IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COORDINATED ACTIVITIES - INENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE LOW
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2615 - 9600
IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
COORDINATED ACTIVITIES
INENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE LOW
CATCHMENT BASIN
Website: www.tapchimoitruong.vn
2615 - 9600
2019
CONTENTS
IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
COORDINATED ACTIVITIES
INENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE LOW
CATCHMENT BASIN
EDITORIAL COUNCIL
Nguyễn Văn Tài
(Chairman)
Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Việt Anh
Prof. Dr. Đặng Kim Chi
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Thế Chinh
Prof. Dr. Phạm Ngọc Đăng EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
Dr. Nguyễn Thế Đồng
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lê Thu Hoa [02] GIA LINH: Review the National Environmental Protection Strategy to 2020
Prof. Dr. Đặng Huy Huỳnh
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phạm Văn Lợi [03] PHẠM TUYÊN – GIÁNG HƯƠNG: Improve the effectiveness of coordinated
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phạm Trung Lương activities in environmental protection of the low cathment basin
Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Văn Phước
Dr. Nguyễn Ngọc Sinh [07] VŨ NHUNG: MONRE gains progress in administrative reform in the field of
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lê Kế Sơn environment
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Danh Sơn
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Trương Mạnh Tiến
Dr. Hoàng Dương Tùng LAW & POLICY
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Trịnh Văn Tuyên
[08] VÕ TUẤN NHÂN: Promote the role and resources of religions in environmental
protection and climate change response
PERSON IN CHARGE OF ENVIRON-
MENT MAGAZINE [13] NGUYỄN THẾ CHINH: Orientation of solid waste management based on
Nguyễn Văn Thùy circular economy model approach
Tel: (024) 61281438 [17] PHƯƠNG LINH - HOÀNG VĂN THỨC: Unify the awareness and action on
policies and solutions in domestic solid waste management
OFFICE [20] NGUYỄN ĐỨC THUẬN: Preferential loan policy for solid waste treatment
• Hanoi: projects
Floor 7, lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Str.,
Cau Giay Dist. Hanoi [23] TRƯƠNG MẠNH TUẤN: Development of a national environmental monitoring
Managing: (024) 66569135 network planning
Editorial: (024) 61281446 [25] HỒNG CẨM: Hà Nội adopts plan to cut emissions
Fax: (024) 39412053
Email: tapchimoitruongtcmt@vea.gov.vn
http://www.tapchimoitruong.vn
• Ho Chi Minh City:
A 907, 9th floor - MONRE’s office complex,
No. 200 - Ly Chinh Thang Street,
9 ward, 3 district, Ho Chi Minh city
Tel: (028) 66814471; Fax: (028) 62676875
PUBLICATION PERMIT
No 1347/GP-BTTTT - Date 23/8/2011
Photo on the cover page:
Đồng Nai River, that run through
Biên Hòa City
Photo by: VNA
Design: Hoàng Đàn
English edition III/2019
Price: 30.000VND
VIEW EXCHANGE
[26] PHƯƠNG TÂM: Việt Nam needs solutions for sustainable
development of rivers
[31] LÊ HOÀNG ANH-VƯƠNG NHƯ LUẬN: New calculation of the
Việt Nam Air Quality Index
[30] TRẦN THẾ LOÃN: Proposing suggestions to amend and perfect
the environmental technical regulations system
[33] ĐẶNG QUỐC THẮNG: Some basic contents of the set of
indicators for assessing evironmental protection results of
provinces and centrally-run cities
GREEN GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
GREEN SOLUTION & TECHNOLOGY
[47] HỒNG NHUNG: Developing renewable energy in Việt
[35] JUNG GUN YOUNG: The volume-based waste fee system - Nam: Through the lens of equality and sustainability
An effective economic tool to promote resource circulation in [49] PHẠM ĐÌNH: HEINEKEN Vietnam continues to be one of
Korea and opportunities for application in Việt Nam the most sustainable companies in Việt Nam
[39] PHẠM ĐÌNH TUYÊN - TRẦN VĂN CẦN: Promoting the [51] NGUYỄN HẰNG - TRẦN THỊ THANH HƯƠNG:
role of coordination and connection with localities in Đồng Strengthening the wildlife conservation in Việt Nam
Nai river basin to protect the environment [52] GIÁNG HƯƠNG: Kenyan universities aim to be “greenest in
[41] ĐỨC ANH: Extended producer responsibility in solid waste the world”
management
[42] HƯƠNG TRẦN - SHAO QI CHAO: The efficiency of Cần
Thơ waste-to-energy plant model
NATURE & ENVIRONMENT OF VIETNAM
[53] HIỀN NHÂM: Bãi Xép – the “hidden gem” of Asia
[54] HÒA TRANG - HIỀN NHÂM: Exploring the paradise
GREEN COOPERATION islands in Việt Nam
[44] PHÚ HÀ Phú Quốc - The first city of Việt Nam commits to
become a city against plastic waste
[46] NAM VIỆT: International support for the implementation
of green credit in Việt Nam
EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
Review the National Environmental Protection
Strategy to 2020
▲▲The Consultation workshop on Assessing the implementation of the NEPS until 2020 and
outline of the Strategy in the period of 2021 - 2030
O n November 15th, 2019, the
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment (MONRE) orga-
2020, with a vision to 2030 was promulgated by the
Prime Minister in 2012 with 4 orientations for the
contents, environmental protection measures and 6
nized the Consultation workshop groups of overall solutions.
on Assessing the implementation So far, the international situation as well as Viet-
of the National Environmental nam's environmental protection viewpoints have
Protection Strategy (NEPS) until changed, Vietnam's environmental quality is show-
2020 and outline of the Strategy ing signs of recession, therefore, the evaluation of
in the period of 2021 - 2030. The this Strategy to set the orientation from 2021 to
Institute of Strategy and Policy on 2030 is necessary. The NEPS in the 2021 - 2030 pe-
Natural Resources and Environ- riod will aim to prevent the trend of pollution and
ment under MONRE is the focal environmental degradation, gradually improve the
point to perform the task of inves- quality of the environment and solve pressing en-
tigating and evaluating the results vironmental issues; prevent the decline of biodiver-
of implementation of the NEPS till sity; improve capacity, take steps to actively adapt
2020, with a vision to 2030 and for- to climate change, promote low-carbon economy,
mulating a NEPS till 2030, with a aiming to achieve the country's 2030 sustainable de-
vision to 2040. velopment goals.
