Lincoln College News SEPTEMBER 2020
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Editorial Contents This has been a year that none of us will forget. Michaelmas term was as busy and COLLEGE NEWS 1 joyful as ever, as we welcomed a new cohort of Lincoln students and excitedly looked forward to the year ahead. Plans were made to celebrate the 40th anniversary of CELEBRATING 40 YEARS OF WOMEN AT LINCOLN 2 female students at Lincoln, and an alumnae exhibition, pictured on the cover of this edition of Imprint, was unveiled in Hall to mark the occasion (pp.2-3). We were joined REFLECTIONS ON MY FIRST YEAR AT LINCOLN by new Fellows, including the latest Newton Abraham Visiting Professor, Dr Alan – Dr Lydia Matthews 4 Garfinkel (pp.12-13), and a new Senior Tutor, Dr Lydia Matthews (pp.4-5). Hilary term started with aplomb, with the College’s first equality and diversity week, ‘Lincoln A COVID MOONSHOT – Dr John Vakonakis 6 Unites’ (pp.20-21), and the return of our popular lecture series, Lincoln Leads (p.22). ON BEING A DARBY FELLOW – Dr Sam Brewitt-Taylor 8 Sadly, this year’s programme was cut short as Covid-19 reached the UK and the global pandemic forced the College into lockdown in March. IN SEARCH OF RESPECT – Dr Gabrielle Watson 10 It is hard to put into words quite how this has impacted the College. Most of our VISITING LINCOLN: LIFE AS A NEWTON ABRAHAM students left Oxford at the end of Hilary term and have not been able to return. PROFESSOR – Dr Alan Garfinkel 12 Fellows and staff have been working from home, while our wonderful porters, interviewed on pp.14-15, have been coming in to look after the College in our absence. INTRODUCING: THE LODGE 14 Research projects have changed tack, with Biochemistry Fellow, Dr John Vakonakis, joining a collaborative effort to identify molecules that may halt the replication of THE JCR 2019-20 16 the Covid-19 virus (pp.6-7). Plans were put into place to move Trinity term teaching and exams online; a huge adjustment for both tutors and students, but ultimately THE MCR 2019-20 17 a successful one (read more on pp.18-19). Preparations for Michaelmas term 2020 are still being made, but we are planning to have all students back in residence, with LEARNING IN LOCKDOWN 18 social distancing measures in place. Following the uncertainty around A-level results and admissions, we are delighted to have confirmed the places of all undergraduate LINCOLN UNITES: EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY WEEK 20 offer-holders and we look forward to welcoming our new students to Lincoln (possibly the largest intake in the College’s history). They will be joining a remarkable LINCOLN LEADS AND THE LOCKDOWN EDITION 22 student body. The JCR and MCR have handled the disruption caused by the pandemic with impressive resilience, and have been supporting each other throughout this MY FAIR LADY – LCMS Report 23 challenging time. As well as moving social events and committee meetings online, the MCR also organised a ‘lockdown edition’ of Lincoln Leads on YouTube (pp.22), while ON THE RIVER – LCBC Report 24 the Boat Club has been holding team fitness classes on Zoom (full report on pp.24-25). JCR REFURBISHMENT 26 Many of our alumni have been directly involved in the Covid-19 response and a number are featured in a report on pp.32-33. We also have articles from Dr David DEVELOPMENT UPDATE 27 Walcott (2011) who has been at the forefront of the Covid-19 response in the Caribbean (pp.34-35), and Hilary Hutton-Squire (1994), the Managing Director of EVENTS REPORT 2019-20 28 pharmaceutical giant Gilead UK and Ireland. Hilary’s article on pp.36-37 offers unique insight into drug-discovery and development during a crisis. Tackling another MY LINCOLN – Santha Rasaiah (1979) 30 challenge brought on by the pandemic is Mark Kent (1983), the UK Ambassador to Argentina, who had the enormous task of repatriating British citizens from Argentina; COVID RESPONSES IN THE ALUMNI COMMUNITY 32 read about his efforts on pp.38-39. DAVID & GOLIATH: A FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 We were blown away by the response to our call for alumni mentors, and were able – Dr David Walcott (2011) 34 to create almost 700 alumni-student partnerships, many of which have continued to this day. You can read about the success of this scheme on pp.40-41. Equally COVID DRUG DISCOVERY: ADVANCING ON ALL FRONTS overwhelming was the generosity of alumni following the launch our Covid-19 Appeal. – Hilary Hutton-Squire (1994) 36 The donations we received, and continue to receive, will allow the College to respond to the pandemic and continue to support our students and teaching efforts. THE CHANGING FACE OF DIPLOMACY AND COVID-19 – Mark Kent (1983) 38 Thank you to all those who have supported the College during this difficult year. Never have I felt prouder to be part of this extraordinary community. ALUMNI MENTORING SCHEME: CONNECTION IN THE FACE OF ADVERSITY 40 Julia Uwins Alumni and College Communications Officer ALUMNI NEWS 42
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows College news Lincoln welcomes new Senior Tutor, Dr Mark Kirby to Tortilla the tortoise Dr Lydia Matthews write a history of joins the Lincoln Following the retirement of Dr Louise the Lincoln College community Durning after 13 years at Lincoln, the Chapel We are delighted to College welcomed Dr Lydia Matthews to The College has announce that the the post of Senior Tutor in August 2019. appointed Dr College has adopted Lydia previously taught Ancient History Mark Kirby to the a nine-year old male at Oxford, before spending two years as position of Child– Horsefield tortoise, Head of Administration and Finance at Shuffrey Fellow in named Tortilla. the Faculty of Theology and Religion. For Architectural History. During his four-year During the College closure, Tortilla has an in-depth look at Lydia’s first year as Fellowship, Mark’s research will focus been cared for by our Head Gardener, Senior Tutor, please see pp.4-5. on the College Chapel and Chapel Quad, Aimee Irving-Bell, who has a degree in with a view to publishing a book as Zoology with a specialism in reptile care. part of the College’s 600th anniversary Tortilla is particularly fond of escaping celebrations in 2027. Mark is particularly from his enclosure and making a beeline interested in why the College Visitor, for Aimee’s vegetable patch – much to Bishop Williams, commissioned and her horror! When back in College, Aimee financed the construction of such a grand will be joined by student helpers who and ornamented chapel when his own will all share responsibility for looking theological position was as a moderate after Tortilla. Calvinist. He hopes that the answers to this question will tell us much about the Q&A and book signing with John le Carré role of episcopal patronage in the early We were thrilled to be joined by alumnus seventeenth century and of the notions and Honorary Fellow, David Cornwell of decorum in church architecture and (a.k.a. John le Carré), for a special student worship. This book will be volume one of Q&A during Michaelmas term. In Oxford a proposed three-volume architectural to promote his latest novel, Agent history of the College. Running in the Field, David spoke to students about his life and career, before Introduction of a Multi-Faith Prayer and taking questions from the audience. The Quiet Room event ended with a drinks reception and As part of an ongoing commitment to book signing. Many thanks to David for a Book awards for Lincoln Fellows equality and diversity, the College opened memorable evening! Congratulations to Dr J.P. Park (June a Multi-Faith Prayer and