Knowledge Organiser Year 7 - Cycle Three 2020-21 - St Luke's Church of England ...

Knowledge
Organiser
Year 7
Cycle Three
2020-21

Intro d uc tio n

 Self-Quizzing
 Why should I self-quiz?
 Your mind is split into two parts: the working-memory and the long-term memory. Everybody’s working-
 memory is limited, and therefore it can very easily become overwhelmed. Your long-term memory, on the
 other hand, is effectively limitless.
 You can support your working memory by storing key facts and processes in long term memory. These facts
 and processes can then be retrieved to stop your working memory becoming overloaded.
 Research shows that students remember 50% more when they test themselves after learning something.
 This booklet contains knowledge organisers for all of your subjects. Each knowledge organiser has the key
 information that needs to be memorised to help you master your subject and be successful in lessons.

 How should I self-quiz, and how often?
 Research shows that regular testing improves knowledge retention; in order to learn the information in your
 knowledge organiser, you will need to work with it more than once! If a subject sets homework more than once
 per week, it is highly likely that they will ask you to work with the same information on both nights – this is so that
 you learn it more effectively. There are many different ways to learn the material in your knowledge organiser.

 You could:
 Cover – Write – Check: Cover up one section of the knowledge organiser, and try to write out as much as you
 can from memory. Check the knowledge organiser to see if you are right; correct any mistakes and fill in any
 missing information in your green pen. Repeat this process at least twice to fill your page. You could also
 include content from the previous week’s homework – especially if there were some parts you struggled with.

 If you find the cover–write–check method too simple, try one of the following strategies:
 a) Practice paragraphs / exam questions – use the key information on your knowledge organiser to write
 a paragraph response to the topic. This will show that you can use key vocabulary in context.
 b) Revision clock – draw a clock and add the topic in the middle. Break the clock face into 10 minute
 sections. Add notes from the knowledge organiser in each section. Cover the clock and recite the
 information aloud.
 c) Transformative tasks – take the information from the knowledge organiser and present it in a different
 format: e.g. a newspaper report, a page from a text book, a comic strip, a set of quiz questions (make sure
 that you include the answers).
 d) Additional research – Complete your own research into the topic set on your knowledge organiser.
 Present this new information in your homework book.
 e) Use your knowledge organisers to create flashcards. These could be double sided with a question on
 one side and the answer on the other. Alternatively, a keyword on one side and a definition or diagram on
 the other. These are then used for self-quizzing.
 f) Draw a mind map, jotting down everything that you can remember from the knowledge organiser.
 Check accuracy, correct in green pen and then repeat.

 TOP Don’t just copy material from the knowledge organiser into your book.
 This will not increase your retrieval strength, since you are not actually

 TIP trying to remember anything. It won’t stick!

 Knowledge Homework Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 2

In tro d uc tio n
 How should I present my work?
 Please remember that the same rules apply to the presentation of your homework as apply for your class work:
 dates and titles (which should be the name of the subject) need to be underlined with a ruler and you
 should present your work as neatly as you are able to.
 If you are self-quizzing correctly, there should be evidence of green pen on your page. Here are some
 examples of how to set out your work:

 Homework Schedules
 Week Week
 commencing Week Section of KO to work from commencing Week Section of KO to work from
 19th April A Week 1 21st June A Week 9
 26th April B Week 2 28th June B Week 10
 3rd May A Week 3 Assessment week: revise for
 5th July A
 assessments
 10th May B Week 4
 Super-teaching week: teachers will
 17th May A Week 5 12th July B set homework linked to knowledge
 24th May B Week 6 gaps identified in assessments

 7th June A Week 7 19th July A Enrichment Week

 14th June B Week 8

 Week A Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3

 Monday English Food Science

 Tuesday Tier 2 vocab Maths (Sparx) LTTF

 Wednesday Geography History Drama

 Thursday Science English Computing

 Friday Maths (Sparx) Maths (Sparx) MFL

 Week B Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3

 Monday English MFL Science

 Tuesday PE Maths (Sparx) DT

 Wednesday Geography History Art

 Thursday Science English Music

 Friday Maths (Sparx) Maths (Sparx) MFL

Knowledge Homework Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 3

A rt
 Cover – Write – Check WEEK 3/4 WEEK 5/6 WEEK 7/8 Year 7 ART
 the ‘Art Elements’ TONE SHAPE PATTERN
 Refers to the lightness or Is a Two-Dimensional area. Refers to a design created by
 WEEK 1/2 darkness of something. Shapes can either be repeating lines, shapes, tones WEEK 9/10
 This could be a shade or how geometric, like a circle, square or colours. The design used to
 LINE TEXTURE
 dark or light a colour appears. or triangle, or irregular. create a pattern is often
 A line is a mark made on a surface. Refers to how something feels or how
 Tones are created by the way [2D = height + width] referred to as a motif. These
 For example, by a pencil, pen or other it appears to feel. There are two types
 light falls on a 3D object. motifs can be simple shapes or
 art material. It can take many forms: FORM of texture; actual texture and
 complex arrangements. simulated texture. Actual Texture:
 diagonal, horizontal or curved. Line Is a Three-Dimensional shape,
 Patterns can be man-made, means the actual physical surface of
 can be used to show many different such as a cube, sphere or
 like a design on fabric, or an artwork or design. It describes the
 qualities, for example: Contours, cone.
 natural, like the markings on tactile feeling you would get if you ran
 feelings or expressions and [3D = height, width + depth]
 animal fur. Patterns can also your hand over it. Simulated
 movements.
 be regular or irregular. Texture: refers to the illusion of
 texture which is created by an artist
 TONAL SHADING using various skills.

 Natural Patterns

 Cubist Actual Texture
 CONTINUOUS LINE portrait
 showing
 use of
 shapes Man-Made Patterns
 TONAL VOCABULARY and
 Light Dark Shades Harsh form.
 Silhouette Tint Reflecting
 Gradient Graphite SHAPE & FORM
 Grayscale Hatching Cross- VOCABULARY Simulated Texture
 hatching Shadow Sketch Rounded Angular Irregular
 Tonal Solid Contrast Chunky Small Fragile
 PATTERN VOCABULARY TEXTURE VOCABULARY
 Dull Shading Highlight Feminine Masculine Bold
 Blend Bold Range Repeat Motif Simple Scaly Flaking Crusty Rough
 Robust Bulbous Sculptural
 Complex Symmetrical Smooth Bobbled Sharp Wavy
 LINE VOCABULARY Cylindrical Delicate
 Random Natural Man- Woolly Stubble Woven Wooden
 Bold Thin Thick Erratic Zig-zag Balanced Organic
 EXTEND YOUR made Mirrored Surface Stippled Rusty Carved Bark
 Wavy Broken Hatch Cross-hatch Geometric Abstract
 UNDERSTANDING Structural Decorative Stone Feathery Polished
 Sharp Soft Curved Angular Realistic Simplified
 Dotted Continuous Straight 1.Draw as many different types Structure Proportion
 Tessellation Rhythm Crumbling Actual Visual Coarse
 of line you can think of. Balance Recurring Block Fluffy Furry Silk Tactile
 Horizontal Vertical Diagonal Spherical Square Ovoid
 Dashed Length Slant Outline 2.Create your own tonal scale Regular Volume
 Optical Illusion Design
 with your own drawing pencils. Detail
 Parallel