The main purpose of the Work- In addition, the Strategy should set a vision to
shop is to introduce the results of 2045, which is the Vietnamese environment of
the evaluation and propose the good quality, equivalent to that of other devel-
Strategy outline for the period oped countries in the region; ensure the people's
2021 - 2030 and at the same time right to live in a clean environment; biodiversity
consult the delegates to improve and natural resources are preserved and restored;
the effective of implementation proactively adapting to climate change, developing
the National Strategy. The NEPS to low-carbon economy becomes the mainstream■
GIA LINH
4 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
Improve the effectiveness
of co-operationin environmental protection
at the low cathment basins
THE 13TH MEETING OF THE EN- ment of waste water that is disposed by industrial parks; and
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION the settlement of environmental issues in shared areas of the
COMMISSION OF THE LOW provinces and cities. But there remained obstacles, for exam-
CATCHMENT BASIN OF THE ple, local authorities did not connect well and environmental
ĐỒNG NAI RIVER TOOK PLACE violations were still found at business and production sites.
ON NOVEMBER 22ND, 2019 IN According to Deputy Minister Võ Tuấn Nhân, the 11 au-
BÀ RỊA -VŨNG TÀU PROVINCE thorities of provinces and cities in the Đồng Nai River’s low
In the 2019 - 2020 terms, the Commis- catchment basin, with assistance of Ministries and Govern-
sion worked with the Ministry of Natural ment agencies, must make further efforts and work harder
Resources and Environment (MONRE), with the commission chairman to boost the region’s socio-
other Ministries and Government agen- economic growth and better improve environmental condi-
cies, and local authorities of provinces tion for the river basin.
and cities to make further investment and At the 13th meeting, a ceremony was held to transfer the
improve the monitoring system and data- Chairmanship of the Commission for the fifth term 2020-21
base for the management of surface wa- from the Chairman of the Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu People’s Com-
ter. The Commission and its counterparts mittee to the Chairman of the Long An People’s Committee.
developed and implemented plans and Speaking at the ceremony, the new Chairman Trần Văn Cẩn
projects, constructed facilities to upgrade said the regional provinces and cities must develop a shared
the sewage networks for local areas, and monitoring system and focus on improving the sewage net-
enhanced co-operative activities for prov- works for industrial parks, industrial zones and residential
inces and cities to deal with environmen- areas. The Chairman also asked the provinces, cities, Min-
tal issues they have in common. istries and government agencies to co-work better so that
Besides, environmental issues were the Đồng Nai River’s low catchment basin has better envi-
handled comprehensively and spontane- ronmental conditions and localities in the region can achieve
ously, and positive results were made. Pro- sustainable socio-economic development.
fessional units of local authorities worked THE 11TH MEETING OF THE ENVIRONMEN-
better together to share their lessons and TAL PROTECTION COMMISSION OF THE
experiences so that the environment was LOW CATCHMENT BASIN OF THE NHUỆ
better protected. - ĐÁY RIVERS TOOK PLACE ON NOVEM-
Deputy Minister of MONRE Võ Tuấn BER 29TH, 2019 IN NINH BÌNH PROVINCE
Nhân highly appreciated the Commis-
sion had made good efforts in its term The meeting was attended by the Chairman of the Envi-
2019 - 2020 with assistance of 11 cities ronmental Protection Commission of the Low Catchment
and provinces in the region: Đồng Nai, Bà Basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers, Chairman of the Ninh Binh
Rịa-Vũng Tàu, Hồ Chí Minh City, Bình People’s Committee Đinh Văn Điến, Deputy Minister of
Dương, Bình Phước, Long An, Tây Ninh, Natural Resources and Environment Võ Tuấn Nhân, Vice
Lâm Đồng, Đắk Nông, Ninh Thuận and Chairman of the Hà Nội People’s Committee Nguyễn Doãn
Bình Thuận. The implementation of the Toản and 150 representatives from other provincial people’s
Master plan on environmental protection committees, provincial departments of natural resources and
for Đồng Nai River’s low catchment basin environment (DONREs) and other Ministries and Govern-
until 2020 brought some positive results ment agencies.
in deal with environmental pollution and The Commission Chairman cum Chairman of the Ninh
improve the quality of water of the Đồng Bình People’s Committee Đinh Văn Điến said at the meeting
Nai River network. The activities included that the Commission in the 2019 - 2020 term had worked
the installation of the monitoring system closely with the MONRE, other Ministries and Government
and the development of a shared database, agencies, five provinces and cities in the low catchment basin
the administration of waste sources, the to implement the Master plan for environmental protection
development of legal policies on environ- of the low catchment basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers. The plan
mental protection; the upgrade of the sew- concentrated on dealing with environmental issues and man-
age networks for urban areas, the manage- aging sources of waste that the provinces and cities in the
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 5EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
▲▲The ceremony that transfers the chairmanship of the Environmental Protection Commission of the
Low Catchment Basin of the Nhuệ-Đáy rivers to Chairman of the Hà Nội People’s Committee from
Chairman of the Ninh Bình People’s Committee.
region were facing. On August 13th, 2019, below 25 especially in the dry season. Meanwhile the rainy
the Commission issued Document No. 70/ season provided an extra amount of water for the river flow,
UBND to implement the Project on envi- so the percentage of polluting substances in the water became
ronmental protection of the low catchment lower, making the quality of water average. On Đáy River,
basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers. The focus the quality of water was better with most of the monitoring
of the project included the implementa- stations posting their WQIs higher than 51 and the quality of
tion of environmental protection plans in water improved along the river from Hà Nội to Ninh Bình.
provinces, inspection and management of Some stretches of the river running through Ninh Bình Prov-
waste sources in local areas, the develop- ince may provide water for living purposes but the water must
ment of a waste source database in the ba- be processed before being delivered. At the upstream of Đáy
sin, reviewing, evaluating and managing River, which runs through Hà Nội, the water was heavily con-
large-scale sources of waste water that were taminated due to the city’s production and living activities,
likely to have big environmental issues and thus the river was used for transportation only. The quality
impacts, the management of solid waste of water in the rivers that are in Hà Nội such as Tô Lịch, Kim
and projects with chances to create serious Ngưu and Lừ was always low and heavily contaminated with
pollution in local areas and enhancing co- WQIs ranging from 16 to 25. At other sites of the City such
operation among local authorities on envi- as Nghĩa Đô, Cầu Mới and Cầu Sét, the quality of water was
ronmental protection. average with WQIs lying between 26 and 50 and the water
According to the Office of the Com- can only be used for transportation.