Quiet Room in and Simon Li Associate Professor in January 2020. Located in Staircase 15, the History of Art), winner of the 2020 this space is open to all members of the Charles Rufus Morey Book Award for College community and welcomes those his latest publication, A New Middle of any religious viewpoint or of agnostic Kingdom: Painting and Cultural Politics views. It can be used for private prayer, in Late Chosŏn Korea (1700–1850). The peaceful contemplation, meditation, and Charles Rufus Morey Book Award, quiet time. issued by the College Art Association and established in 1953, honours New College website distinguished books in the history of art. In May, the College launched a new website with a more modern design and The College is also pleased to announce fresh content. The site has additional that Dr Sam Brewitt-Taylor (Darby Fellow features such as a virtual tour, interactive in History) was awarded the Ecclesiastical timeline, and College blog. We have History Society (EHS) Book Prize for worked with subject tutors and Fellows Christian Radicalism in the Church of to create informative course pages, England and the Invention of the British alongside student testimonials to give Sixties, 1957-1970. Read more about Sam’s prospective students a taste of life at time as Lincoln’s Darby Fellow in History, Lincoln. We hope you enjoy exploring the on pp.8-9. new site: https://lincoln.ox.ac.uk. College & Fellows | 1
College & Fellows Celebrating 40 years of women at Lincoln: an exhibition of inspiring alumnae In 1979, Lincoln College admitted women as students for the first time. It was a landmark moment in the College’s history, described in that year’s Record as the ‘most revolutionary change in modern times that has taken place in Lincoln’s history’. To mark the fortieth anniversary in The photos themselves were taken by An unveiling event took place on Saturday 2019-20, the College commissioned a professional portrait photographer 21 September, and it was wonderful to have photographic portrait exhibition to hang Robert Taylor (https://taylor-photo. so many of the alumnae in the exhibition in Hall for the duration of the anniversary co.uk/), who had successfully in attendance, along with their family and year, featuring a range of inspiring photographed similar exhibitions friends. Together we enjoyed drinks and Lincoln alumnae from across the decades. for both Hertford and Trinity. It was a canapés, as well as speeches from the Rector But how to decide who to include in pleasure to work with Robert and we and Alison Hartley (1980). This exhibition this exhibition? For this, we turned to were delighted with the final images, was intended to be the first celebration of the Lincoln community and asked for printed in black and white to stand many, with a fortieth anniversary event due nominations from alumni, students, staff, out against the larger permanent oil to take place in March featuring a number and Fellows. In total we received almost paintings in Hall. Hanging them was no of alumnae speakers and a special dinner 200 nominations, and a small committee easy task – they needed to be prominent, in Hall. This event was sadly cancelled due was tasked with creating a shortlist – a but not at risk of getting knocked by to the Covid-19 pandemic and we hope tricky job considering the impressive pool students sitting on benches either side to be able to reschedule at some point of nominations from which to choose. of Hall – but was achieved thanks to the next year. Despite the disruption caused It is testament to the strength of the careful attention of Robert and Lincoln’s by lockdown, we did manage to arrange a submissions that the resulting exhibition Clerk of Works, Julian Mitchell. virtual celebration on Zoom, with a panel featured not twenty, but twenty-one of speakers including Lesley MacKay (1979), Lincoln alumnae. Sarah Harding (1989), Lynn Shepherd (1982), We owe a lasting debt of Naomi Kellman (2008), Helen O’Hara The women in this exhibition show (1996), Adiba Osmani (1995), Sophie Evekink that success comes in many different gratitude, however, to the (2012) and Asha De Vos (2003). With over 50 forms. They reflect the diversity of women who from 1979 onwards alumni joining the call, it was a reminder our community, representing a range of the strength of our Lincoln community of backgrounds, ages, careers, and proved beyond a shadow of and the importance of coming together to achievements. Together, they show the doubt their intellectual and celebrate this anniversary. many possibilities and opportunities available, and we hope that their sporting prowess, and their We are delighted to feature the alumnae experiences and stories will serve to portraits on the cover of this edition of inspire the next generation of Lincoln value as members of the College Imprint. A list of names can be found on students. community. the reverse. 2 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows Dr Lucy Wooding Robert Taylor, few moments in a riotous Parliament (Langford Fellow Exhibition building to a gently indulgent afternoon and Tutor in History; photographer in a private study. There were Fellow Archivist) fascinatingly contrasted contexts and ‘Photographing personal stories. I had a wonderfully rich ‘Today, in the the women of range of experiences capturing this fortieth anniversary Lincoln College collection of characters. In some ways it year of women involved travels was a great shame that the adventure at Lincoln, our college is resoundingly from Macclesfield to Westward Ho! in had to come to an end. What a fantastic co-educational, and it is hard to imagine environments ranging from a snatched array of ability, achievement, and charm!’ it any other way. We owe a lasting debt of gratitude, however, to the women who from 1979 onwards proved beyond a shadow of doubt their intellectual and sporting prowess, and their value as members of the College community. It must have taken a lot of courage, as well as talent, hard work, and energy. This exhibition celebrates just some of those trail-blazing women who helped shape our college into the society we so love today, and who continue to inspire the next generation.’ Caroline Sarll (1983) ‘How do I feel to be included in this exhibition? Over the moon, teary, honoured – and validated. For a diffident Welsh Comp girl, who battled the ubiquitous impostor syndrome, this was a reaffirmation that ‘my lovely Lincoln’ not only inspires and values academic/career-inspired laurels, but champions maverick endeavour (raising my girls bilingually), life-changing activism (WAY) and familial success (elder daughter, a Lincolnite, younger, The Other Place). I still pinch myself thinking of my Hall portrait, rubbing shoulders with the other illustrious alumnae and the wonderful Chef Jim Murden. I feel I’ve secured my place in Lincoln’s history. Ineffable. Really. The sadness? There was a painful synchronicity to getting this accolade just after losing my beloved mum, who taught me, like Lincoln, that we gals, given the right education, really can do anything. Our early loss of my dad was the catalyst not only for WAY, but for my determination to excel. Lincoln gave me that chance. This is better than any Oscar. Thank you. My gratitude is immense.’ College & Fellows | 3