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 4

C o m p u t i ng
 Week 1 Week 3 Week 5
 Computer networks and protocols Networking Hardware Wired and Wireless Networks
 A computer network is when two or more computers are What is hardware? A computer network can be either
 connected together to allow them to communicate. Hardware is the term given to a physical device that you wired or wireless.
 can see and touch. For instance the monitor you are
 Key milestones A computer network
 watching this video on is a piece of hardware.
 can be either wired or
 The internet: The first internet World Wide Web: So what is Network Hardware? wireless.
 was called the ARPANET. Tim Berners-Lee Question The Physical devices that are needed in order to create a
 network Wireless networks
 Only a few people had access invented the How many
 send data through the
 to it initially. WWW. devices are There are a number of pieces of hardware that are needed in order to create a air using radio waves.
 1969 1989 now connected network. You will become familiar with the following
 to the internet? Popular examples of wireless
 1950–19170 A hub connects a number of computers together. technologies are:
 1974–1977 1999
 Guidance: Ports allow cables to be plugged in from each connected computer. • Bluetooth
 Mainframe computers: The first personal Mini computers: There are just A message sent from computer A to computer B travels via the hub. • WiFi
 Hub • 3G (third generation wireless mobile)
 Mainframe computers computers: IBM and Nokia introduced under 8 billion
 grew in popularity. a mobile phone • 4G (fourth generation wireless mobile
 Apple were a couple people on the When a network needs to be connected to another network over a
 that could planet. large area, a router is needed. Bandwidth
 These were large and of the brands A router forwards messages from one network to another. It acts as a • Bandwidth is the amount of data that
 connect to the
 expensive. releasing PCs. gateway. can be moved from one point to another
 internet.
 A common job of a router is to join a home network to the internet via in a given time. Higher bandwidth =
 Router an internet service provider (ISP). more data per second
 Message transmission: email • The concept is similar to the volume of
 Just as a letter does not go directly from the sender to the recipient, the email does Some networks will have a server. water flowing through a pipe. This
 A server is a powerful computer which provides services. depends on the size and thickness of
 not travel from a sender’s machine through a cable or “into the cloud” directly to
 There are many different types of server, for example, a file server the pipe.
 the recipient’s machine. which stores files (i.e. text, images, sound, or video) that can be • More bandwidth DOES NOT increase
 The message is passed on to many mail servers along the way, who help get the Server accessed by all devices on the network. the speed.
 • In the analogy of a pipe, the water
 message to its destination.
 To connect together different devices, you need cables. doesn’t travel any faster as the pipe
 They have plastic plugs that connect into sockets on devices. gets bigger, but you get more water
 The cable is made up of a number of copper wires. because more can flow through at
 Data can be sent in both directions across a cable the given time.
 Network Cable
 Bandwidth is the maximum rate that data
 Common types of Network Topology can be transferred across a connection. A
 Network Topology is the way that the elements or parts of a network are connected common misconception is that the more
 Protocols bandwidth you have, the faster the data
 to each other. The logical layout of the network.
 travels. This is not the case. The data still
 A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate travels at the same speed, but more data
 with each other. Protocols exist for several different applications. ... Examples can travel through at any given time.
 include wired networking (e.g., Ethernet), wireless networking (e.g., 802.11ac),
 and Internet communication (e.g., IP). Measuring bandwidth:
 Hub • Bandwidth is measured in bits
 per second
 email and web address protocols • A bit is the smallest unit of data
 Star Topology Mesh Topology • Data transfer rates are now so
 For email an @ symbol must be used in an email address. The email address
 The hub becomes the central device in the All computers can communicate with one good that bandwidth is usually
 must be unique e.g. studentname@stlukescofe.school network. another as they all have a connection. measured in Megabits per
 All messages between the computers will It is very robust second (Mbps)
 For web address E.g. http://www.stlukescofe.school All website addresses start pass through the hub. This setup requires a lot of cabling. • 1 Mb = 1 million bits
 with ‘http://’ followed by ‘www’. All website addresses are unique. They use dots It can be cheaper and easier to set up With more computers, this can become
 to separate each part of the address. unmanageable and expensive.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 5