mission, the quality of water was poor at To resolve the issue, MONRE had worked with cities and
the stretches that run through urban areas provinces in the low catchment basin of Nhuệ - Đáy rivers
and production facilities. On Nhuệ River, to list out all sources of waste water. Up to date, 85 percent
the quality of water was often low and a of all industrial zones had finished constructing their col-
large number of stretches, such as the one lective waste water treatment plants and strictly followed
flowing through Hà Nội, were heavily pol- the rules on environmental protection; less than 30 per cent
luted with the water quality index (WQI) of all industrial parks had been developing their collective
6 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
waste water treatment plants - except Hà duction facilities still violated the environmental protection
Nội where 60 percent of all industrial parks rules in a number of areas as the waste water they disposed was
had developed collective treatment plants. of very poor quality. Meanwhile, funding for local authorities
Meanwhile, waste water released by craft to perform environmental duties was low and the communica-
villages was not gathered and processed, 65 tion or connection between local authorities themselves and
percent of waste water coming in Nhuệ and Government agencies had not met the expectations despite
Đáy rivers was from households and 43 of making improvements. Local Governments had not collected
all 45 production facilities had completed data on sources of waste frequently and people’s awareness was
processing environmental pollution. modest about environmental protection.
Besides, MONRE had proposed the Deputy Minister of MONRE Võ Tuấn Nhân spoke high-
Prime Minister approve the development ly of the activities the commission had accomplished in its
of a new Commission of Low Catchment fifth term of 2019 and there were some improvements in
Basin, of which the Environmental Protec- performing tasks to improve the quality of water and pro-
tion Commission of the Low Catchment tect the environment in the low catchment basin of the Nhuệ
Basin of the Nhuệ -Đáy rivers is a member. - Đáy rivers. The Environmental Protection Commission of
The Ministry had developed and submitted the Low Catchment Basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers would
to the Government the draft Decree No. need to improve its performance in the fifth term of 2020. To
40/2019/ND-CP dated August 13, 2019 to do so, Deputy Minister asked participants of the meeting to
adjust the Decree instructing the imple- discuss following topics: the administration of waste sources,
mentation of the Law of Environmental inter-provincial polluted sites, assessment of rivers’ capacity
Protection. The Ministry had also carried to absorb and load waste water, provincial co-operation in
out the Program to completely handle pol- dealing with inter-provincial polluted sites, and assessment
luting public facilities in 2016-20, which of the Development plan for Nhuệ and Đáy rivers in 2008 -
was approved by the Prime Minister under 2020 and the future plan for the region.
Decision No. 807/QD-TTg on July 3, 2018 At the meeting, participants discussed the fifth-term Proj-
- the program included the construction of ect on environmental protection of the low catchment basin
a waste water treatment plant for the low of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers, addressed the challenges provinces
catchment basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers. and cities in the basin had to face and suggested solutions
In addition, a database was developed for to improve the performance of the Environmental Protection
sources of waste under Decision No. 140/ Commission of the Low Catchment Basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy
QD-TTg dated January 6, 2018 and Circu- rivers in the future. According to participants, the organiza-
lar No. 76/2017/TT-BTNMT was released tion and operation of the commission must be integrated
on December 29th, 2017 to evaluate the into the new Commission of Low Catchment Basin under
ability of rivers and lakes to absorb and a MONRE draft proposal, which had been submitted to the
load waste water. Prime Minister for consideration, while the commission
Provinces and cities in the low catchment must enhance the supervision of the implementation of the
basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers had also is- Master plan on environmental protection of the low catch-
sued a lot of regulations that dealt with waste ment basin among local authorities. Participants also recom-
water and household waste, fees of waste mended MONRE hasten the process of collecting data from
collection, transportation and management, sources of waste, develop a plan to manage sources of waste
and solid industrial waste. In the meantime, water, and publish details of waste sources on the internet.
hundreds of projects, facilities and man- The Ministry of Construction was required to instruct prov-
agement units were developed and imple- inces and cities in the low catchment basin of Nhuệ and Đáy
mented such as the plantation of upstream rivers to quickly develop their waste water treatment plant
forest in Hòa Bình Province, construction and sewage network for residential areas and industrial zones
of waste treatment plants for craft villages until 2030, develop a plan to manage solid waste in the basin
in the provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and of Nhuệ and Đáy rivers. The Ministries of Finance, Planning
the capital of Hà Nội, installation of sewage and Investment were recommended to finance the Program
system for hospitals, and the promotion of on dealing with heavily-polluting public facilities in 2016-
microbilogical and biochemical products to 2020, give incentives and financial support to infrastructure
help Hà Nội households process waste water development projects and private firms. Provinces and cities
before it was dumped into Tô Lịch River. in the low catchment basin must tighten the state administra-
However, during the implementation of tion of environmental protection, focusing on raising aware-
the project to improve the environmental ness of waste source owners, business and production facili-
conditions of the Nhuệ - Đáy rivers’ low ties, and people to protect the environment. They were also
catchment basin, there were some difficul- required to launch projects at seriously-contaminated sites
ties and challenges. Local people and pro- and see water management as a national security issue.