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows Reflections on my first year could write their exams if they couldn’t do these at home and our Librarian set up at Lincoln a postal loans and scanning service. Our tutors spent the Easter vacation rewriting their reading lists and thinking about how to get the most of online resources I joined Lincoln as Senior Tutor in August last year. I am originally and platforms like Microsoft Teams. from South Africa and took my first degrees at the University of While I think that it is safe to say that KwaZulu-Natal. After finishing my Master’s degree, I was awarded none of us would wish for another a scholarship to study at Oxford. I arrived in the UK in 2007, never term like the one just past, I have been deeply impressed by the remarkable having left Southern Africa before, to take my doctorate in Roman way in which all members of the College History at Brasenose College. have met its challenges. Our finalists in particular have had to sit their last exams After graduating, I taught Ancient at our annual Scholars and Exhibitioners in their bedrooms or at their kitchen History at Oxford for a number of Dinner. I have worked with the Bursar’s tables rather than in Exam Schools and years before joining the University’s Office to make sure our students have have said goodbye to their friends and Humanities Division. I really enjoyed the financial support they need. I have tutors over Microsoft Teams. I know that teaching and knew that I wanted to worked alongside tutors and our Chaplain we are all looking forward to the time continue working with students, but I and Welfare Coordinator to help students when we can invite them back to College also began taking on roles that focused who were struggling with pastoral and celebrate their success in person. more on policy and found these very issues and relied on the compassion rewarding. The position of Senior and cool-heads of our lodge staff in More recently my attention has turned Tutor really appealed to me because it responding to emergencies. I have enjoyed to planning for the coming academic combined these two aspects, working meeting with our alumni to discuss ways year, which will be like no other before closely with students and tutors while of ensuring that we as a College can it. The College is expecting that the also making sure that we have the continue to educate the most talented overwhelming majority of our new and best structures in place for promoting and able students, whatever their financial continuing students will be in residence academic success. background. In each of these contexts I in Oxford next year and will receive a have been struck by the care and hard mixture of online and in-person teaching. My first year has been one of two halves. work that the Fellows, staff, and students One of the great strengths of the tutorial I spent my first months as Senior Tutor put into the College’s shared purpose. system is that it offers great flexibility to learning about the College and how both tutors and students and this means it works and getting to grips with the These qualities have also been essential that we are able to adapt ourselves to the different jobs that the Senior Tutor does. in helping us meet the great challenges demands of socially distanced teaching. The second half of my first year was that the second half of this year has The ramifications of this are broad and spent trying to make sure that our tutors presented. The outbreak of coronavirus we are having to think creatively about and students had the support that they and the move to remote teaching and how to use the space available to us. needed to meet the unique challenges examination in Trinity term meant that I The College will soon look very different; that the pandemic has presented. have spent a good deal of time thinking as I write, temporary room dividers and about how we can reformulate the highly Perspex screens are being installed in the At Lincoln, the role of Senior Tutor is very personalised and intimate tutorial into College Library so as to allow students to varied and encompasses the role of Tutor something that can be delivered online. return safely to working there. for Graduates and Tutor for Admissions. A very important part of this has been In short, I look after the academic life of to make sure that tutors and students Although it may take some time before I the College, from the point at which a have the practical tools they need to get to meet our incoming undergraduate school student thinks about making an study and teach from home. Early in the and graduate Freshers in person, I look application for an undergraduate place, Easter vacation we surveyed all students, forward to welcoming them and all of right up to when a student graduates with asking for information about their needs. our returning students to the College a doctoral degree. Because the College’s Our IT Manager immediately got to this October. Next year will have its main purpose is academic, I’m involved in work, sending out laptops to students challenges, but if this last year is anything almost every aspect of College life and so who didn’t have a computer at home to go by, our strong sense of community I spent my first months at Lincoln getting and noise-cancelling headphones to will help us to overcome them. to know the different members of our those who didn’t have a quiet place to community. For example, I have celebrated work. Our Schools Liaison Officer began Dr Lydia Matthews academic successes with our students tracking down venues where students Senior Tutor 4 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows I have enjoyed meeting with our alumni to discuss ways of ensuring that we as a College can continue to educate the most talented and able students, whatever their financial background. In each of these contexts I have been struck by the care and hard work that the Fellows, staff, and students put into the College’s shared purpose. College & Fellows | 5
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows Dr John Vakonakis has been Tutorial Fellow in Biochemistry at Lincoln since 2013. Much of John’s research has focused on the malaria parasite and how it modifies the human cells it invades. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, John has been involved with ‘COVID Moonshot’, a collaboration with other researchers to identify drug-like molecules that might block the replication of the virus. The Covid-19 pandemic has upended Asia, 2002) and MERS (Middle East, 2012) Effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that all our lives in 2020, and caused ushered us into the era of pathogenic could be used in treating Covid-19 are incalculable human and financial costs. human coronaviruses, and accelerated sorely lacking and, along with anti- In just a short period between March research efforts to understand these viral vaccines, are necessary tools for and July, over 10 million Covid-19 cases organisms. permanently ending this pandemic. have been confirmed worldwide and Drugs are effective when they more than 500,000 deaths have been Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, strongly attack their intended target, reported. Considering how many cases are composed of a spherical ‘shell’ of such as a specific viral protein, while go undiagnosed, these statistics suggest proteins and lipids approximately 150 simultaneously ignoring the thousands Covid-19 may cause more deaths than billionths of a metre in diameter, which and thousands of other proteins any other infectious disease in 2020. protects the virus’ genetic material and present in human cells. To achieve this helps the virus attach to cells, primarily combination of potency and specificity, Covid-19 is caused by a new virus in the in the lungs. Following attachment, the drugs, which are chemical molecules coronavirus family, designated as SARS- virus enters the cell where its genetic