C o m p u t i ng
 Week 5 Week 7 Week 9
 Wired and Wireless Networks The Internet Internet Services
 The internet is a worldwide collection of networks connected globally. Information can The World Wide Web and the internet are NOT the same thing
 Bandwidth Performance: travel between and within these networks. The internet is a vast network of computers all connected
 Test the performance of your current • It is the physical hardware, i.e. the cables, the routers, and other pieces of hardware together
 connection. used to connect devices together. The World Wide Web is a service provided on the internet. It is
 Visit https://www.speedtest.net/ • Any device connected to the internet is part of this network, for example: the websites, web pages, and links found on the internet. (the
 • Look at your download speed • Laptops • Games consoles • PCs • Tablets • Mobile phones
 • Look at your upload speed
 programs (software) that run on the Hardware of the Internet)
 What do we use it for? The Internet
 Questions: • The internet was created by the US military in the 1960s and was
 There are many uses of the internet. Below are some of the most common uses:
 • Are your speeds the same as your
 • Storing information (e.g. cloud storage) • Communication (e.g. email) originally called the ARPANET
 neighbours’? If not, why might that be?
 • Entertainment (e.g. streaming films, videos, and music) • Playing online games • The US wanted to design a system where information could be
 • If we were all watching YouTube at the
 same time, would this change the result? • Social networking (e.g. Instagram) • Online shopping • Viewing websites passed on even in the event of a catastrophe or nuclear attack
 • Data was sent along multiple routes and reconstructed at their
 How are networks in the UK connected to networks in the United States? destination
 By using Oceanic cables ( www.submarinecablemap.com ) • The system could keep running even if parts of it were destroyed
 The typical download speeds are:
 • 3G: 3 Mbps
 • 41G: 20 Mbps The World Wide Web (WWW)
 • Broadband: 46 Mbps • The World Wide Web is part of the internet that contains websites
 Download: Your computer is receiving and web pages.
 data (e.g. browsing a web page, • It was invented in 1989 by an English computer scientist called Tim
 watching online videos). Berners-Lee.
 • The World Wide Web is also known as ‘the WWW’ or ‘the web’.
 Upload: Your computer is sending data
 to the internet (e.g. putting a video on
 YouTube, posting a photo on Internet Services
 Instagram). • Voice over IP (VoIP) – audio calls • Email •Online gaming • World Wide Web
 Satellites are used to connect distant networks in some instances, particularly in remote • Media streaming (Netflix, Spotify) • Internet of Things (IoT) • Instant messaging
 The future
 locations where cables are not present, but it is not the most common way. 99% of
 • 5G is the next generation of mobile internet data passing across continents travels through cables that lie on the seabed. Email VoIP IoT
 internet connectivity. These are faster and cheaper than satellites. • Allows people who have • ‘VoIP’ is short for ‘Voice • The Internet of Things means
 • It is available now. EE was the first to an email address to over Internet Protocol’. taking everyday ‘things’ and
 release it in 6 cities in May 2019. Data Transmition - Packets
 • Networks send and receive messages in small units of data known as ‘packets’.
 send and receive • This allows voice data to connecting them to the
 • 5G has the potential to reach speeds electronic messages. be sent in packets over internet.
 • A single message may be too large to fit in one packet. It is often split into many packets.
 of 10 Gbps (1 Gb = 1000 Mb). • Each packet contains a part of the message, an address of where it came from, and an • Email is delivered the internet. • ‘Connectivity’ is the key
 • 20 times faster than 4G. address of where it is going. These addresses are known as ‘IP addresses’, and they are almost instantly over • It is cheaper than factor.
 • It would take less than 1 second to unique. great distances, and is landline calls and can • It allows the advantages of
 download an HD film! usually free. have many people on the the internet to go beyond
 Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
 • An IP address is made up of 4 groups of numbers between 0 and 255, each separated by a • You can attach call at the same time. computers and smartphones.
 Buffering full stop. e.g. (192.168.0.1) documents to emails • Many popular apps use • These connected ‘things’
 Think of your internet connection as a • These are unique for every device on the internet. and email multiple VoIP to make internet allow us to gather
 pipe, but instead of water, it’s carrying • Typically, this would be the address of the router that connects to the internet. people at the same calls, such as WhatsApp. information, send information,
 digital data. If you see the icon shown time. or both.
 IR
 here, it means that your connection is Packets and routers: HR 1 Internet of Things (IoT) concerns
 too narrow and the data it carries is not •A router joins networks together IR Your privacy: Your security:
 coming through quickly enough to keep across the internet and forwards IR 2 • IoT devices could be hacked
 • IoT devices collect and share
 up with your activity. An example might packets from sender to receiver. 3
 information about you, with or • Example: opening a car or
 be when you are watching a film on •Packets will be sent in the correct
 IR without your knowledge. This house door remotely without
 Netflix and it pauses, and you have to order.
 7 includes microphones, your permission
 •There are millions of routers on the
 wait for a period of time before it starts IR cameras, and GPS location. The Internet of Things has the
 internet. IR 6
 again. If this occurs a lot, you might •Packets can take different routes on IR 5 • Companies may eventually potential to make our lives much
 need to change your internet package their way to to their destination. 4 HR be able to learn everything simpler, but privacy must be
 to one with more bandwidth. HR = Home router IR = Internet router
 about you. protected, and it must be secure.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 6

D es ig n & Tech n o l o g y
 Week 1 / 2 Week 3 / 4 Week 5 / 6
 Drawing using symmetry Cardboard Modelling Surface Treatments

 Something is symmetrical when it is the same on both Making a model allows designers to visualise and test how a While a blank canvas holds all the possibilities in your creative
 sides. A shape has symmetry if a central dividing line (a product looks and performs in 3D and is a great way of world, surface textures offer an inspirational way to begin a
 mirror line) can be drawn on it, to show that both sides of checking a product’s viability. piece of artwork.
 the shape are exactly the same.
 Wet on Wet Colour Bleed
 Trace one of the images into your exercise book then
 complete the image by drawing the missing half, ensuring Modelling
 that the image is symmetrical. Focus on proportion and can be time-
 positioning of the facial features. consuming
 and
 expensive,
 but a
 physical
 model
 allows a Finger Print
 person to
 see and
 handle a
 product
 Splatter
 Wax Resist

 TASK - Have
 a go at
 modelling
 Bubble Wrap
 with
 cardboard Dry Brush
 and create Gradual Wash
 as many
 different TASK - Create as many
 samples like different surface
 the ones treatment technique
 above and samples as you possibly
 opposite as can.
 you can. Cotton Ball
 Dripping

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 7

D es ig n & Tech n o l o g y
 Week 7 / 8 Week 9 / 10 Extension Tasks (all weeks)
 Critical Analysis Critical Analysis Continued Colour Theory
 Critical analysis is responding to, interpreting meaning, and making
 critical judgments about specific works of art/design. Continue your analysis of the Alex Yanes sculpture “Amigos” - Colour Wheel - A circle with different coloured sections
 2013 - Mixed Media on Paint Gallons. Look at the images from used to show the relationship between colours.
 You are going to be analysing the Alex Yanes sculpture Week 7/8 & 9/10 to form your answers.
 “Amigos” - 2013 - Mixed Media on Paint Gallons. Look at Primary Colours - are the three main colours, RED,
 the images from Week 7/8 & 9/10 to form your answers. MOOD … YELLOW and BLUE. They cannot be made but when mixed
 together they make all the other colours.
 CONTEXT… • How does the work make you feel?
 Secondary Colours - are made by mixing two primary
 • Who made it (artist’s name)? • What emotions are being displayed in the sculpture? colours together
 YELLOW + BLUE = GREEN
 • What date was it made? • Does the colour or texture affect your mood?
 YELLOW + RED = ORANGE
 • What is the title? FORM… RED + BLUE = PURPLE

 • From previous knowledge organiser what do you • What is the work made from? Tertiary Colours - are made by mixing a primary and a
 know about the artist? secondary colour together.
 • What colours does the artist use?
 CONTENT… Complementary Colours - are opposite on the colour
 • Describe the shapes or forms you can see? wheel they contrast each other to have a vibrant look
 • What is it a sculpture of?
 • What kinds of textures can you see?
 RED - GREEN
 • What does the work represent?
 BLUE - ORANGE
 YELLOW - PURPLE
 • Is it a realistic or abstract sculpture?

 • Does the work tell a story or send a message?

