just 388 which increased to 748 by 1960-61,
   registering an increase of 92.7 percent at an
   average growth of 18.5 per cent per year. The
   average annual growth rate till 1995-96 was 388.
‰ The electrified route length was 0.72 per cent of
   the total route length in 1950-51 which went up
   to 19.5 per cent in 1995-96
† Against the Tenth Five Year Plan target of 1800
   route kms of electrification, 1280 kms have been
   completed and by the end of the coming year the
   set target will be achieved

Gauge-wise breakup of total route kilometers
† Out of the three gauges, the broad gauge
  predominates with 25,292 km. It constituted
  47.13 percent of the total route kms in 1951
† Over the years, it has been increasing and in
  1996 it was 40,620 km, (25,556 km single line
  and 15,064 km double/multiple line) forming
  64.5 per cent of the total route km of 62,915
† With a route length of 24,185 km, the metre
  gauge accounted from 45.12 per cent of the total
  route km in 1950-51. It increased to 25,865 km
  in 1970-71.

† Thereafter, mainly due to conversion of metre
  gauge routes to broad gauge routes, it declined
  to 18,501 km (18,408 km single line and 93 km
  double/multiple line) in 1995-96 and constituted
  29.4 per cent of the total route kms
Gauge conversion
† The conversion of metre and narrow gauges into
  broad gauge has been an ongoing programme
† However, in 1970-71, it was decided not to
  construct any more metre and narrow gauge
† It was also decided to convert the railway lines of
  these gauges into broad gauge so as to have a
  uniform broad gauge in the country

† During the year 2006-07, a target of completion
  of over 1100 kms of gauge conversion has been
  fixed
Railway stations
† In 1950-55, the number of railway stations in the
  country was 5,976 which gradually rose to 7,068
  in 1995-96

Locomotives
Steam locomotives
† In 1950-51 there were 8,120 steam locomotives
   which gradually increased to 10,810 in 1963-64
† Since it was decided to phase out the steam
   locos, their number started declining from 1964
   onwards
† In 1995-96, the Indian Railways had only 209
   steam locos in operation

Diesel locomotives
† The number of diesel locos in 1950-51/1951-52
   was 17 which went up to 28, and finally 45 at the
   end of the First Plan
† Since then the number has been continuously
   rising and increased to 1,069 during the first
   year of the Fourth Plan
† With rapid phasing out of steam locos, the
   number of diesel locos rose to 4,313 in 1995-96
† It is proposed to increase the production of diesel
   locomotives by 5% in 2007-08

Electric locomotives
† In 1950-51, the number of electric locos was 72
   and these wee mostly employed on suburban
   traffic routes
† This number reached the four-figure mark in
   1980-81 and finally shot to 2,387 in 1995-96
† It is proposed to increase number of electric
   locomotives by 17% in 2007-08

Coach Stock
Passenger Coaches
† In 1950-51, the number of passenger coaches
  was 13,022 which increased to 29,734 in 1995-
  96
† Railways run more than 2500 ordinary passenger
  trains everyday
Wagons
† The number of wagons in the railways has been
  varying from time to time due to replacements or
  repairs In 1950-51, their number was 2,05,596
  and in 1995-96 it was 2,80,791
† High capacity wagons are being designed of
  capacity 70 and 80 tonnes.

EMU coaches
† In 1950-51, the number of EMU coaches was just
  460. With the rising demand of suburban traffic
  their number has been increasing steadily and it
  was at 3,692 in 1995-96
Manpower
† Indian Railways had a regular staff of 9.14 lakh
  in 1950-51 which increased to 16.54 lakh in
  1991-92. Thereafter, the number declined to
  15.86 lakh in the year 1995-96 and currently it is
  14 lakh in 2006-07
† In 1995-96, the number of daily wage worker
  was nearly 57,000

† In 1950-51, the average yearly wage per
  employee was Rs 1,263 which increased to Rs
  59,219 in 1995-96
† The Indian Railways has 19 recruitment boards in
  the country
† Its training units are: Railway Staff College,
  Vadodara; Indian Railway Institute of Civil
  Engineering, Pune; Indian Railway Institute of
  Signal Engineering and Telecommunications,
  Secundarabad; Indian Railway Institute of
  Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur
  and Indian Railway Institute of Electric
  Engineering, Nasik

Growth of Traffic
Freight traffic
† In 1950-51, the freight traffic on railways was 93
   million tonnes originating, of which the revenue-
   earning traffic was 73.2 million tonnes originating

† Since then, both the total traffic and the
  revenue-earning traffic have been showing an
  upward trend though not consistently and have
  increased to 405.5 and 390.7 million tonnes
  originating respectively in 1995-96 with an
  annual average growth rate of 5.38 and 6.39 per
  cent respectively

† In the current year, IR is fast moving towards
  establishing a new record of loading 668 million
  tonnes, with a historic growth of 11%
† This record breaking performance has been
  possible through reduction in wagon turn round
  time and through additional loading of 4 to 8
  tonnes per wagon.
† This has enabled an increase of 100 mt in loading
  capacity and generation of over Rs.5,000 cr in
  freight revenues.