much smaller than a protein, are CoV-2. Coronaviruses infecting humans material is ‘translated’ into all the protein designed to fit as closely and neatly as are by no means new to science, with components the virus needs to make possible to their intended target; literally, the first two such viruses identified over more copies of itself. A peculiarity of the chemical equivalent of designing 50 years ago. However, as these original coronaviruses is that most of these protein the perfect key for a specific lock. If the coronaviruses did not cause disease any components are not made as functional key does not fit the lock well, it will not more severe than the common cold, units outright; rather, the virus makes a turn it; the drug will not be effective research on them was seen as a niche single large poly-protein that needs to in stopping the virus. But if the key fits pursuit; indeed, the first international be cut into smaller, functional pieces. many locks, the system is not secure; the conference on coronaviruses, held in 1980 This step, of cutting the poly-protein drug may attack human proteins and be at Würzburg, Germany, was attended by into pieces, is absolutely crucial for viral toxic to health. just 60 people! Fortunately for our current reproduction and, thus, offers a target for predicament, the outbreaks of SARS (East drugs to stop the virus in its tracks. To walk the narrow path between these two cases we need to be able to see Molecule x0434 what the lock and keys look like, which in the context of proteins and drugs is the preserve of structural biology. Structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, ‘magnify’ proteins and drugs for us to extremely high detail; enough to see the placement J Fig 2: Example of NMR data used to assess binding of chemical molecules to Mpro. The hydrogens of molecule x0434 give just NMR ‘noise’ (green line) when Mpro is not present in the sample. In contrast, the same hydrogens give signal ‘peaks’ (red line) in samples of 8ppm Hydrogen frequency 6ppm x0434 with Mpro, when there is binding. 6 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows J Fig 1: Three-dimensional view of the Mpro To answer this question, my group used What then is the greatest danger surface, with the area of Mpro responsible for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments that would prevent such treatments cutting the poly-protein coloured in blue. that can measure how well chemical from emerging? Very briefly, lack of Molecule x0434 (beige spheres) fits in the contours of this Mpro surface as ‘key to a lock’, molecules bind to proteins in liquid perseverance. Taking a lead from for- but with lots of room for improvement. conditions, similar to those found inside profit companies, academic research cells. Surprisingly, we saw that out of is increasingly tuned to short-term over 30 ‘hits’ to Mpro observed in the outcomes where ‘impact’, preferably in of each individual atom within these initial X-ray crystallography work, just monetary terms, can be immediately molecules. Furthermore, they help four chemical molecules bound Mpro demonstrated. Niche pursuits, such as the us observe how drugs fit to proteins, strongly in liquids [3]. The lack of strong original coronavirus work, are de-funded thereby inspiring ways by which we can binding by the rest of these molecules out of existence. Following the original modify these drugs, adding or removing suggests that their fit to Mpro is relatively SARS coronavirus outbreak in 2002, 14 atoms at will, to engineer a better fit. poor, and so they may make for poor different promising chemical molecules starting points for drugs. Knowing were identified that could block cutting This, in a nutshell, is the aim of the COVID this we can thus avoid a large number of the viral poly-protein into functional Moonshot project [1]: to design a perfect of potentially non-productive drug- units; none of these 14 molecules were drug-key to fit an essential viral-lock. design avenues, thereby concentrating followed on towards drugs when the We wish to do so as quickly as possible, and speeding up our efforts to find an 2002 outbreak fizzled out, not even after ideally achieving a first drug candidate effective chemical molecule against the MERS outbreak served as a ‘heads up’ within nine months – an unprecedented SARS-CoV-2. in 2012. This failure of imagination has speed up of effort. To that end, research robbed us of having a coronavirus drug ‘in groups from the US, Israel and the UK, Of course, this work was just the start the cupboard’ that could stem the current including multiple laboratories in Oxford, of our efforts. Since then the COVID epidemic. Let us hope that lessons formed a spontaneous collaboration Moonshot project has tested, modified learned in 2020 will mean that in the to share ideas, tools and resources. We and iterated on hundreds of chemical future the importance of niche pursuits is use cutting-edge tools from chemical, molecules potentially targeting Mpro. In appreciated, and funding follows. structural and computational biology, our quest for effective drug-candidates, make all data available immediately we are now close to transitioning from Dr John Vakonakis to the public without considering IP as experiments performed in test tubes to Tutorial Fellow in Biochemistry to benefit parallel drug-design efforts assays of promising chemical molecules undertaken elsewhere, and harness the in cells and on the virus itself, prior References: 1. COVID Moonshot: https://postera.ai/covid power of crowdsourcing for both funding to testing the effectiveness of these and suggestions on how our drug-design molecules in animals. Together with 2. Identification of chemical molecules binding to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: https://www. efforts can proceed. With our designed many more Covid-19 drug and vaccine diamond.ac.uk/covid-19/for-scientists/ drugs we target the essential means by efforts that have sprung up worldwide Main-protease-structure-and-XChem.html which SARS-CoV-2 cuts its poly-protein in the last few months, there are good 3. Assessing the strength of binding into functional units, and in doing so we reasons for optimism that one or more by chemical molecule to SARS- hope to prevent the virus from copying of these avenues will yield effective CoV-2 Mpro: https://www.biorxiv.org/ itself. treatment options. content/10.1101/2020.06.17.156679v1 The tool the virus uses to cut its poly- protein is an enzyme, called the main protease or Mpro. Pioneering X-ray crystallography work done at the Diamond Light Source in Oxfordshire, in March 2020, gave us detailed views of Mpro with many chemical molecules bound to it [2]. These views provided COVID Moonshot with multiple starting ‘hits’ from which to tweak molecules to improve their fit to Mpro and stop the protease from helping viral reproduction, but there was a question: which of the different molecules that bound Mpro did so strongly, which of these ‘hits’ were the best starting points for drug-design efforts? College & Fellows | 7
