MS Studies: Mississippi in the Civil Rights Movement - Independent Learning Packets - Tunica County School District
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Tunica County School District
MS Studies:
Mississippi in the Civil
Rights Movement
Independent Learning
Packets
April 27-May 1, 2020
Name: ____________Standard:
MS.8 Evaluate the role of Mississippi in the civil rights Movement. (Strands: Civics, Civil
Rights, Geography, History, Economics)
Objectives:
1. Analyze the significant figures, groups, events, and strategies of the civil rights movement in
Mississippi. 2. Examine the conflict between the Federal and State governments during the
civil rights era. 3. Evaluate the lasting impact of the civil rights movement on Mississippi.
Notes:
Day 1:
After the Civil War
• 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments gave former slaves their freedoms.
• 13th Amendment outlawed slavery.
• 14th Amendment protected ex-slaves from state laws that were designed to take away
their rights.
• 15th Amendment guaranteed former (male) slaves the right to vote.
• In response to these amendments, between 1875 and 1900, laws were created in the
South to separate blacks and whites.
Segregation
• Segregate – means to separate and hold apart from the group. In the U.S. it became
known as the legal separation of blacks and whites.
• Segregation laws were also called Jim Crow laws.
• White Liners – those that wanted complete separation of blacks and whites by
law. They gained power by the 1880s.
• Earliest segregation laws applied to rail cars, but quickly spread to banning blacks from
white hotels, restaurants, parks, libraries, waiting rooms, restrooms, water fountains,
and cemeteries.
• In 1888, a law was passed saying blacks and whites would travel in “separate but equal
rail cars”.
• Jim Crow targeted black voting rights through intimidation and cheating.
Constitution of 1890
• Focus was to remove black voting rights.
• Voters had to:
- Pass a literacy test (read any section of the Constitution) or be able to understand a
section read to them (to allow illiterate whites to vote)
- Pay a $2 poll tax
- Live two years in the state and one year in the voting district (eliminated
sharecroppers that moved frequently)
- These provisions eliminated black and white voters.
• White voting dropped 50% after the Mississippi Constitution of 1890.
• Voting laws were challenged in the Supreme Court, but it ruled that since they applied
to whites and blacks, they were constitutional.
April 27-May 1, 2020 1***Use these notes to complete the following…
1. Which Amendment outlawed slavery?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Which Amendment protected ex-slaves from state laws that were designed to take
away their rights?
______________________________________________________________________
3. Which Amendment guaranteed former (male) slaves the right to vote?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What did the South do in response to the 13th – 15th Amendments?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What word means to separate and hold apart from the group?
______________________________________________________________________
6. What was another name for segregation laws?
______________________________________________________________________
7. What did White Liners want?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. The earliest segregation laws applied to:
A. ___________________________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________________________
G. ___________________________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________________________
9. How did Jim Crow target black voting rights?
______________________________________________________________________
10. What was the focus of the Constitution of 1890?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
11. What did voters have to do in order to vote?
A. ____________________________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________________________
12. What happened when the voting laws were challenged in the Supreme Court?
______________________________________________________________________
April 27-May 1, 2020 2Day 2:
Plessy vs Ferguson
• 1896 Supreme Court decision that set the “separate but equal” precedent.
• Supreme Court said that the 14th amendment only required equal
protection. Therefore, as long as facilities were equal, they were constitutional.
• Segregation (or Jim Crow) laws spread all throughout the South after this ruling, but the
equal portion of “separate but equal” was generally ignored.
Origins of the Civil Rights Movement
• 1940s and 1950s laid the groundwork for the civil rights movement of the 1960s.
• WWII helped pull America and Mississippi out of the Great Depression in the 1940s.
• Black servicemen traveled the Pacific and Europe and saw that segregation did not
exist in other societies.
• When they returned, they would no longer stand for 2nd class citizenship.
Election of 1948 and the Dixiecrats
• Since the Civil War, blacks supported the Republican Party.
• Most Southern whites supported the Democratic Party.
• President Roosevelt and his New Deal attracted many new blacks to the Democratic
Party.