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 8

D ram a
 Week 1 - Westward Expansion Week 1 – The Route Week 3 – Your Character Week 3– Covered Week 5 - Dangers
 and Mary Ellis wagons
 Facts to Learn: The Oregon Trail Facts to Learn: The Oregon Trail Task to do: In your Homework Facts to Learn: Facts to Learn: Travelling the
 was a major route that people took began in the town of Books write out your character Oregon Trail in the 1800s was a
 when migrating to the western Independence, Missouri and ended details. The main vehicle used to carry
 part of the United States. Between in Oregon City, Oregon. It stretched dangerous journey. However, the
 the pioneer's belongings was
 1841 and 1869, hundreds of for around 2,000 miles and through Include the following: the covered wagon. Sometimes
 danger wasn't from Native
 thousands of people travelled six different states including these wagons were called Americans as you might think.
 westward on the trail. Many of Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, • Your character Name and "Prairie Schooners", because
 them travelled in large wagon Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon. Surname they were like boats going over As a matter of fact, many records
 trains using covered wagons to Along the way, travellers had to the vast prairies of the west. show that Native Americans
 carry their belongings. cross all sorts of rough terrain such • Relationship in the family The wagons were made of wood helped many of the travellers
 as the Rocky Mountains and the with iron around the wheels like
 Sierra Nevada Mountains. along the way. The real danger
 • Age tires. The covers were made
 from waterproofed cotton or
 was from a disease called cholera
 • Names of the others on your linen canvas. The typical that killed many settlers.
 wagon and their relationship covered wagon was about 10
 to you feet long and four feet wide. Other dangers included bad
 weather and accidents while trying
 • Reasons for starting the to move their heavy wagons over
 journey the mountains.
 • How you feel the journey is
 going

 • What you miss from your old
 life

 • What you are looking
 forward to in Oregon
 Look on the Map on the separate
 Page. Copy and Learn. • Your hopes and dreams for
 Task to do: Remember the future Most of the settlers used oxen
 to pull their wagons. The oxen
 Mary Ellis were slow, but steady.
 Sometimes mules were used as
 Died - 7th Aug 1845. well. A fully loaded wagon could
 weigh as much as 2,500 pounds.
 Aged - 2 months A lot of the time the pioneers
 walked alongside the wagons.
 • Draw and colour her plaque Traveling wasn't too bad with
 and the people you imagine to the wagons on the flat terrain of
 be around it, when they say the prairies, but once the
 good by to her. settlers reached the Rocky
 Mountains, getting the wagons
 up and down steep trails was
 • Write what you think may
 very difficult.
 have happened to Mary Ellis.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 9

D ram a
 Week 5 - Supplies Week 7 – The Oregon Trail Week 7 – Native Week 9 Week 9
 and Other Trails Americans & their Moons Native Americans Oregon Trail Quiz
 Facts to Learn: The pioneers Facts to Learn: Although the Oregon Each Month is Some Native Americans were Task to do: Copy out the Questions and
 were able to bring very little Trail was the most used wagon trail, nomadic (did not live in one place, answer them.
 with them. When they left their there were other trails that led out The Moon… but travelled between seasons),
 homes in the east, they had to some were semi-nomadic, and
 1) Around how long is the Oregon Trail?
 leave most of their belongings. west. Some of them branched off the others were static (remained in the
 Jan Of The Strong Cold
 The covered wagon was mostly Oregon Trail like the California Trail same place).
 2) In what state did the Oregon Trail
 filled with food. It took over a which left the Oregon Trail in Idaho
 It is estimated that there were many begin?
 1,000 pounds of food to feed a and headed south to California. Feb When The Snow languages spoken in around 600
 family of four on the trip out In 1849, a guide was published Drifts different dialects. 3) What was the main vehicle used to
 west. They took preserved describing the overland journey to carry belongings by pioneers on the
 foods such as hard tack, coffee, California. Mar Of the Red Grass Religions and beliefs were very Oregon Trail
 bacon, rice, beans, and flour. There were reports of the trail being important to the Native American
 appearing way of life. Animism is a commonly
 littered with items that people cast 4) True or False: The main danger to
 shared belief amongst American
 off along the way. These included Apr When the ponies Indian tribes. It is based on the
 pioneers on the trail was Native
 books, stoves, trunks and other shed spiritual belief that everything, Americans.
 heavy items. living, natural or inanimate and has
 May When the Grass is a soul or spirit 5) Around how long did it typically take
 It took about five months for a for a wagon train to travel the Oregon
 wagon train to make the journey up Trail?
 Facts to Learn: The first major
 migration took place in 1843 when a Jun When the cherries 6) Which of the following states did the
 single large wagon train of 120 are Ripe Oregon Trail NOT pass through
 wagons and 500 people made the Nebraska, California, Idaho, or
 trip. Jul When the Geese Wyoming, Oregon?
 Festivals and ceremonies were very
 The trail was popular until the Lose their Feathers important to Native American
 ‘transcontinental railroad’ connected culture and were closely linked to
 7) During what century was the Oregon
 Aug When the Deer religion and beliefs. It was usual to Trail most travelled?
 the east to the west in 1869.
 In 1978, the U.S. Congress officially Paw the earth hold ceremonies and rituals to
 worship and pacify the spirits; the 8) In what state did the Oregon Trail
 named the trail the Oregon National festivals and ceremonies would end?
 Historic Trail. Although much of the Sep Of the Drying include chanting, singing and
 trail has been built over through the Grass dancing. 9) What was the main cause of death to
 They also took a few basic years, around 300 miles of it has pioneers on the trail?
 been preserved and you can still see
 Oct Of the Wild Rice Native American totem poles are
 cooking utensils such as a coffee large trees carved with figures
 pot, some buckets, and an iron the ruts made from the wagon representing faiths and beliefs. The 10) What was the main item that
 skillet. The pioneers didn't have wheels. carvings, colours and symbols on a pioneers brought with them in their
 Nov Of the Rutting covered wagons?
 room for a lot of fancy items. Deer
 totem pole have spiritual meanings
 They only had room to pack two and significance.
 or three sets of tough clothing. Dec Of the Popping
 They packed candles for lighting Music and dance were important
 and a rifle to hunt with along Trees parts of the Native American
 culture. Songs were sung at
 the way. Other items included important religious rituals, but were
 tents, bedding, and basic tools Copy out this calendar and also part of everyday life. They
 such as an axe and a shovel. draw or find images to go believed that music was the
 with each moon language of the spirits.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 10