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows On being a Darby Fellow Dr Sam Brewitt-Taylor was Darby Fellow in History between 2015 and 2020. His first book, Christian Radicalism in the Church of England and the Invention of the British Sixties, 1957-1970, was published by OUP in 2018. Ever since I arrived at Lincoln, I struggled College to go into debt. One of the Fellows ‘But what is it like?’ my family would to explain to people what I did without had to be from Oxfordshire; another ask, and I told them that during term getting sucked into a convoluted from the archdeaconry of Stow, or, failing time it’s like being a don with L-plates: explanation of what a Darby Fellowship that, the diocese of Lincoln; and the third looking over Perry and Lucy’s shoulders, is. The question is more difficult than it was for people from Leicestershire. The seeing how they do it, and trying to go looks because Darbys are an institution geographical restrictions were abolished and do likewise. I think the most striking of Lincoln’s own invention. ‘It’s like a in 1856. I began to breathe a little: I was thing I’ve learned as a Darby is quite how research fellowship with teaching,’ I free to tell people I’m from Worcestershire, much institutional memory sits behind would begin, hopefully. ‘It goes for five but I was no closer to raising my game in a successful history school: the extensive years. It’s less than a tutorial fellowship small-talk. calibration of the course, the careful but more than a stipendiary lectureship… selection of the brightest candidates, you have to sit on Governing Body.’ When talking to people within Lincoln, and the detailed list (never written down, Usually people’s eyes had glazed over by of course, it was always much easier. of course) of which outside tutors are this point, so I’d try to summarise – ‘I’m Perry Gauci is the VHH Green Fellow, and reliable and which are not. Lincoln’s Career Development Fellow in works on the eighteenth century; Lucy History’ – to which the reply was usually, Wooding is the Langford Fellow, and an In the vacations, by contrast, the experience ‘What’s a Career Development Fellow?’ early modernist. I’m the third musketeer, is quite different: this is the time Darbys I liked to say; I’m the modernist, I spend can focus on their research. The life of In desperation I consulted the College’s most of my time giving tutorials in early-career academics these days is official history, Vivian Green’s The British and European history from 1815. A usually consumed with ‘para-research’ – Commonwealth of Lincoln College 1427- closely guarded secret, which I only fully that is, writing grant-applications, applying 1977: Perry Gauci had presented me with realised after having been elected, was for short-term jobs, activities in which you a copy in my first week, announcing that that the list of professional historians promise to do research but which take no historian’s bookshelf was complete who were once Darby Fellows is long so much time that you never get round without it. Three Darby Fellowships were and intimidating: Susan Brigden, Jane to actually doing any. A Darby Fellowship established in 1537, I learned, and the first Garnett, Richard Drayton, Matthew frees you from all this: it gives you the Fellows were appointed in 1538, although Grimley, David Priestland, Rob Saunders, gift of time. My book was reviewed in the Darby’s trustees didn’t cough up the and Alana Harris, and those are just the TLS and won a first-book prize, and this promised funds until 1546, causing the ones I can remember. was largely because Lincoln gave me the 8 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows leisure to write it slowly. This was a massive into a welcoming community. The life privilege; thinking slowly is crucial for good of a humanities PhD student is often history-writing. In history as in many other lonely, and most of it takes place in a fields, the best books are the ones that library. There are some colleges which challenge assumptions so embedded that are clever but not nice, and others (not nobody else could see them, and it’s only saying which, of course) which are nice possible to spot those assumptions when but not clever, but Lincoln possesses the you have the freedom to take your time. happy knack of recruiting Fellows and students who are both, and this makes it Closely related is the fact that a Darby a peculiarly pleasant place to spend one’s gives you the gift of stability. The UK time. I have many happy memories of my humanities sector stumbles from crisis to time at Lincoln, from teasing other junior crisis, and the prospects for early-career Fellows over lunch, to Perry and Lucy’s academics are proportionately bleak. 67% annual history trips (usually to places of PhD students want an academic career, that involve ice-cream). Above all, Lincoln the HEPI recently found, but only 30% are history students ask the best questions. still in academia three years after they In my final week of tutorial teaching, graduate. The frequent necessity for young a student was sitting in a Disciplines scholars to move around the country doing research expenses, an institutional identity, of History tutorial and had a light-bulb a succession of short-term jobs hinders and a room of one’s own. For four years, at moment. ‘Actually,’ he said, ‘the concept of family life, or indeed any kind of life. I have least, it gives one very lucky early-career modernity doesn’t make sense, does it?’ ‘I friends who have clocked up hundreds of researcher the luxury of knowing what he can depart in peace,’ I said to myself. ‘My miles combining part-time jobs at different or she will be doing in twelve months’ time. work here is done.’ institutions. In this context, a Darby Fellowship is a refuge in the storm. The Finally, and perhaps most importantly in Dr Sam Brewitt-Taylor College provides accommodation, meals, experiential terms, a Darby is a passport Darby Fellow in History A closely guarded secret, which I only fully realised after having been elected, was that the list of professional historians who were once Darby Fellows is long and intimidating... College & Fellows | 9
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows In search of respect Dr Gabrielle Watson joined Lincoln College in 2019 as the Shaw Foundation Fellow in Law following a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship in the Faculty of Law at Oxford. She works at the intersection of criminal law, criminal justice, and jurisprudence. In prisons, respect is a mere slogan. The real value and potential of respect as Photo credit: Yingko/Shutterstock.com a critical and regulative ideal has been diminished by the tendency to treat it as peripheral to practical concerns such as target setting, the maintenance of order, and deterrence. What is respect? The book begins by attending to the some suggestions: among them, the deceptively simple question: what is idea that respect is both an act and an respect? It turns first to philosophy with attitude, that it is ideally reciprocal, that its rich Kantian literature on the topic, it occurs at both the individual and the and its core claim that every human institutional level, and is the primary being has a claim to respect no matter means by which to acknowledge a what: respect need not be negotiated and person’s intrinsic worth. cannot be forfeited. But contemporary philosophical accounts complicate Unsavoury punishment matters by identifying respect in a To write a book on respect is an number of ways: as a mode of behaviour, ambitious task, and I spend a good deal a form of treatment, a kind of valuing, a of time boundary-drawing in order to My first book, Respect and Criminal type of attention, a motive, an attitude, render it manageable. Perhaps the most Justice, was published in June 2020 a feeling, a tribute, a principle, a duty, an striking illustration of respect – or lack by Oxford University Press. It is the entitlement, and a moral virtue. thereof – in the book is to be found in newest addition to the Clarendon a case study of prison food from the Studies in Criminology series: the If philosophers cannot agree, it should