• In 1948 President Truman made fair employment for blacks a part of the Democratic
platform.
• Many white Southerners were angered and left the party.
• Those that left formed a new political party called the Dixiecrats.
• Led by Governors Strom Thurmond from South Carolina and Fielding Wright from
Mississippi
• Thurmond ran for President, and Wright ran for Vice-President in 1948.
• Wanted to show that the Democratic Party needed Southern support, but they failed,
because President Truman was reelected.
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
• This case occurred in Kansas (in conjunction with cases from South Carolina, Virginia,
and Delaware).
• The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) challenged
that separate schools could not be equal and violated the 14th amendment.
• May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was
unconstitutional and violated the 14th amendment, because they were not equal.
• However, they did not create a plan to integrate the schools.
April 27-May 1, 2020 3***Use these notes to complete the following…
1. Which 1896 Supreme Court decision set the “separate but equal” precedent?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What is the only thing the Supreme Court said the 14th Amendment required?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. As long as facilities were equal, they were considered __________________________.
4. What happened in the South after the Plessy vs. Ferguson ruling?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Which portion of “separate but equal” was ignored?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What helped pull Mississippi out of the Great Depression?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What did black servicemen discover while in the Pacific and Europe?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. What happened when black servicemen returned from WWII?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
9. What attracted blacks to the Democratic party?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. What did many white Southerners do after Truman made fair employment for blacks
part of the Democratic platform?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
11. What did white southerners do after they left the Democratic party?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
12. Who led the Dixiecrats?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
13. Which group challenged that separate but equal schools could not be equal and
violated the 14th Amendment?
______________________________________________________________________
14. What was the ruling of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
15. Did the Supreme Court create a plan to integrate schools?
___________________________________
April 27-May 1, 2020 4Day 3:
White Reaction
• The Mississippi government, as well as many of its citizens, defied the Supreme Court
order over school integration.
• Citizens Council – formed in 1954 of well-off Mississippi businessmen and upper class
individuals. They wanted to use economic pressure to enforce segregation.
• Legislature created laws to stop integration.
• Sovereignty Commission – created by legislature in 1956 to protect the states’ rights
from encroachment by the federal government. They promoted segregation and
discouraged integration.
Emmett Till
• In 1955, Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old black kid, allegedly made a pass at a white
woman in a general store.
• Two men kidnapped him, beat him, and threw his body in the Tallahatchie River.
• The men were tried and acquitted of the murder and later confessed to the crime.
• A national magazine ran an article on the trial, and it painted a poor picture of
Mississippi.
Winning Civil Rights in MS
• In the 40s & 50s, civil rights were fought for in the courtroom, but new laws were not
enforced.
• In the 1960s, the battle for Civil Rights went into the streets.
• Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. introduced nonviolence as a form of protest.
• Rev. King and his followers purposely refused to obey segregation laws.
• Nonviolence was put to the test in Montgomery, AL, in 1955 when Rosa Parks refused
to ride in the rear of the bus. King and others boycotted the bus system for 1 year
(Montgomery Bus Boycott).
Sit-Ins & Freedom Riders
• Sit-In – group of protesters sit in a public place and refuse to leave.
• Wade-in occurred on the Biloxi beach.
• 1961 “Freedom Riders” rode through Mississippi and Alabama challenging the
segregated bus system. They faced violence and arrests.
• Freedom Schools – schools created to teach blacks how to pass the voting
requirements in Mississippi.
James Meredith and Ole Miss Crisis
• James Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of MS (Ole Miss) in 1961, but was
denied.
• September 10, 1962, U.S. Supreme Court ordered that he be accepted.
• Governor Barnett fought the decision to allow Meredith to integrate the school.
• A riot erupted on the day of Meredith’s enrollment.
• Two people died, and many were injured.
• Meredith was enrolled and graduated in 1963.
April 27-May 1, 2020 5Medgar Evers
• Mississippi’s most popular and well known civil rights leader was Medgar Evers.
• Evers was the field secretary for the NAACP.
• He was shot and killed on June 12, 1963 by Byron de la Beckwith.