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 7EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
▲▲Deputy Minister of MONRE Võ Tuấn Nhân, leaders of 2 provinces Đồng Nai, Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu,
representatives of DONREs at the 13th meeting of the environment protection commission of the low
catchment basin of the Đồng Nai River
At the meeting, the Chairman of the Industrial Park, thus raising their awareness about environ-
Hà Nội People’s Committee received the mental protection. The Commission had also helped minis-
transfer for the chairmanship of the Envi- tries, local authorities and Government agencies accomplish
ronemntal Protection Commission of the facilities and projects worth thousands of billions of dong to
Low Catchment Basin of the Nhuệ - Đáy deal with solid waste and waste water.
rivers from the Chairman of the Ninh Bình Highly appreciating the efforts of the Commission, Min-
People’s Committee. istries, government agencies and six provinces in the basin
region: Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên, Bắc Giang, Bắc Ninh, Vĩnh
ON DECEMBER 6, 2019, THE ENVI- Phúc and Hải Dương, Deputy Minister Võ Tuấn Nhân said
RONMENTAL PROTECTION COM- there were positive results and the quality of water in the
MISSION OF THE LOW CATCH- river improved after the Master plan on the environmental
MENT BASIN OF THE CẦU RIVER protection of the low catchment basin of the Cầu River had
IN THÁI NGUYÊN PROVINCE OR- been implemented. However, there were still obstacles in the
GANISED ITS 15TH MEETING project implementation and Deputy Minister hoped meeting
FOR THE TERM 2019 - 2020 attendees would discuss solutions to help the region achieve
Among attendees were the Chairman of higher socio-economic growth in the future.
the Environmental Protection Commission At the meeting, participants evaluated the results of the
of the Low Catchment Basin of the Cầu Riv- Cầu River project 2016-2020, addressed problems and pro-
er cum Chairman of the Hải Dương People’s posed solutions to protect the environment of the river’s low
Committee Vương Đức Sáng, Deputy Min- catchment basin after the project ends in 2020. Provincial
ister of MONRE Võ Tuấn Nhân, Vice Chair- authorities in the basin region needed to make assessment of
man of the Thái Nguyên People’s Commit- projects and tasks assigned by the provincial people’s com-
tee Lê Quang Tiến, leaders of provincial mittees and outline a future plan for the region. MONRE
departments of natural resources and en- would need to co-operate with relevant ministries, govern-
vironment, senior managers of provincial ment agencies and local authorities to promote inter-region
people’s committees and representatives of and inter-province projects to resolve environmental issues
ministries and Government agencies. for the basin, keep checking the quality of water in the river
In 2019, the Commission worked with and instruct local authorities to implement policies related
provincial people’s committee in the low to the Law of Environmental Protection. Other Ministries
catchment basin of the Cầu River to check and agencies would need to execute tasks to implement the
the progress of the Project on the environ- Master plan on environmental protection of the low catch-
mental protection for the river’s low catch- ment basin, evaluate the results of the implementation of
ment basin, inspect the activities of busi- 2020 project, and suggest solutions to protect the basin re-
ness and production facilities in Phong gion after the project ends in 2020■
Khê paper village and Phong Khê Paper PHẠM TUYÊN - HƯƠNG TRẦN
8 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019EVENTS & ACTIVITIES
MONRE gains progress in administrative reform
in the field of environment
T
ral
he Minis-
try of Natu-
Resources
and Environment
(MONRE) has
made strides in
administrative re-
form, shown by the
reduction of time
spent on process-
ing administrative
procedures in the
field of environ-
ment. Speaking at
a conference on
administrative re-
form, Deputy Di-
rector of the Việt
Nam Environment
Administration
(VEA) Nguyễn
Hưng Thịnh said, the MONRE ▲▲People submit the administrative procedures
altered several administrative at the Department of the Hải Phòng's Natural
procedures. Resources and Environment
Among them, 24 proce-
mental impact assessments, the procedure had
dures related to environmental
been shortened to between 15 and 25 days for
projects including certificate
different kind of projects. The MONRE has pro-
adjusting plans and strategies
mulgated seven procedures in the field of envi-
were abolished. Six adminis-
ronment, focusing on appraising and approving
trative procedures were issued
the reports on environmental impact assessment,
to enhance the effectiveness
checking and certifying the completion of envi-
of public consultation in the
ronmental protection works, and licensing scrap
process of appraising envi-
imports and hazardous waste releasing licences.
ronmental impact assessment
Project owners will be guided to submit ad-
reports. A total 22 procedures
ministrative procedures through the online pub-
were amended and replaced to
lic service system and they will be able to monitor
reduce conditions and time for
the progress of administrative procedures. Proj-
processing documents.
ect owners whose administrative procedures lag
Deputy Director Nguyễn
behind will be apologised to, be given a reason
Hưng Thịnh said processing
for the delay and the results will be rescheduled.
time of some procedures have
The MONRE targets that 90 per cent of ad-
seen significantly reduced
ministrative procedures be submitted via the on-
compared to previously. In
line public service system by 2020■
terms of evaluating environ-
VŨ NHUNG (VNS source)
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 9LAW & POLICY
Promote the role and resources
of religions in environmental protection
and climate change response
VÕ TUẤN NHÂN
Deputy Minister of MONRE
A
long with the process of so- ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED TO PROMOTE
cio-economic development, THE ROLE AND RESOURCES OF RELIGIONS
our environment is under in- IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CLI-
creasing pressure due to the increase MATE CHANGE RESPONSE
in the size of the economy and the
Implementing the Program of coordinating, strengthening,
population, the level of industrializa-
mobilizing the participation of religions in environmental
tion and urbanization and resource
protection and climate change response
exploitation, emerging of pollution
In order to implement the Party and State's policies on
and waste sources. In addition, Việt
environmental protection and climate change response,
Nam is one of the five countries most
on December 2nd, 2015, the Standing Committee of the
severely affected by climate change;
Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front
the adverse effects of climate change
(VFF), the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environ-
are increasing at an alarming level,
ment (MONRE) and representatives of religions signed a
with more complicated and rapid
Coordination Program on environmental protection and
developments than forecast, which
climate change response (2015 - 2020) in order to promote
has affected food security, water re-
the role of religions in participating in environmental pro-
sources and people's lives. Therefore,
tection and climate change response; to disseminate the
if we do not pay adequate attention
Party's guidelines, the State's laws and policies on envi-
to environmental protection and cli-
ronmental protection and climate change response, mo-
mate change response, we will face bilizing dignitaries and people of all religions to actively
great challenges in terms of pollu- participate in implementing emulation movements and
tion, environmental and biodiver- campaigns to protect environment and respond to climate
sity degradation and great potential change at households and in the community.