eighteenth century to the present day. successor to the Cambridge Studies in come as no surprise that our prisons – Criminology series, inaugurated by Sir notoriously pragmatic in their approach The ritualised preparation and Leon Radzinowicz – the ‘founding father’ – have glossed over the meaning of provision of prison food is imbued with of British criminology – and JWC Turner respect. Yet empty appeals to respect considerable symbolic power, and its 80 years ago. distort as much as they communicate. pivotal role in shaping the daily prison When there is a lack of specificity in experience has been understated. The book offers the first academic study understanding and giving effect to of ‘respect’ in criminal justice in England respect, it does much to magnify the The dominant narrative in historical and Wales, where the value is elusive but status inequalities that have come to accounts of prison mealtime is that, of persisting significance. In this piece, I define imprisonment. It also shows scant pre-twentieth century, food was intended reflect on the state of our prisons. regard for the fact that respect – or lack to punish, debilitate, and degrade. The thereof – tends to be felt more keenly by eighteenth century may have epitomised Owing to some sustained – but ultimately ethnic minority groups and those whose the most indecent of prison conditions, unsuccessful – reform efforts in recent sense of belonging and social possibility where a restricted diet was an explicit decades, prisons regularly appeal to in society are precarious. feature of punishment. Part of the the word ‘respect’, proclaiming it as a reformative work of John Howard was to core value in official discourse. Yet, on As part of a reform agenda for the offer an incisive critique of the practice of closer examination, the modern prison’s 2020s, our prisons must be explicit in charging prisoners for meals, proposing relationship to respect is not as clear-cut their definition of respect if they are instead that they be provided with a as institutional documentation would to proceed according to – let alone daily allowance of food. Nonetheless, his have us believe. realise – the value. The book offers vision for respect was strictly minimalist: 10 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows ‘I am not an advocate for an extravagant brought it into line with a society that activity, and seemingly intractable and profuse allowance to prisoners. considered itself to be civilised. problems over repeated inspections. At I plead only for necessaries, in such a ‘squalid’ and ‘fundamentally unsafe’ moderate quantity, as may support In the decades that followed, prison HMP Liverpool, inspectors found ‘some health and strength for labour.’ (1777) mealtime was visibly transformed. of the worst conditions [they] had ever Prisoners were given increased seen.’ An impoverished regime, many cells By the beginning of the nineteenth involvement in menu design, and meals lacked even the basic requirements for century, the experience of imprisonment were gradually made available to those health and hygiene and the leadership remained unimpeachably severe. Prison with religious, ethnic, cultural, and and management focus on respect was meals had seen no real improvement and medical requirements. However, there is ‘inadequate at every level.’ It appears, consisted chiefly of bread and thin gruel compelling evidence to suggest that, in then, that respect remains somewhat of or broths. There was cause for cautious prisons in England and Wales, food – if an elusive promise. optimism, however, following the only implicitly – continues to form part introduction of prison inspections in 1835. of a penal strategy. Subtle institutional Although respect is a precious commodity, Prison diet became a national scandal attempts at degradation through food in our prisons, it need not be utopian. and inspectors made an explicit call for persist, and daily meals serve as painful It simply requires a degree of mutual food to no longer act as an instrument and periodic bodily expressions of the understanding when it is owed to, called of punishment. Advances were made power that the institution exerts over for, deserved, elicited, or claimed by in the quantity – if not the quality – of the individual. another. With a sense of modest realism, prison food but an instrumentalist the book sets out those challenges in line of thought endured, in part, due The National Audit Office has, in recent detail – and envisages the advances that to widespread public support for a years, noted concerns among prisoners could be made – in inscribing respectful retributive approach and the prevailing that standards for the storage and relations between state and subject. conservative ideology of the period. preparation of ethnic and cultural food were not met consistently. It seems that Dr Gabrielle Watson By the mid-nineteenth century, prison prisoners’ lack of trust in this regard was Shaw Foundation Fellow in Law food had once again been called into not unfounded. The Office has confirmed question, with leading physicians of several cases in which prisoners had Respect and Criminal the time recommending a substantial signed up in good faith to receive ethnic Justice (2020). Oxford reduction in portion sizes on the grounds meals, which were later found to have and New York: Oxford that the food provided was excessive been unethically prepared. Four out of University Press. and insufficiently penal. To provide food sixteen prisons were unable to store 256 pp. sufficient to ensure good health would halal meat separately from other meat be to provide conditions of relative and, in eleven prisons, kitchen equipment comfort, and the extremely poor with a intended for those with Muslim diets positive incentive to commit crime. was not labelled separately. Integral to more progressive Such incidents make clear that, in practice, developments was the commissioning respect is not always reciprocal, whereby of a Departmental Committee on Diets prisoners do not – even cannot – respect in 1925. Following the Committee’s those responsible for preparing their investigation into prison food, the food. When prisoners are denied ethically motivation to provide a nutritious diet prepared ethnic meals, they are likely to to inmates was firmly established. The become too distracted by the conditions following year, the Committee made of their confinement to respond respect further calls for a ‘more balanced and fully to prison authorities who so varied diet’ which included ‘the provision unethically denied them respect. of regular vegetables’, the replacement of prison ‘cans’ with aluminium trays and The elusive promise utensils, and opportunities for prisoners On 11 July 2018, HM Inspectorate of to dine in association in the hope that it Prisons for England and Wales published might cultivate in them a sense of self- its Annual Report, in which it documented respect. These reforms were indicative two unannounced inspections that of a newly configured relationship caused ‘deep concern.’ HMP Wormwood between the state and its subjects, and Scrubs suffered from ‘appalling’ living a sustained attempt to afford prison conditions, violence, an almost complete mealtime a visibility and form that lack of rehabilitative or resettlement College & Fellows | 11