D ram a
 Map of the Way West- Oregon Trail
 Study. Copy. Learn

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 11

E ng lish
 Week 1: Character and Setting Week 2: Power Week 3: Women Week 4: The Depression Week 5: Prejudice
 Inference: a conclusion based on Hierarchy: a system in which Archetype: a very typical Omniscient: all knowing. Prejudice: a negative perception
 evidence and reasoning. members of an organisation or example of a certain person or or treatment of a specific person
 society are ranked according to thing. or group.
 To aspire (v): to hope to
 relative status or authority. To segregate (v): to isolate or
 Connotation: an idea or feeling achieve something.
 which a word evokes for a To infantilise (v): to treat Aspiration (n): a hope or separate a specific group from
 Conditions: the state or others.
 person in addition to its literal or condition of a place; what a someone like a young child. ambition of achieving
 primary meaning. Segregated (adj): to be isolated or
 place is like. Infantilised (adj): to be treated something.
 separated from others.
 like a young child.
 To domineer (v): to bully or To emasculate (v): to make To oppress (v): to control or
 Semantic field: a group of words To objectify (v): to treat someone weaker or less
 that link to a similar idea or intimidate someone in an subject someone to hardship.
 arrogant way. someone like an object. effective. Oppressed (adj): to be controlled
 subject. E.g. a semantic field of
 Domineering (adj): to be a Objectified (adj): to be treated Emasculated (adj): to be made or subjected to hardship.
 danger: beaten, mottled, flooded,
 bully that intimidates someone like an object. weaker or less effective.
 flame, red.
 in an arrogant way.
 “Guys like us, that work on
 “Both men glanced up, for the
 ranches, are the loneliest guys in “The walls were whitewashed rectangle of sunshine in the “The old man squirmed “Being a stable buck and a cripple,
 the world.” and the floor unpainted.” doorway was cut off.” uncomfortably” he was more permanent than the
 other men”
 “he wore high-heeled boots
 Socio-economic factors: events “I think Curley’s married…a tart”
 and spurs to prove he was not “Candy looked for help from “Well, you keep your place then,
 that influence people’s finances a labouring man.” face to face” n****r. I could get you strung up
 and their relationships with “She had full, rouged lips and on a tree so easy it ain’t even
 others. “He stiffened and went into a wide-spaced eyes, heavily made funny.”
 slight crouch. His glance was at up.” Slim: “I wisht somebody’d
 In 1929, the Wall Street Crash once calculating and shoot me if I get old an’ a “Crooks stared hopelessly at her
 left millions of Americans pugnacious.” cripple” and then he sat down on his bunk
 unemployed. and drew into himself.”
 After WWI, many women
 As more migrants arrived in As a Capitalist country, American
 Migrant workers travelled from entered the workforce for the society in the 1930s was built around The Emancipation Proclamation
 California, there were far more
 all over the country, with over first time. However, with the the idea that people or resources are brought an end to slavery in the
 workers than jobs available. USA in 1863. However, by the 1930s
 half a million heading to Great Depression, many of the only useful if they can generate
 California in search of work.
 This meant that migrant profit or value for business. the vast majority of African
 rights that women had gained
 workers could be paid less Americans in the southern states
 were lost. The Wall Street Crash led to continued to be oppressed.
 Migrant workers, or ‘Okies’ were because they were ‘disposable’
 often met with scorn by widespread bank failures – savings
 In the 1930s, women were The Jim Crow laws of the 1930s
 When he was a young man, that had taken people a lifetime to
 California farmers and natives, broadly expected to return to were designed to segregate black
 achieve were wiped out. With little
 which only made their Steinbeck worked on ranches more traditional roles like of value to offer to employers and and white citizens. They touched on
 dislocation and poverty more himself and saw first-hand how looking after the home, raising having lost their savings, many many aspects of society including
 unpleasant. migrants and migrant workers children and supporting their elderly Americans were left isolated restaurants, waiting rooms, drinking
 were treated. husbands. and emasculated. fountains and burial grounds.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 12

E ng lish
 Week 6: Isolation Week 7: Dreams Week 8: The End Week 9: Key Vocabulary Week 10: Academic Phrasing
 Contrast: when two things are Cyclical Structure: a story that Tier 2 Verbs Start with a clear statement of you
 Human Nature: How human
 beings behave. strikingly different from each other. ends in a similar way to how it view and link it to context:
 begins. Domineer: to control or bully. Influenced by…. Steinbeck presents
 To isolate (v): to cause a person To juxtapose (v): to place two the character of XXXXX as XXXXXXX in
 Objectify: to treat like an object.
 to be separated from others. contrasting things side by side. order to skilfully highlight….
 Structural Echo: when an idea or Infantilise: to treat like a child.
 Isolated (adj): to have minimal Juxtaposition (n): when two things are image is repeated in a story. Identify a quotation that proves your
 contact or little in common with put next to each other to emphasise point
 Emasculate: to weaken.
 others. their differences This is perhaps best illustrated
 Segregate: to isolate. when….
 Hostility (n): unwelcoming To foreshadow (v): to warn or give a Denouement: the outcome of a
 clue about what will happen later. situation, when something is Isolate: to separate from others.
 behaviour. Explain what this quotation literally
 decided or made clear.
 Hostile (adj): showing dislike; Foreshadowing (n): a warning or clue means and what you can infer from it
 Aspire: to hope to achieve
 unfriendly. that suggests what might happen later This shows…. which suggests
 something.
 in the text
 Contrast: to compare in a way that Now analyse the methods Steinbeck
 “Candy joined the attack with joy. Lennie: “Live off the fatta the lan’” George: His voice was
 has used
 ‘Glove fulla Vaseline,’ he said monotonous. Had no emphasis emphasise differences.
 Steinbeck’s use of X could indicate….
 disgustedly.” Vs.
 Juxtapose: to directly compare in a
 George: "I think I knowed from the way that emphasises differences. Can you offer a secondary
 “‘S'pose George don't come back Slim: “You hadda George, I swear interpretation of the same method?
 very first. I think I knowed we’d you hadda”
 no more. S'pose he took a powder Foreshadow: to provide a clue Alternatively, this could also show…
 never do her.
 and just ain't coming back. What'll about something that will happen
 you do then?’ Crooks' face lighted Curley’s Wife: “I tell you I ain't Now explain what effect this has on
 later .
 with pleasure in his torture.” used to livin' like this. I coulda made the reader (what does it lead the
 somethin' of myself." She said Academic Descriptors reader to think/ realise/
 “An' what am I doin'? Standin' darkly, "Maybe I will yet." Carlson: “Now what the hell ya understand)
 suppose is eatin’ them two guys?” Indisputably: unquestionably. Steinbeck prompts the reader to …
 here talkin' to a bunch of bindle Crooks: “Nobody ever gets to because…
 stiffs- a n****r an' a dum-dum heaven and nodoby gets no land” Invariably: usually.
 and a lousy ol' sheep- an' likin' it If you haven’t already link this back
 because they ain't nobody else." Arguably: possibly.
 to context
 The American Dream is rooted in The ending of Of Mice and Men Significantly: importantly. This analysis would be further
 All the characters in “Of Mice and reinforced by the context of the
 Men” are presented as lonely in the Declaration of Independence, represents the conflicting
 Notably: importantly. time:
 which proclaims that "all men are philosophies in American society;
 some way, reinforcing Steinbeck’s
 created equal" with the right to "life, the comfort and compassion of Slim Remarkably: worth mentioning.
 message that the Great Now reinforce your point with a
 liberty and the pursuit of compared to the callous disregard
 Depression led to widespread second piece of evidence.
 happiness." for human life illustrated by Paradoxically: absurd or self- Steinbeck’s suggestion that… is then
 hostility and isolationism. Carlson. contradictory. further reinforced elsewhere in the
 In “Of Mice and Men”, Steinbeck In “Of Mice and Men”, Steinbeck “Everyone in the world has a dream text when…
 appears to suggest that the Great
 Diametrically: extremely opposed
 appears to suggest that the Great he knows can’t come off but he
 Depression has made the American to.
 spends his life hoping it may. This is Repeat the steps above to support
 Depression damaged American dream unachievable by creating a clear
 at once the sadness and greatness Unequivocally: leaves no doubt. your argument. Remember to always
 society to the extent that is has contrast between the aspirations or his link back to the question.
 characters and reality of their situation.
 and the triumph of our species” -
 become savage and inhumane.
 John Steinbeck