climate change impacts, threatening Right after the Program was signed, the Standing
the country's sustainable develop- Committee of the Central Committee of the VFF and the
ment goals. MONRE issued Guideline No. 46/HD-MTTW-TN&MT
To solve the above environmental to guide the Central Committee of the VFF, the Depart-
and climate change issues, it is nec- ment of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE)
essary to have contributions of the the religions in the provinces and cities implementing this
whole political system, the communi- Coordination Program. In 2017 and 2018, the Standing
ty and every citizen, of which the im- Committee of the Central Committee of the VFF and the
portant role of religious organizations MONRE have jointly organized five regional Conferences
is indispensable. As a part of the great to implement the Coordination Program on a national
national solidarity, over the years, scale in provinces of Quảng Ninh, Sóc Trăng, Nam Định,
14 religions in Việt Nam with more Bình Định and Hậu Giang.
than 25 million dignitaries, monks, Up to now, 63/63 provinces and cities across the coun-
followers and nearly 26.000 worship- try have signed and implemented the Coordination Pro-
ping facilities have promoted patrio- gram or Plan among the VFFs at all levels, the natural
tism, solidarity, commitment, social resources and environment sector and religious organiza-
and national responsibility sharing, tions in the area. In addition, each religion has also ac-
actively participating in responding tively implemented and integrated the contents of envi-
to patriotic emulation campaigns ronmental protection and climate change response into its
and movements, contributing to the annual program of activities; to issue Prospects, Messages
implementation of guidelines, laws and Appeals to grassroots organizations and followers in
and policies of the Party and the State response to the Program on participation in environmen-
on environmental protection and cli- tal protection and climate change response.
mate change response.
10 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019LAW & POLICY
▲▲The Signing Ceremony of the Coordination Program in the period of 2016 - 2020
between the MONRE and the Central Committee of the VFF in environmental protection
Propagating, mobilizing, raising aware- national Day for Biological Diversity (May 22), the World
ness and capacity of environmental protec- Meteorological Day (May 30), the World Environment Day
tion and climate change response for the (June 5); propagating through mass media such as newspa-
contingent of religious officials and reli- pers, radio, websites of the Fatherland Fronts of provinces
gious communities and cities. At the same time, during the important ceremo-
Recently, the MONRE has cooper- nies, annual preliminary and review conferences of activities
ated with the Standing Committee of the of religions or visiting, congratulatory occasions, the leaders
Central Committee of the VFF to imple- of the VFF Committees at all levels have propagandized and
ment many activities of propaganda, ad- mobilized religious organizations to actively participate in
vocacy, awareness and capacity raising environmental protection and climate change response and
on environmental protection and climate suggested religious dignitaries actively mobilize followers
change response for the religious organi- to implement environmental protection and climate change
zations in the whole country in diverse response, thereby raising the awareness and sense of respon-
forms such as: Organizing seminars and sibility of religious organizations, dignitaries, positions, re-
conferences to thoroughly grasp the con- ligious followers to firmly grasp and strictly implement the
tent of the coordination program; incor- Party's guidelines and policies and the State’s legal policies
porating the content of environmental on environmental protection and climate change response.
protection and climate change response The VFFs of provinces and cities have actively coordi-
into annual religious work guidelines, nated with the natural resources and environment sector to
in Congratulatory Letters to religions develop many specific programs and plans or integrate the
in important ceremonies; composing program to promote the role of religions in environmental
propaganda and print materials, pub- protection and climate change response into the program of
lishing many leaflets on environmental “All people participating in environmental protection” asso-
protection and climate change response ciated with the campaign “All people build new rural areas
to distribute to worshipping facilities, and civilized cities”; to organize the "National Day of Soli-
the front working boards at all levels; darity"..., to strengthen the capacity of environmental pro-
mobilizing dignitaries and followers to tection and climate change response for the contingent of
attend meetings to celebrate the Inter- officials, especially officials engaged in religious work, mobi-
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 11LAW & POLICY
lizing people from all walks of life, follow- ronmental protection and climate change response; the
ers of all religions to participate in envi- model of "Classification and treatment of domestic waste
ronmental protection and climate change at households and religious establishments", the model
response. In addition, the Fatherland of "restricting burning of votive papers in worshipping
Fronts at all levels also provide guidance, facilities"; the model of "Parishioners Club participating
training and assistance to the religious in environmental sanitation every Friday"; the model of
communities in self-rescue skills and help "Parishioners collecting and classifying waste, packaging
each other handle on-site extraordinary and plastic bottles"…
events due to storms, floods, flash floods, Mobilizing resources of religious organizations for
droughts, forest fires; the communities environmental protection and climate change response;
share and help people at risk of natural di- supervising the implementation of policies and laws on
sasters, epidemics and other difficult situ- environmental protection and climate change response
ations in the communities. The VFF Committees at all levels has mobilized vari-
Supporting religions in developing ous resources of religious organizations, enterprises and
and expanding model participating sites followers towards socialization such as contributing spir-
in environmental protection and climate its, knowledge, labor days and money or donating land
change response to support the implementation of thousands of activities,
The MONRE and the Standing Com- hundreds of models on environmental protection and
mittee of the Central Committee of the climate change response in localities.
VFF have coordinated to develop 3 mod- The natural resources and environment sector of
els of religious sites to participate in envi- provinces and cities have coordinated with the Father-
ronmental protection and climate change land Fronts of the same level and religious organizations
response at the central level at Pháp Bảo to strengthen their coordination to propagandize and
Pagoda (Hồ Chí Minh City), Pháp Vân mobilize dignitaries, positions, followers and people to
Pagoda (Hà Nội) and Hải Đức Commu- intensify supervision and detection of emerging issues
nity Support Center (Thừa Thiên - Huế in the implementation of legal policies on environmental
Province); to support to develop 14 pilot protection and climate change response of agencies, or-
models of 14 religions in localities from ganizations, enterprises and households in the area.
the resources of the Program of "All peo-
ple participating in environmental pro- ASSESSING A NUMBER OF ACHIEVED RE-
tection" in 2017. SULTS AND SHORTCOMINGS, LIMITATIONS
The DONREs of provinces and cities In general, the activities of propaganda on environ-
have also coordinated with the VFF Com- mental protection and climate change response that
mittee to propagandize, mobilize and help have been coordinated in recent years are in accordance
religious organizations to develop and with the doctrine and laws of the religions and the gen-
replicate pilot models on environmental eral situation of each locality, which is enthusiastically
protection and climate change response; responded by the religions. The religious organizations
to guide, train and support religious com- have raised awareness and responsibility of the reli-
munities and residents to implement gious community on environmental protection and cli-
measures to protect environment in their mate change response through promoting propaganda
production activities and daily life such and preaching among the masses and followers about
as using renewable energy, planting and environmental protection and climate change response.