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows Visiting Lincoln: Life as a Newton Abraham Professor Dr Alan Garfinkel is a Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Integrative Biology and Physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His research uses mathematical models as a scientific research tool, specifically when it comes to understanding cardiac arrhythmias. Alan joined Lincoln in September 2019 as the Newton Abraham Visiting Professor, and also holds a post in the Department of Computer Science. In this article, Alan looks back on the past year at Lincoln. I arrived as Newton Abraham Visiting Professor We showed There is nothing back home that even remotely this past September. The Newton Abraham trust approaches this. Most other places, whether you was established by Sir Edward Penley Abraham that fibrillation are a starting junior professor or a senior holder (‘EPA’), who worked on the development of was a form of of a titled chair, your life is the same: drive to the penicillin, and later, working with Guy Newton, office, work with students and colleagues, usually developed the antibiotic cephalosporin, still spatio-temporal eat lunch at the desk or at a nearby stand, teach in use today. The income from cephalosporin chaos, an or meet with students again, and then drive funded a visiting professorship, which includes a home. That’s it. Professorial Fellowship at Lincoln. orderly disorder brought on by I immensely enjoyed the collegiality of college life Before my arrival, I had visited Oxford a few times, (until the Grinch of Covid stole it). I’ve made good but I had never experienced college life. I was pathological friends at Lincoln, and plan to keep them up. I’ve a little stunned to find that ‘college life’ meant oscillations also begun a couple of research collaborations that I had been invited to a wonderful dinner with Lincoln faculty members. I have an ongoing party every night, with fascinating historians and (think Romeo conversation about mathematics in science with physicists, biologists and Shakespeare scholars. and Juliet). Paul Stavrinou (Tutorial Fellow in Engineering Science), and some ongoing research topics with DPhil students and postdocs that I’ve met through Jordan Raff (César Milstein Professor of Molecular Cancer Biology) and Matthew Freeman (Fellow and Professor of Pathology), both of whom carry on the strong connections between Lincoln College and the Dunn School of Pathology. The highlights of my year at Lincoln began with an invitation from the Senior Tutor to give a Conversazione, which was entitled ‘Mathematical Models in Medicine, Ecology, Social Systems, and Romantic Relationships’. I showed how dynamical models, couched in differential equations, can give us insights into the behavior of insulin and glucose in the body, or predators and prey in Fig 1: If Romeo’s love makes Juliet’s love increase, but Juliet’s love makes Romeo’s love an ecosystem, or, for that matter, a couple, call decrease, the two will oscillate romantically, forever. them Romeo and Juliet, who attract and/or repel 12 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows each other (see fig. 1). One of my big goals is to 100k bring an understanding of dynamical systems and modeling to audiences that do not consider 80k themselves ‘maths wizards’. Susceptible In Hilary term, I was privileged to work with Exposed 60k Infected Populations Waqas Mirza (2016), Angeliki Myrillas-Brazeau Medically symptomatic (2018), and Nuno Pereira (2018) on the Lincoln Recovered Leads seminar starring Lincoln alumnus Adam 40k Camilletti (2002), who is the Engineering Manager for the Exomars Rover Vehicle, a joint 0k UK/European space programme. The session, entitled ‘Who needs Space?’ discussed the terrestrial benefits of space exploration. 0k 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Also in Hilary, I gave a course in Computer Time (days) Science on dynamical systems modeling, for DPhil students in Physiology, Zoology, and other Fig 2: Time course of various variables in a simulated epidemic. Biological Sciences. We were thrilled that 51 students ended up taking the course, parameter values like ‘social which demonstrated to us that distancing’, ‘recovery time’, etc. there is a very strong market for and see how they affect the dynamics and modeling ideas in course of the epidemic (see the Biological Sciences. fig.2). By the beginning of Trinity, We were (just) able to give we were all, of course, in my Newton Abraham lockdown, but that didn’t Lecture on 12 March 2020, stop Angeliki Myrillas- the last day before the Brazeau from organising University lockdown, four remote sessions of among the dinosaurs at the Lincoln Leads (‘Lockdown Natural History Museum. Edition’, with me as the host), The talk, called ‘Medicine featuring four ways of looking and Physiology in the Age at coronavirus; we considered of Dynamics’ was recorded, the pandemic as seen through the and is available at https:// lenses of Literature, Medicine, Politics modelinginbiology.github.io. In the and what we called ‘Cognitive Epidemiology’ lecture, I talked about applications of (recognising that, as Angeliki put it, there dynamics to physiology, especially in are really two epidemics, the virus itself and my research on ventricular fibrillation, also the spread of ideas about the virus, equally the leading cause of Sudden Cardiac important to the epidemiology). Death. We showed that fibrillation was a form of spatio-temporal chaos, an orderly During the early days of the lockdown, the disorder brought on by pathological oscillations Fig 3: Ventricular Computer Science Department asked me to set Fibrillation (VF) in a (think Romeo and Juliet) in the electrophysiology up a page for school-age students who were supercomputer model of cardiac tissue. This is the research that I’m interested in understanding how mathematical of the heart. The colours continuing to pursue with the Computational and computational modeling was being used show the voltage at Cardiovascular Science Group in Computer to design strategies for intervention against the each point in the heart, Science (see fig.3). with red being highest pandemic. and blue being lowest. In the normal heart, a My time at Lincoln has been memorable for me. I The resulting page (Modeling the Spread of single wave of excitation will be spending a large part of this coming year, Covid-19 at http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/innovation/ excites the heart and 2020-21, in Oxford, and am looking forward to covid-19/) featured a dynamical model of the creates contraction, but renewing friendships and collaborations. in VF, multiple waves of interactions of populations of Susceptible, excitation (red areas) Exposed, Infected, Medically Symptomatic, course chaotically Dr Alan Garfinkel and Recovered people. The viewer can change through the tissue. Newton Abraham Visiting Professor College & Fellows | 13