Passenger traffic (suburban)
† At the beginning of the First Five-Year Plan,
  suburban passenger traffic on the Indian
  Railways was 412 million passengers originating.
† The suburban traffic over the yeas rose steadily
  and reached the figure of 2,430 and 2,484
  million passengers in 1994-95 and 1995-96
  respectively; the annual rate of increase in 1995-
  96 was 2.2 per cent over the figure for 1994-95
† About 1.60 cr passengers travel on Indian
  Railways everyday

Passenger traffic (non-suburban)
† From 1951-52 to 1953-54, the non-suburban
  passenger traffic witnessed a decline from 872 to
  753 million passengers originating with an
  average decline of 3.69 per cent annually
† The traffic resumed upward movement during
  the first two years of the Sixth Plan with an
  annual growth rate of 0.68 and 1.67 percent
† Incidentally, the 1,640 million passengers
  originating in 1981-83 was the highest ever.
  Since then, the number has witnessed wide
  fluctuations, declining by 8.30 per cent in 1983-
  84 and further by 2.8 per cent in 1984-85. Traffic
  increased by 6.9 per cent in 1985-86, and
  reached 1,485 million in 1994-95. It rose to
  1,533 million passengers originating in 1995-96

Freight Traffic trends and analysis
† Freight traffic carried in Financial Year 1997-98
  was 430 million tons, which was 5.5 % up over
  the previous year
† In the first nine months of the year 2005-2006
  the growth in freight loading was 10% and in
  freight revenues it was over 18%
† The freight loading target is being increased from
  635 mt to 668 mt and the goods revenues target
  from Rs. 33,480 cr to Rs. 36,490 cr.

† Thus, Railways would achieve incremental freight
  loading of 111 mt in two years itself, which will
  be 133% higher as compared to the incremental
  loading of 83 mt of entire Ninth Five Year Plan
  period
† Tenth Plan targets of 624 mt loading and 396
  billion tonne kilometers have been surpassed one
  year in advance

† With reference to the Fig. we can say that the
  Indian Railways freight traffic volumes have
  increased over the years but the railway’s share
  of the total freight movement has reduced
  drastically
† Railways freight traffic has come down from 89%
  in 1951 to 40% in 1995 with respect to the total
  freight traffic as can be seen in Fig.
† The main reason for this can be attributed to the
  fact that road sector has experienced booming
  growth, fast mode of transportation for short

distances, can go for Door to Door Services and
  has been gradually eating out the rail freight
  traffic
† In the first nine months of the year 2005-06
  the growth in freight loading was 10% and in
  freight revenues it was over 18%.
† Based on the trends up to now, the freight
  loading target is being increased from 635 mt
  to 668 mt and the goods revenues target from
  Rs. 33,480 cr to Rs. 36,490 cr.

IR’s Earnings & Expenses
† According to Revised Estimates, Passenger
  Earnings, Other Coaching earnings and Sundry
  Other earnings are likely to register growths of
  7%, 19% and 56%, respectively
† Gross Traffic Revenues are expected to be
  Rs.54,600 cr, which are higher as compared to
  the previous year and Budget Estimates of the
  current year by 16 % and 7%, respectively
† Ordinary Working Expenses are likely to increase
  by Rs. 1,200 cr, mainly due to post-budgetary
  increase in fuel prices, has been kept at Rs.
  35,184 cr which is Rs. 416 cr lesser as compared
  to the Budget Estimates

† Necessary changes in accounting system have
  been made to reflect expenditure on lease
  charges
† These changes in the accounting system have
  effected a reduction of Rs. 1,616 cr. in the
  operating expenses
† Losses in passenger business will be cut down by
  about Rs. 1000 cr by increasing number of
  coaches, occupancy of trains, reducing time of
  travel

Safety ‘N’ Security
† Overaged tracks and bridges and track circuiting
  works on all major routes have been completed
† With the completion of above safety works there
  has been a remarkable reduction in railway
  accidents and the number of consequential trains
  accidents has come down from 473 in 2001 to
  234
† RPF is deploying escort parties for about 1000
  passenger trains everyday. Access control and
  security at about 600 stations is being provided
  through the RPF

† In order to provide security to women
  passengers, the Railways are providing special
  squads in compartments reserved for women