protecting trees in residential and public The religious organizations have developed many mod-
places, religious facilities. els suitable to the specific conditions of each locality
Many religious sites have had effective and each religion, bringing practical effects, contribut-
models, good practices; there have been ing to a dramatic change in awareness and attitudes, be-
nearly 1.000 models of religions partici- haviors and habits of dignitaries and followers of differ-
pating in environmental protection and ent religions in environmental protection and climate
climate change response so far. A number change response. With many specific and practical ac-
of practical and effective models and clubs tivities, the roles, responsibilities and contributions of
on environmental protection and climate dignitaries and followers of different religions with the
change response have been implemented task of environmental protection and climate change
such as: "Green, clean, beautiful” parishes response in each residential area and throughout the
and worshipping facilities; the model of country have been increasingly improved, making sig-
communities/solidaritygroups/religious nificant contributions to ensuring the sustainable de-
autonomy groups participating in envi- velopment of the country.
12 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019LAW & POLICY
In addition to the achieved results, the ticipate in environmental protection and climate change
work of environmental protection and response activities. In particular, it is necessary to pro-
climate change response in the past time vide specific regulations to enhance the roles, responsi-
still has some shortcomings and limita- bilities, positive contributions of dignitaries and follow-
tions, including: The compilation and ers of religions to the task of environmental protection
release of documents related to environ- and climate change response at all levels and residential
mental protection and climate change re- areas; to provide sanctions and measures to encourage
sponse suitable with the characteristics of and promote the roles of religious organizations in the
religions, each locality has not yet met the prevention of environmental incidents in the localities.
requirements, causing difficulties for pro- To research and develop mechanisms to support ma-
paganda. There are few seminars, training terial facilities and funding for religious organizations to
and retraining courses to raise awareness, facilitate their administration and management, togeth-
knowledge and experience. Some reli- er with the State, to carry out environmental protection
gious organizations have just stopped at and climate change response activities, to allow religious
propaganda to raise awareness of digni- organizations to participate in providing public services
taries, officials and followers within cer- in the field of environmental protection, promoting reli-
tain worship facilities, religions and resi- gious organizations to contribute resources to the coun-
dential areas but have not been proactive try's development.
in developing specific action plans suit- Secondly, to promote propaganda, advocacy, aware-
able to the characteristics and conditions ness raising and strictly implement the Party's guidelines,
of their religions to become a widespread the State's policies and laws on environmental protection
movement. The allocation of funding for and climate change response to dignitaries, followers, re-
implementing environmental protection ligious organizations.
and climate change response activities is To continue organizing the compilation and provid-
still not enough and timely, the budget ing religious communities and residents with documents
has not been distributed to support the on the current state of environmental pollution, negative
pilot models of religions; the mobiliza- impacts of climate change in the world, in the country,
tion of resources from socialization for the localities and residential areas; policies and laws of
environmental protection and climate the Party and the State, provisions of the religions’ rules
change response, natural resource protec- and doctrines on environmental protection and climate
tion is still limited, mainly from the State change response.
budget. The roles of the religious organi- To strengthen coordination to organize conferences
zations have not been fully promoted, the and training courses to propagate and disseminate laws,
resources of religions in environmental raise awareness about environmental protection, ratio-
protection and climate change response nal use of natural resources and climate change response
activities have not been exploited prop- for people of religious organizations.
erly and are still limited. To guide, train and support religious communities and
residents to strictly implement the provisions of the law
SOME SOLUTIONS TO CONTINUE on environmental protection in daily life and production
PROMOTING THE ROLES AND activities such as: eating hygienic food; constructing en-
RESOURCES OF RELIGIONS IN vironmental sanitation facilities; planting and protecting
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION greeneries at residential and public places, religious es-
AND CLIMATE CHANGE RE- tablishments; protecting biodiversity; sustainable liveli-
SPONSE ACTIVITIES hoods; not cutting trees or destroying forests; organizing
To continue promoting the roles and re- production, cultivation, husbandry, business... without
sources of religions in environmental pro- causing pollution to the environment; eliminating habits
tection and climate change response activi- causing pollution, environmental degradation, biodiver-
ties, in the coming time, it is necessary to sity decline and increasing climate change
implement well the following solutions: The localities need to create conditions, guide and
Firstly, to continue developing, final- mobilize the religions to participate in environmen-
izing and synchronizing mechanisms, tal protection and climate change response activities in
policies and legal documents on climate accordance with the ability and capacity of dignitaries,
change response, natural resource manage- officials and followers, consistent with the cultural and
ment and environmental protection, with a ethical values of the religions and peoples. The religious
focus on the involvement of religions. dignitaries and officials should promote their exemplary
To develop a favorable legal frame- roles and encourage their followers to abide by the State's
work for religious organizations to par- policies and laws and actively respond to the general
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 13LAW & POLICY
movements of socio-economic develop- Fourthly, to promote the role of social supervision
ment, environmental protection and cli- and criticism in developing and implementing poli-
mate change response. cies and laws on environmental protection and climate
To resolutely fight and prevent acts of change response of the religions.
violating laws, abusing the religions, en- The Fronts at all levels and religious organizations, es-
vironmental issues for self-seeking, incit- pecially at grassroots levels need to regularly collect peo-
ing division of people, division of peoples, ple's opinions; to promote the strength of the community
disturbing security and order and oppos- in the implementation and supervision of the implemen-
ing the State and obstructing the country's tation of policies and laws on environmental protection
sustainable development process. and climate change response, especially giving opinions
Thirdly, to continue expanding and de- on the consultancy on the environmental impact assess-
veloping new models, advanced examples of ment reports of the programs, projects, socio-economic
religious organizations participating in en- development planning and plans related to population
vironmental protection and climate change communities; to monitor and supervise the observance
response, focusing on developing domestic of the Law on Environmental Protection of production,
waste separation models at source; limiting business and service establishments in the localities in
the use of disposable plastic products, non- order to propose timely handling of acts of causing en-
biodegradable plastic bags. vironmental pollution and degradation and infringing
To review and assess current models upon natural resources and to resolve conflicts of interest
to serve as a basis for replicating and de- on environment protection and climate change in resi-
veloping advanced models and examples dent areas.