• Beckwith was tried twice and not convicted.
• Beckwith was re-tried in 1994 and convicted.
***Use these notes to complete the following…
1. Did Mississippi comply with the Supreme Court order over school integration?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What was formed in 1954 by well-off businessmen and upper class individuals?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What did the Citizens Council want to use to enforce segregation?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What was created by the legislature in 1956 to protect the states’ rights from
encroachment by the federal government?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. What was Emmett Till accused of doing?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What happened to Emmett Till?
______________________________________________________________________
7. What happened to the men accused of murdering Emmett Till?
______________________________________________________________________
8. Who introduced nonviolence as a form of protest?
______________________________________________________________________
9. What did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his followers do?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. Who refused to ride in the rear of the bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955?
______________________________________________________________________
11. How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?
______________________________________________________________________
12. What is a sit-in?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
13. What did the Freedom Riders do?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
14. What were Freedom Schools?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
15. Who tried to enroll in Ole Miss, but was denied?
______________________________________________________________________
16. Who was Mississippi’s most popular and well known Civil Rights leader?
______________________________________________________________________
April 27-May 1, 2020 6Day 4:
Freedom Summer 1964
• “Freedom Summer” – Summer of 1964, many young college students came to
Mississippi from around the country to help blacks.
• They were called “troublemakers” or “outside agitators” by many white Mississippians.
• The long dormant KKK reemerged in 1964 and violence dominated the summer.
• Fannie Lou Hamer helped to found the Freedom Democratic Party.
Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman (Freedom Summer 1964)
• Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman were civil rights workers in Mississippi during 1964.
• On June 21, 1964, the three of them went missing in Neshoba County.
• Chaney was a black Mississippian, but Schwerner and Goodman were white
Northerners.
• Drew national attention
• The bodies were discovered in an earthen dam forty days later.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
• Party formed in 1964.
• Challenged the all-white Democratic Party of Mississippi as the delegate from
Mississippi at the Democratic National Convention
• The National Convention suggested that both parties represent Mississippi and share a
vote, but the regular Democratic Party refused and left the Convention.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1965
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed segregation of public places and put economic
pressure on discriminatory agencies.
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Ended discrimination in voting
- Struck down state voting requirements that discriminated against blacks
***Use these notes to complete the following…
1. What was Freedom Summer?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who helped found the Freedom Democratic Party?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What happened to the three Civil Rights workers, Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman?
____________________________________________________________________
4. What did the Mississippi Freedom Party do at the Democratic National Convention?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What did the regular Democratic party do when the National Convention suggested that
both parties represent Mississippi?
______________________________________________________________________
6. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
______________________________________________________________________
7. What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?
______________________________________________________________________
April 27-May 1, 2020 7Day 5:
Mississippi Studies
Mississippi in the Civil Rights Movement
Open Notes
Quiz #5
1. Which Amendment outlawed slavery?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Which Amendment protected ex-slaves from state laws that were designed to take
away their rights?
______________________________________________________________________
3. Which Amendment guaranteed former (male) slaves the right to vote?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What word means to separate and hold apart from the group?
______________________________________________________________________
5. What was another name for segregation laws?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which 1896 Supreme Court decision set the “separate but equal” precedent?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. Which portion of “separate but equal” was ignored?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. What helped pull Mississippi out of the Great Depression?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
9. Which group claimed that “separate but equal” schools could not be equal and violated
the 14th Amendment?
______________________________________________________________________
10. What was the ruling of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
11. Did Mississippi comply with the Supreme Court order over school integration?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. What happened to Emmett Till?
______________________________________________________________________
13. Who introduced nonviolence as a form of protest?
______________________________________________________________________
14. What is a sit-in?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
15. What did the Freedom Riders do?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
16. What were Freedom Schools?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
17. Who tried to enroll in Ole Miss, but was denied?
______________________________________________________________________
April 27-May 1, 2020 818. Who was Mississippi’s most popular and well known Civil Rights leader?
______________________________________________________________________
19. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
______________________________________________________________________
20. What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?
______________________________________________________________________
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