College & Fellows Introducing: the Lodge When the Covid-19 pandemic hit and Lincoln College closed, the only staff who remained on site were the porters. In this interview, Joe Tripkovic (Lodge Manager) and some of his team describe their experiences of a college under lockdown and how they were impacted, both personally and professionally. Could you tell us a little about your Peter Koyio – I am originally from Kenya, and postal deliveries. Helping with any backgrounds and how long you have and I have been working as a night welfare issues and monitoring security been at Lincoln? porter at the Main Lodge for seven years. within the College grounds keeps us Bob Weatherhead – I have worked at I combine my Lincoln role with other busy too. Lincoln for nearly seven years, six years ad hoc roles within, and outside, the on a casual basis. Prior to that I worked University. In the last few months, I have The College closed in March due to the for thirteen years in a senior position in been helping with distributing Personal Covid-19 pandemic. What was it like in the corporate world for a major market Protective Equipment (PPE) around the week leading up the closure? research group. With only three years to University hospitals. I also do some pro B.W. – The week leading up to closure retirement, I think I have finally found my bono work at the Detention Centres, and was surreal. No one knew what to true vocation. at the Citizens Advice Bureau. All this expect with regard to restrictions on helps to fund my legal studies that I am movement and the like, hence three of Cristiano Da Silva – I was born in Brazil. I currently pursuing. I hope to qualify as a us moving into Bear Lane. There was a am half Brazilian and half Italian. I came lawyer at some point. lot of palpable anxiety around; it was as to England in 2003, joined Lincoln College if the dystopian nightmares of fiction in 2014, working in the Buttery, and since What do your roles normally involve? had come to life. This was particularly 2017 have been working in the Lodge. C.D.S. – Normally our roles would involve the case when a colleague contracted reception duties for the Lodge, fielding Covid-19 and was hospitalised. The Joe Tripkovic – I have been at Lincoln for phone calls to relevant departments, empty streets were depressing, and it five years after a lengthy police career dealing with any general enquires, and was worrying to see supermarkets with and a few years chauffeuring. receiving parcels from the couriers lots of empty shelves. Joe Tripkovic Bob Weatherhead Cristiano Da Silva Peter Koyio 14 | College & Fellows
LINCOLN IMPRINT | 2020 College & Fellows C.D.S. – The week leading up to the P.K. – I have now returned to work since What has the College been like during the pandemic was a bit concerning. recovering from Covid-19, but am more past few months? Everybody was unsure about was cautious than ever before. Together with B.W. – From being a veritable hive of activity, happening or going to happen within my colleagues in the Lodge, we have the College was suddenly very subdued College, but in the Lodge we carried on, kept up our cleaning every day: sanitising and it was depressing to see such a fine looking after our students who were everywhere and everything around the medieval building and excellent centre of self-isolating, and those still in residence. Lodge, and wearing PPE where needed to learning become somewhat redundant. We were also taking on new measures keep the College safe for our students and Indeed, it was possible to go through an and procedures in order to prepare for staff. entire shift without interacting with anyone. the difficult times ahead and to maintain On a physical level weeds proliferated and safe practices within College. the creeper covered the Hall’s windows. Out of crisis comes P.K. – The Covid-19 pandemic hit us quite C.D.S. – Within the past few months, Oxford suddenly and left us with very little opportunity. We have and the College have been like a ghost room to plan. It was sad to see the term town; no one around, with Turl Street empty end abruptly without us having time to certainly had opportunities and no shops open. College has been empty, say our usual goodbyes to our students, during the pandemic to very quiet and nature has taken over. especially the finalists. I hope that wherever they are, they are safe and well. examine how we operate... Some parts of College are starting to re-open and we plan to have students in Safe and well, unfortunately, is not what I residence in Michaelmas term. What are you managed to be. I fell victim to Covid-19. It J.T. – Whoever would have thought we looking forward to most about the College all started on 1 April 2020, when my body would need a ‘pandemic’ policy pulled reopening? didn’t feel quite right. By midnight, I had from the dusty shelves of the College? Not B.W. – It may take years for things to get excruciating aches and pains all over my me for sure! The planning for emergency back to normal, but I am looking forward body and a headache that wouldn’t go responses in the College has moved to getting to know a new coterie of away. I thought, as a precaution, I must forward greatly in the last two years, students; enjoying lunch in Hall; a pint or self-isolate. I followed the NHS guidelines and business continuity was highlighted two in Deep Hall; and welcoming visitors on what to do in self-isolation. I tried as an area we should all be aware of. and B&B and conference guests back to to fight whatever it was for 11 days. By Working from home and remote access the College. I never thought I would miss this time, I was struggling to move, and are now terms that roll off the tongue, chasing after tourists who had ventured breathing was becoming difficult. I ended and everybody knows exactly what they into Grove, or other private areas, but I do. I up at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. mean. Out of crisis comes opportunity. We am also looking forward to going home and Blood tests and swabs confirmed that I have certainly had opportunities during sleeping in a double bed – I have fallen out was indeed Covid-19 positive. I was later the pandemic to examine how we operate, of my student single twice! discharged from hospital. It took about and now how we incorporate those seven weeks in total to start regaining valuable experiences in to our working C.D.S. – Mostly I will be looking forward to my strength and feeling normal again. methods in the future. Resilience for getting back to a sort of normal. A kind of duties was key for the Lodge as we were normal College life, students around and How have your roles changed during the totally committed to keeping both lodges the old busy times. lockdown? working, with three members of the team B.W. – The porters’ role changed in moving into College accommodation. What will you remember most from this that we had to lift the spirits of those time? students unable to get home, and ensure Personally, the pandemic meant I had J.T. – My lasting memory of the pandemic the Lodge and immediate public areas to plan transport to and from work due will always be seeing our night porter were regularly sanitised. We also had to to public transport restrictions. My wife Peter Koyio suffering so badly with ensure those self-isolating were getting is a key worker in teaching, so we both Covid symptoms that he needed to be fed and in as fine a fettle as could be in balanced a healthy regime with ensuring hospitalised. This was an all-time low for the circumstances. we were available for work as much as us all, and in the wider College community. possible. Community spirit has shone Peter, and all of us, were and still are so C.D.S. – During the lockdown we have through for many, and we volunteered grateful for the many messages of goodwill seen less mail and fewer parcels being to deliver prescriptions, shopping, and and support. The Lodge team truly stepped delivered, as students are home and run errands for those shielding locally up to the plate by covering colleagues office staff are working from home. So to us. Keeping a distance from family isolating with symptoms, sanitising our roles have changed slightly, with an and particularly grandchildren proved common areas, and ensuring the College increase in health and safety procedures, emotionally so difficult. Now, well, they’re remained safe and secure at a vulnerable and also the security of our premises. back to wearing us out! time for so many. They are amazing people! College & Fellows | 15
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