of effective environmental protection At the present time, it is recommended that the reli-
and climate change response in residen- gious organizations focus on promoting the role of so-
tial areas that are suitable for features cial criticism, contributing ideas to the content of draft
and conditions of each religion and each laws and policies on environmental protection that the
region. In particular, to focus on devel- State and Government are directing the implementation
oping models of environmental protec- such as: the Law project amending and supplementing
tion and climate change response associ- a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Pro-
ated with patriotic emulation movements tection; the Decree guiding the implementation of the
such as new rural development, civilized Law on Environmental Protection (amended); the legal
cities, building green - clean - beautiful framework on solid waste management in the direction
environment; to strengthen the establish- of the unified State management of solid waste nation-
ment of self-governing communities and wide and the Provincial People's Committees with a
religious establishments in using natural comprehensive responsibility for waste issues and waste
resources, environmental protection and treatment in the localities; amending and supplement-
climate change response; to promote the ing the Decree on sanctioning of administrative viola-
movement and models of waste separa- tions in the domain of environmental protection in the
tion at source, restrict the use of dispos- direction of increasing sanctions and strictly handling
able plastic products, non-biodegradable violations of the law on environmental protection; final-
plastic bags in daily life and production izing the system of regulations on environmental pro-
of religious organizations and population tection to proactively prevent environmental conflicts
communities. and disputes that cause political instability, social disor-
To strengthen activities to visit, learn der and insecurity...
and share experiences on developing and In order to harmonize the problem between socio-eco-
maintaining the pilot models of religions nomic development and environmental protection in the
on environmental protection and climate context of environmental and climate change problems in
change response. our country that has been under great pressure and chal-
The MONRE, the VFFs at all levels lenges today, it is required to have efforts of all levels, sec-
and the religions need to coordinate and tors, socio-political organizations, communities and every
review financial mechanisms to allocate citizen, in which the promotion of the religions’ roles and
funding from the State budget and mobi- resources will create a great spillover effect in the society,
lize from other lawful sources to support gathering the power of the great solidarity of the entire na-
the implementation of activities, develop- tion, together with the Party, the State and the political sys-
ing effective models to promote the roles tem, to implement solutions to tackle environmental pol-
of the religions in environmental protec- lution and respond to climate change, creating synergy in
tion and climate change response. the national sustainable development■
14 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019LAW & POLICY
Orientation of solid waste management based
on circular economy model approach
ASSOC. PROF. DR. NGUYỄN THẾ CHINH
Director of Institute Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment
I
n economic activities, solid waste Domestic solid waste generate d in the p erio d
is generated from production of 2013 - 2017
and consumption process. Solid
waste management is implemented No Year Volume of urban Volume of rural
in many different forms; in Việt Nam, domestic solid domestic solid
the most common is collection, trans- waste generated waste generated
portation, landfilling and discharging (tons/day) (tons/day)
into the environment. This manage- 1 2013 30.000 22.000
ment method has caused environmen-
tal pollution and wasted raw material
sources utilized from waste. So which 2 2014 32.000 25.000
management model will be more ap-
propriate (reduce, reuse, recycle (3R), 3 2015 34.000 27.000
cleaner production, sustainable con-
sumption…) to achieve economic goals
and solve environmental problems? A 4 2016 37.000 29.000
new, effective and feasible approach is
not only to apply international experi- 5 2017 38.000 30.000
ence, but also to stem from the previous
practice of Việt Nam, which is the solid
waste management approach based on Source: Compiled by MONRE
circular economy model. From the above table, from 2013 to 2017, the urban and ru-
ral solid waste generation amount increased steadily over the
THE CURRENT STATE OF years, proving that there has been no effective management ap-
SOLID WASTE GENERATION proach to reduce the waste generation amount.
AND MANAGEMENT In Việt Nam, hazardous solid waste is often mixed with
Generation and management of common domestic solid waste and taken to landfills, includ-
solid waste in the country ing: Electronic devices, pharmaceuticals, used chemicals, bat-
Together with the increase in popu- teries... Although the amount generated is not much, there is
lation, the development of manufac- a potential risk to human health. Other types of solid waste
turing industries and the increase in such as construction solid waste accounting for 25% of the to-
consumption has increased the amount tal solid waste in Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh City and 12 - 13% in
and composition of waste. Regarding An Giang, Bắc Giang, Hải Phòng; Industrial solid waste mainly
domestic solid waste generated in Việt arises from industrial zones and clusters; Industrial hazardous
Nam, which includes common do- waste accounts for 15 - 20% of industrial solid waste, mainly
mestic waste and hazardous domestic generated in light industry, metallurgy and chemicals; Medical
waste, it has different characteristics de- solid waste arises from medical activities, with the amount of
pending on specific geographical areas. about 450 tons/day, of which 47 - 50 tons are hazardous waste;
Domestic solid waste in urban areas in The generated agricultural solid waste amount includes 14.000
Việt Nam currently accounts for more tons of pesticide and fertilizer packaging, 76 million tons of
than 50% of the total domestic solid straw, 47 million tons of livestock waste. In addition, there are
waste in the country, accounting for 60 some other specific types of solid waste such as electronic waste
- 70% of the total urban solid waste. The and marine plastic waste - the two "hot" issues in Việt Nam,
generated domestic solid waste amount but there are currently no official statistics on the generation
is estimated at 25,5 million tons/year, of of these types of waste. According to a 2012 World Bank study,
which urban domestic solid waste ac- in middle-income countries like Việt Nam, the amount of plas-
counts for about 38.000 tons/day and tic waste generated accounts for about 12% of total waste. Việt
rural domestic solid waste accounts for Nam is considered as one of the countries generating the high-
32.000 tons/day. est amount of marine plastic waste in the world.