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 13

F renc h
 Week 1

 apprendre to learn, learning
 Week 2
 comprendre to understand, understanding Week 3
 sortir to go out, going out
 dire to say, saying que ? that, what?
 je sors I go out, I am going out
 je dis I say, I am saying la langue language
 tu sors you go out, you are going out
 tu dis you say, you are saying les maths (mpl) maths
 il sort he goes out, he is going out
 il dit he says, he is saying la matière subject
 elle sort she goes out, she is going out
 elle dit she says, she is saying la musique music
 venir to come, coming
 prendre to take, taking la science science
 je viens I come, I am coming
 je prends I take, I am taking le nom full name
 tu viens you come, you are coming
 tu prends you take, you are taking quel ? which? (m)
 il vient he comes, he is coming
 il prend he takes, he is taking quelle ? which? (f)
 elle vient she comes, she is coming
 elle prend she takes, she is taking combien ? how much? / how many?
 devenir to become, becoming
 l’erreur (f) mistake pourquoi ? why?
 revenir to come back, coming back
 la vérité truth parce que because
 l'Algérie (f) Algeria
 facile easy
 algérien Algerian (m)
 Week 4 algérienne Algerian (f)
 dormir to sleep, sleeping important(e) important (m/f)
 je dors I sleep, I am sleeping de of, from
 tu dors you sleep, you are sleeping Alger Algiers
 il dort he sleeps, he is sleeping
 elle dort she sleeps, she is sleeping
 l'équipe (f) team
 le bureau (m) desk
 parfois occasionally
 sous under

 sur on

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F renc h
 Week 5 Week 6
 le café café le bâtiment building
 le cinéma cinema Week 7
 l’église (f) church
 partir to leave, leaving
 la plage beach le pont bridge
 je pars I leave, I am leaving
 la rue street le jardin garden
 tu pars you leave, you are leaving
 derrière behind belle beautiful (f)
 il part he leaves, he is leaving
 devant in front of bonne good (f)
 elle part she leaves, she is leaving
 entre between haut(e) high (m/f)
 l'avenir (m) future
 nouveau new (m)
 madame Miss, Mrs, Ms, madam
 Week 8 nouvelle new (f)
 le match match
 l’allemand (m) German vieille old (f)
 monsieur Sir, Mr
 l’avion (m) aeroplane vieux old (m)
 encore again
 la lettre letter
 en retard late
 allemand German nationality (m) Je veux
 tôt early
 allemande German nationality (f) un chien!
 à l'avenir in the future
 différent(e) different (m/f)
 prochain(e) next (m/f)
 bientôt soon
 demain tomorrow

 Week 9 visiter to visit, visiting
 devoir must, to have to vouloir to want (to), wanting (to)
 je dois I must, I have to je veux I want (to), I am wanting (to)
 tu dois you must, you have to tu veux you want, you are wanting (to)
 il doit he must, he has to il veut he wants (to), he is wanting (to)
 elle doit she must, she has to elle veut she wants (to), she is wanting (to)
 dormir to sleep, sleeping le billet ticket

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F renc h
 Week 10

 aider to help, helping
 chercher to look for, looking for
 partager to share, sharing
 pouvoir can, to be able to
 je peux I can, I am able to
 tu peux you can, you are able to
 il peut he can, he is able to
 elle peut she can, she is able to
 savoir to know how to, knowing how to
 je sais I know how to
 tu sais you know how
 il sait he knows how to
 elle sait she knows how to
 le projet plan
 désolé sorry (m)
 désolée sorry (f)
 peut-être maybe

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Ge o g ra p hy
 YEAR 7 CYCLE 3 GEOGRAPHY – Tectonic Hazards Knowledge Organiser

 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5
 In 1912, Alfred Wegener, a German Destructive plate boundary: Plates Constructive plate boundary: two Focus: the centre of an earthquake Nepal earthquake (25 April 2015)
 meteorologist, put forward his theory move together. If an oceanic plate plates are forced apart. Magma rises below the Earth’s surface. Collision zone between Indian and
 of continental drift. He argued that moves towards a continental plate, the and the hot rocks melt, forming a Epicentre: the area on the surface Eurasian plate. Focus 8km deep. 8,632
 millions of years ago, the continents heavier oceanic plate sinks (called ridge of volcanoes and new ocean directly above the focus. dead and 19,009 injured. Worst in 80
 that we know today were joined subduction) beneath the continental lithosphere. Forms a mid-ocean Seismic waves: waves of energy. years. Temperatures fell at night,
 together into one supercontinent one. This creates an ocean trench. ridge. Richter scale: measurement of the survivors suffering hypothermia.
 called Pangea. The continents have Continental plate moves up to form Conservative plate boundary: Two magnitude or size on an earthquake. Landslides cut off remote villages.
 been drifting apart and together ever mountain belts. The melting oceanic plates slide slowly past each other. Recorded on a seismometer. Triggered an avalanche at Mt Everest.
 since. plate creates magma which rises to Friction causes the plates to stick Mercalli scale: measurement of the International aid from China and India:
 Lithosphere: Outer layer of the Earth the surface as a volcanic eruption. The together and pressure builds. As the intensity of the earthquake by $1 billion to help.
 Sometimes called the crust. pressure can trigger earthquakes. friction is overcome, the sudden recording the effect and damage it Christchurch earthquake (22
 Mantle: Much thicker mass of rock Collision zone: Two continental plates movement creates a severe caused. February 2011)
 under the lithosphere (about 2900km meet and push upwards to create earthquake. No magma escapes so 6.3 magnitude, 5km deep.
 thick). Rocks hot enough to deform high mountain belts. No volcanoes. there are no volcanic eruptions. Conservative plate margin (Pacific
 and move like plastic. and Australian plate). 181 people died,
 Outer core is liquid. Inner core is solid 2,000 injured. Over 50% of the city’s
 and made of iron and nickel. buildings damaged. Businesses closed.
 Oceanic plate: 50-100km thick. $898 million in insurance claims. Water
 Continental plate: Up to 200km thick. and sewerage restored by August
 2011.