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 15LAW & POLICY
Thus, the generated solid waste amount 6 months of 2018, the total amount of plastic solid waste im-
in the country is quite large with the trend in- ported into Việt Nam is only 107,1 thousand tons, a decrease
creasing steadily over the years, the amount of 250% compared to the first 6 months. However, the number
of solid waste in urban areas is higher than of containers containing solid waste scrap left in ports has in-
in rural areas, some types of solid waste, es- creased due to the failure to meet the import conditions pre-
pecially electronic waste and marine plastic scribed by Việt Nam.
waste, are increasing rapidly. It is worth not- Thereby, it also reflects the fact that domestic production
ing that domestic solid waste in Việt Nam requires a large amount of input materials, namely scrap solid
has mixed characteristics, in which many waste (plastic, iron, steel, paper and other scrap materials) that
types of waste, including hazardous waste, need to be cleaned to be up to the prescribed standards, which
are landfilled. From the above practice, it is shall bring about economic benefits.
necessary to have an appropriate manage-
ment approach to minimize the amount ORIENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
of solid waste, aiming to achieve zero solid BASED ON THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL
waste discharge to the environment. The circular economy is a feasible approach to address the
Generation and management of import- relationship among economic growth and economical and ef-
ed solid waste ficient use of natural resources and environmental protection
Recently, enterprises of some countries towards a zero-waste economy, which is to replace the linear
in the world have taken advantage of the economy approach. This means that the exploitation and use
policy on allowing the import of scrap as of natural resources can only take place once, after that, the
raw materials for production to transport materials are recovered and reused, recycled in sectors and
solid waste into other countries, especially fields of economic activities. The circular economy is inter-
developing countries, including Việt Nam. preted based on the principle of the law of conservation of
In Việt Nam, there is a quite great demand matter and energy, compared to the 3R approach, the circular
for solid waste such as steel, plastic, paper economy is more expanded.
for recycling as raw materials for domestic
production.
From the above table, the volume of solid Simulation of the circular economy model operation
waste import in scrap form in 2018 has in-
creased by 1.308,1 thousand tons, compared
to 2017. It is due to the prohibition of im-
porting scrap into China, therefore, coun-
tries that previously exported solid waste to
China such as the US, Japan, South Korea,
Canada…, now have shifted to export to
Việt Nam. Notably, for plastic waste, only in
the first 6 months of 2018, Việt Nam has im-
ported 274,7 thousand tons of plastic scrap,
an increase of more than 200% over the same
period in 2017 (the first 6 months of 2017,
132,4 thousand tons were imported). Under
this circumstance, since July 2018, Việt Nam
has strengthened the management, inspec-
tion and control of imported solid waste
products in scrap form; therefore, in the last Source: (Fabrice Mathieux, 2017)
Scrap imports in 2017 and 2018
Year Plastic scrap Paper scrap Iron and steel scrap Other scrap Total
(thousand tons) (thousand tons) (thousand tons) (thousand tons) (thousand tons)
2017 385,5 1.441,8 4.816,0 1.302,9 7.946,2
2018 381,8 2.063,2 5.741,5 1.067,8 9.254,3
Source: General Department of Vietnam Customs
16 ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019LAW & POLICY
From the figure above, the management higher level in the direction of developing the circular economy
approach based on circular economy model models.
is based on economic efficiency, consistent Challenges: First, the implementation of the circular econ-
with the operation of the market economy omy model in solid waste management requires proper aware-
institution, which therefore will be the driv- ness in the implementation process, from the design to the
ing force for enterprises to invest in this implementation in sectors and fields, enterprises, people and
model, if there is the right orientation and state management levels to create consensus.
appropriate policy mechanisms, the circu- Second, the solid waste management based on the circular
lar economy will gradually replace the lin- economy model requires waste separation at source, which has
ear economy. not been done in our country. Solid waste still a mix of many
In solid waste management, the ap- different components, even with hazardous waste.
proach based on circular economy model Third, the legal framework does not exist to implement the
will be highly feasible, especially solid waste circular economy in general and the solid waste management
such as plastic, steel, paper and other types based on the circular economy model in particular.
of input solid waste for production, creating Fourth, for the strategies, planning and implementation
products that are demanded by the market. plans related to solid waste, the concept of solid waste manage-
ment model based on the circular economy is yet to be estab-
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL- lished.
LENGES OF SOLID WASTE MAN- Fifth, as solid waste is generated from many different sec-
AGEMENT BASED ON CIRCULAR tors and fields, the implementation of solid waste management
ECONOMY IN VIỆT NAM approach based on the circular economy model requires the
Opportunities: Approaching and imple- coordination of many stakeholders.
menting the circular economy is a global
trend, with success proven in many coun- PROPOSING THE ORIENTATION OF SOLID
tries such as Sweden, Denmark, Finland, WASTE MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE DEVEL-
Canada, Japan, China, Singapore... Espe- OPMENT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL
cially, in some Nordic countries such as IN VIỆT NAM
Denmark and Sweden, the circular econ- First, to implement solid waste management based on the
omy model has brought high efficiency, circular economy model, it is necessary to have a clear legal
thorough handling of solid waste landfill- framework for the formation and development of the circular
ing, even leading to lack of solid waste for economy models in general and the solid waste management
production inputs. based on the circular economy in particular. The countries that
Facing the situation of large solid waste have experience in implementing the circular economy all have
generation and lack of appropriate treat- clear laws and regulations. Việt Nam should have a roadmap,
ment approach, solid waste landfilling still and to formulate a law on the development of the circular econ-
being the main form of waste handling, the omy models.
implementation of the circular economy Second, it is necessary to conduct an extensive research on
model towards zero waste generation is a the solid waste management based on the development of cir-
great opportunity to deploy a solution, in cular economy model. First of all, it is necessary to select the
line with the Party's policy on sustainable preferred type of waste, the implementation method, then to
development.
Encouraging and creating mechanisms
for the development of the private sector
is consistent with the market economy in-
stitution. This will be an opportunity for
private investors to invest in implementing
the circular economy models in solid waste
treatment.
Việt Nam has been in the process of
implementing the Industrial Revolution
4.0, which is a good opportunity to develop
models in solid waste treatment associated
with high technology.
Reality shows that the shortage of re-
sources, along with the great demand to
import solid waste in scrap form, is an op- ▲▲Hòa Bình canal bridge with raw materials made from recycled
portunity to rise the implementation to a Tiger beer bottle caps in Phú Thành Commune (Phú Tân, An Giang)
ENVIRONMENT English edition III/2019 17You can also read