 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10
 Magma chamber: A store of molten Eyjafjallajökull eruption, Iceland Tsunami: a large ocean wave caused SE Asia tsunami (25 December Managing earthquakes: People may
 rock deep within the Earth. (April 2010) by an underwater earthquake or 2004) have earthquake survival kits and
 Pyroclastic flow: a fast-flowing Started on 20 March when a 500 metre volcanic eruption. They are NOT tidal Indo-Australian plate subducting earthquake drills to practise what
 current of hot gas, ash and other fissure opened up. Constructive plate waves! beneath Eurasian plate. Magnitude 9.0 people would do during a real
 volcanic matter. Can reach speeds of margin. The eruption happened under A tsunami can have a very long quake. Speed of tsunami up to earthquake (drop, cover, hold on).
 700km/h and temp of 1000oC. an ice sheet. Dissolved gases in the wavelength that can be hundreds of 800km/h. 15 metre height onshore. Building can be made earthquake
 Shield volcano: gentle slopes forming molten rock along with steam kilometres long. You tend not to 250,000 people died across 13 resistant using cross bracing and sheer
 from runny lava spreading far e.g. generated from the melting ice notice them at sea; they increase in countries. Two million homeless. walls. Old buildings can be modified to
 Mauna Loa, Hawaii caused a huge column of volcanic height when they meet the shallow Indonesia and Thailand most affected. make them more resistant (called
 Composite volcano: Steep sides, ash. Areas were flooded by the water and friction at the shore. Now an Indian Ocean early warning retrofitting).
 cone shape. Form from thick, viscous Jökulhlaups (glacier meltwater In deep water, tsunamis travel over system.
 lava that does not flow easily e.g. Mt floods). Farm land was affected by 500mph or as fast as a jet plane. Japan tsunami (11 March 2011) Managing volcanic eruptions: Easier
 Fuji, Japan. heavy ash fall, poisoning animals. A sign that a tsunami is coming is Magnitude 9.0. Pacific and North to predict than earthquakes –
 Perishable foods were wasted as they often the withdrawal of water from a America plate. Epicentre 129km away changes in gases, deformed land,
 could not be transported into Europe beach. from Japan. Wave travelled 10km foreshocks. Communities can have
 e.g. flowers from Kenya. 95,000 flights inland in Sendai. Destroyed sea walls. evacuation plans and hazard maps
 were cancelled. People were not able Fukushima nuclear power plant prevent building in vulnerable places.
 to get to work because they were flooding – radioactive disaster. 18000 Some cities, like Tokyo, have hazards
 stranded. The eruption cost airlines people died. Total damages $300 guides educating people about what
 $200 million per day. billion. to do in the event of tectonic hazards.

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Summer 2021 Cycle Three | Page 17

His to ry
 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
 The Norman Conquest Why did Henry VIII break with Causes of the English Civil Events of the English Civil War The Industrial Revolution – Key
 Rome? War words:
 The 3 contenders for the throne When was it?
 in 1066 were William the Love
 Conqueror, Harold Godwinson Religious
 Henry VIII had fallen in love with 1642 – 1649
 and Harald Hardrada. Anne Boleyn so wanted to divorce Some MPs were worried
 Catherine of Aragon to marry Who was involved?
 September 1066 – Harold
 Anne. However, the Pope would Charles was trying to make
 Godwinson defeated Harald England more Catholic. He
 Hardrada at the Battle of not grant him a divorce. The Royalists were nicknamed
 Stamford Bridge. married a French Catholic, the Cavaliers and led by Charles
 Money Henrietta Maria and I.
 October 1066 - William the Henry VIII was bankrupt due to Archbishop Laud made Industry: the making of
 Conqueror won the Battle of wars in France and extravagant churches more richly They fought the
 Hastings. spending. If he changed the goods.
 decorated. Parliamentarians who were
 church from Catholic to Protestant nicknamed the Roundheads and
 How did the Normans keep then all taxes could be given to led by Oliver Cromwell.
 Revolution: a major
 control? him instead of the Pope. He could Economic change.
 also gain the monasteries’ wealth.
 1. They built castles: motte and Many people thought that the Charles introduced Ship Trade: the buying and
 bailey, stone keep and Catholic Church was too rich. Money without Parliament’s
 concentric. These were for permission. selling of goods.
 protection, to show the Power
 Normans’ power and to be All English churches were Catholic Population: the number of
 centres of trade. Political
 and so were controlled by the What happened? people living in a certain
 2. They introduced the feudal Pope. Henry VII did not like this. The Royalists believed place.
 system: He also wanted to have an heir to
 the throne, a boy, in order to
 Charles was appointed by The Parliamentarians eventually
 continue his family line. God (the divine right of kings) defeated the Royalists. Labour: hard work.
 and that Parliament were
 Faith unfairly trying to limit his Charles I was put on trial and Rural: areas of
 executed in 1649. countryside.
 Two of Henry’s close advisers power.
 were Protestant: Thomas
 Cromwell and Thomas Cramner. What were the consequences?
 Parliament believed that Urban: areas that have
 Many other rich people in England Charles was abusing his
 would also support a Protestant Between 1649 and 1660 been developed as towns
 Church. power and not listening to England was a republic (there or cities.
 the people. For example, he was no monarch).
 shut down parliament for 11 Urbanisation: when
 years. From 1653 – 1658 Oliver
 Cromwell ruled England. He was
 people move from rural
 known as the Lord Protector. areas to urban areas.
 3. They used fear and violence Parliament gave Charles 2
 e.g. the Harrying of the North in lists of demands: the Grand Agriculture: farming.
 In 1660, Charles I’s son, Charles,
 1069. Remonstrance and the 19 was invited back to be King
 Propositions. Charles II.

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His to ry
 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10
 Changes during the Causes of the Industrial Causes of the Industrial Industrial Cities – Key words: Industrial Cities – Key words:
 Industrial Revolution, 1750- Revolution: Revolution:
 1900: Labour: hard work. Disease: an illness that is spread
 Population growth Growth of banks by germs.
 Population increased from Banks were started in the 18th Profit: the money that you make
 Between 1750 and 1900 the (income minus expenditure). Waterborne disease: a disease
 about 10 million to about 40 century and by the early 19th
 population grew from 10million century there were over 400 that spreads through dirty water.
 million. to 40 million. This provided the banks across the country. Banks Terraced housing: houses that
 workforce for the factories and provided capital (money) for are joined together in a row. Cholera: a waterborne disease
 There was mass urbanisation people to buy the goods that entrepreneurs, who took out that killed 31,000 people in
 – In 1750 about 15% of were made. loans. Back-to-backs: houses that were Britain in 1831-32. Symptoms
 people lived in towns or built in terraces and joined to included diarrhoea, vomiting,
 Raw materials Inventors and inventions
 cities. By 1900 it was about the row behind. They had only turning a blue-black colour and
 80%. By 1850, Britain produced two Thomas Newcomen invented a one wall that windows could be sunken eyes.
 thirds of the world’s coal. Coal steam engine in around 1712. This put in to.
 was the fuel that powered was improved in the 1770s by Tuberculosis (TB): a disease that
 Between 1750 and 1850 the attacks people’s lungs. It affected
 steam engines and machines in James Watt, who invented a Cellars: a room built below the
 amount of food produced on steam engine, that could turn a people who lived in dirty and
 factories. Iron was also used to ground floor. They were often
 British farms doubled. make machines and railways. wheel much more efficeniently. damp and dirty. damp homes. Symptoms
 included severe coughing,
 The steam powered train was The agricultural revolution Entrepreneurs coughing up blood and fever. It is
 Privies: toilets which were built
 invented and railways were New farming equipment was Entrepreneurs were businessmen outside houses. They were estimated to be responsible for
 built across Britain. who were willing to take risks by shared by up to hundreds of about one third of deaths
 developed and machines began
 investing money to set up people from poor families. between 1800-1850 in Britain.
 to replace farm workers. The
 Canals (man-made amount of corn grown per acre businesses producing goods. Two
 waterways) were built to successful entrepreneurs were Cesspits: the hole dug Miasma: many people believed
 increased by 40%. that dirty streets and sewers
 transport coal and other Richard Arkwright and Matthew underneath privies, were
 Improvements in transport Boulton. sewage collected. gave off a poisonous gas called
 goods. ‘miasma’. They were wrong –
 The first steam-powered railway Growth of the British Empire most diseases actually spread
 Instead of jobs which were was built between Liverpool and Night-soilmen: people who
 At one point, Britain ruled around cleaned out the cesspits. through dirty water.
 based in the home or small Manchester in 1830. Railways 450 million people in 56 different
 were then built across the Sometimes they were not paid
 workshops, most people countries. British companies could by landlords and the cesspits
 Rate payers: people who pay
 began to work in factories or country in the 1840s and 1850s. sell their goods to people all over taxes.
 Canals (human-made overflowed.
 mines. the Empire. Britain also gained
 waterways) were also built to raw materials such as cotton from
 transport goods and materials. the colonies.

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Ho s p ita l i t y & Ca t e r i n g
 Week 1 Week 3 Week 5 Week 7 Week 9
 Fibre Water Main Food Groups and Nutrients are split into two groups. Nutritional Needs for
 Fibre helps keep the digestive system Nutrients - Nutrients are Macronutrients and micro nutrients. Teenagers.
 healthy. Soluble fibre dissolves in water
 We need water to stay alive. molecules in food that all The macronutrients are:
 and the insoluble kind doesn’t. • Protein
 Dietary fibre has many health benefits: Water is found in food and organisms need to make energy, Eating a healthy, varied diet and
 • Fats keeping active will be good for
 • It can reduce your risk of heart drinks. grow, develop and reproduce. • Carbohydrate.
 disease, diabetes and some teenagers’ health.
 cancers, and also help weight Keeping hydrated is important. In
 control. Food Nutrient Macronutrient - Macronutrients are Your teenage years are a time of
 • Fibre is also important for digestive addition to any water provided in Group (main)
 Function the nutrients we need in larger
 quantities that provide us with rapid growth and development,
 health - fibre bulks up stools (poo) the food we eat we also need to Vitamin A is and the requirements for some
 and holds water in them, making drink at least 6-8 drinks everyday energy
 needed for night nutrients, like calcium and
 them softer and easier to pass. It – more when we are active or Vitamins, vision.
 also makes waste move through The micronutrients are: phosphorus, is fairly high.
 the digestive tract more quickly,
 the weather is warm. Fruit and e.g. Vitamin Vitamin C is
 vegetables A and needed for the
 which is better for the gut and can Vitamin C maintenance of Micronutrient - The vitamins and There are a significant proportion
 help to prevent constipation. healthy skin. minerals needed to be healthy. of teenagers not meeting the
 Fibre can be found in food from the: Water makes up just over 2/3 of These are not produced by the micronutrient requirements, with
 • Fruit and vegetable food group; the human body and is required human body many having below the LRNI,
 Potatoes,
 for: bread, rice, lower reference nutrient intake.
 Vitamins and minerals needed to be
 • Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and • Maintaining body pasta and
 healthy. These are not produced by
 other Carbohydrate is
 other starchy carbohydrates food temperature starchy the human body
 group; the main source
 • Metabolising fat carbohydra Carbohydra
 of energy for the
 • Aiding digestion tes te
 body. Common Deficiencies
 • Beans, pulses, fish, eggs and meat • Lubricating organs
 food group (in the beans and • Transporting nutrients Iron deficiency is very common,
 pulses). especially among young women,
 • Flushing out waste and children, and vegetarians. It may
 toxins Beans, cause anaemia, fatigue, a
 How Much do we Need? 30g a day for pulses, Protein is needed weakened immune system, and
 for growth and
 adults, 2-5 years 15g per day, 5- Foods rich in water. fish, eggs, Protein
 repair.
 impaired brain function.
 11 years 20g per day, 11-16 years 25g meat and Girls need more iron than boys to
 other
 per day, 16-18 years 30g per day
 proteins
 Minerals,
 Iron is a mineral Vitamin D deficiency is very replace menstrual losses.
 To increase your fibre intake you could: e.g. Iron
 which is needed common. Symptoms include
 • Choose a high fibre breakfast for healthy blood. muscle weakness, bone loss, an Calcium intake & vitamin D are
 cereal e.g. bran flakes, or porridge
 • Choose wholegrains like whole-
 increased risk of fractures, and — really important to ensure Peak
 wheat pasta, bulgur wheat or in children — soft bones. It is Bone Mass is reached – setting up
 brown rice, wholemeal bread Calcium is a very difficult to get sufficient bone health for life.
 • Go for potatoes with skins
 mineral which is amounts from your diet alone.
 needed for the
 • For snacks try fruit, vegetable Dairy and
 Minerals, growth and Boys need extra iron initially for
 sticks, rye crackers, oatcakes, alternative
 e.g. Calcium maintenance of
 Vitamin B12 deficiency is very growth and muscles but this need
 unsalted nuts or seeds s
 strong bones and common, especially in decreases after age 19.
 • Include plenty of vegetables with teeth. vegetarians, vegans, and older
 meals – either as a side dish or adults. The most common
 added to sauces, stews or curries Boys need more protein and energy
 Oil and
 symptoms include blood than girls due to their later growth
 • Add pulses like beans, lentils or disorders, impaired brain
 chickpeas to stews, curries and spreads Fat is needed for spurt
 salads health, but in
 function, and elevated
 • Eat fruit!
 Fat homocysteine levels.
 small amounts. Many UK teenagers are lacking in
 • Add nuts and seeds to recipes calcium, iron and vitamin A.

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