OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen

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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
Working Party on Bio-, Nano- and Converging Technologies (BNCT)

                 19 & 20 May 2021
    OECD Virtual Workshop
           hosted by the Swiss Delegation

                                                                  oe.cd/BNCT-ZurichEvent
OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
NEURO
TECHNOLOGY
IN AND FOR SOCIETY

                                                                    Agenda outline

          Day 1                                                               Day 2
          Wednesday, 19 May 2021 (13h00-16h30 CEST)                           Thursday, 20 May 2021 (13h00-16h45 CEST)

          13h00-13h15                                                         13h00-13h05
          Opening by the Chair and welcome messages                           Welcome and summary of day 1

          13h15-14h00 - keynote                                               13h05-13h35 - keynote
          Economic stakes and potential health impacts of neurotechnologies   Convergence of neurotechnology with other emerging technologies

          14h00-15h00 - panel                                                 13h35-14h55 - panel
          Building institutional capacity to implement the Recommendation –   Promoting stewardship and trust across the public and private sector
          the Swiss experience
                                                                              14h55-15h05 - break
          15h00-15h10 - break
                                                                              15h05-15h25 - expert talk
          15h10-16h30 - panel                                                 Monitoring implementation activities - towards the development of
          Enabling societal deliberation on neurotechnology                   indicators

                                                                              15h25-16h35 - roundtable
                                                                              Next steps in the implementation of the Recommendation

                                                                              16h35-16h45
                                                                              Closing remarks and next steps

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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
NEURO
TECHNOLOGY
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                                                                      Workshop overview

            Neurotechnology has great potential for improving societal health and
            well-being. Yet, just as with many other emerging technologies, it faces
            ethical, legal, and social challenges (ELSI). In the absence of international
            instruments in this field, the OECD Council adopted a Recommendation
            on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology in December 2019.

            This two-day virtual workshop on 19-20 May 2021 is hosted by the Swiss
            Delegation in Zurich and focuses on issues of societal deliberation,
            stewardship and trust that are vital in the notion of Neurotechnology in
            and for society. It focuses on Principle 5 (Enable societal deliberation on
            neurotechnology) and Principle 8 (Promote cultures of stewardship and
            trust in neurotechnology across the public and private sector) in the
            Recommendation.

            Workshop objectives
            ► Share initiatives, good practices and experiences related to Principles 5
            and 8 of the Recommendation;
            ► Engage stakeholders in a critical discussion on what worked and what
            needs to be improved to implement the Recommendation;
            ► Explore how the Recommendation fits with and could be implemented
            in national and transnational activities in the future;
            ► Generate insights which inform guidance resources for adherents and
            fuel future discussions.
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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
NEURO
TECHNOLOGY
IN AND FOR SOCIETY

          Opening by the Chair, welcome messages and commentaries
          19 May 2021, 13h00-13h15 CEST

         FRANÇOISE   Chairperson of the committee "Safety, Security and Risks", Ministry of Economy and Finances, France;
                     Chair of the BNCT Working Party, OECD
            ROURE
                     Dr. Françoise Roure holds PhDs in Industrial Economics and International Economics, University Paris-I Pantheon
                     Sorbonne. Formerly, Françoise Roure was Secretary-General at the French National Regulatory Authority for Electronic
                     Communications and Head of International and European Relations at the Directorate General for Energy and Raw
                     Materials, Ministry in Charge of Industry.

             Chair

            ANDREW   Director, Directorate for Science,                   MARTINA        State Secretary, State Secretariat for Education,
           WYCKOFF   Technology and Innovation (STI), OECD               HIRAYAMA        Research and Innovation, Switzerland

                     Andrew Wyckoff is the Director of the OECD’s                        Dr. Martina Hirayama is State Secretary for
                     Directorate    for   Science,   Technology    and                   Education, Research and Innovation. She was
                     Innovation (STI) where he oversees OECD’s                           leading professor of the department of polymer
                     work   on     innovation,   business   dynamics,                    materials at ZHAW, developed and managed the
                     science     and   technology,   information   and                   Institute of Materials and Process Engineering at
                     communication technology policy as well as                          ZHAW and was director of the ZHAW School of
                     the statistical work associated with each of                        Engineering.
                     these areas. Andrew Wyckoff holds a BA in
                     Economics from the University of Vermont, and
                     a Master of Public Policy from the JFK School
                     of Government, Harvard University.
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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
NEURO
TECHNOLOGY
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          Keynote: Economic stakes and potential health impacts of neurotechnologies
          19 May 2021, 13h15-14h00 CEST

                TOM    Chief Innovation Officer, Schmidt Futures,              DAVID     Senior Policy Analyst, BNCT Secretary, Science
                       USA                                                 WINICKOFF     and Technology Policy Division (STP), OECD,
               KALIL
                                                                                         France

                       Tom    Kalil   leads   initiatives   to   harness                 David Winickoff is a Harvard trained lawyer. He
                       technology for societal challenges, improve                       leads work on the responsible development of
                       science policy, and identify and pursue 21st                      emerging technologies      in    areas    such     as
                       century moonshots. He served during the                           synthetic biology, neurotechnology, gene editing,
                       Obama administration as Deputy Director for                       and the bioeconomy. He came to the OECD from
            Speaker                                                          Moderator
                       Technology and Innovation for the White                           a   tenured   professorship      in   bioethics    at
                       House Office of Science and Technology Policy                     University of California, Berkeley, where he
                       and Senior Advisor for Science, Technology                        directed   the   Program        on    Science     and
                       and Innovation for the National Economic                          Technology Studies. He is also an Affiliated
                       Council.                                                          Professor of Law at the SciencesPo École de
                                                                                         Droit where he teaches the governance of
                                                                                         emerging technologies.

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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
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TECHNOLOGY
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          Panel 1: Building institutional capacity to implement the Recommendation – the Swiss experience
          19 May 2021, 14h00-15h00 CEST

           MARCELLO Senior Researcher, Department of Health Sciences                             Guiding questions
              IENCA and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland

                        Dr. Marcello Ienca is a senior research fellow at the    ► What contextual factors can facilitate the
                        Department of Health Science and Technology, and         implementation of the OECD Recommendation in
                        a member of the Competence for Rehabilitation            Switzerland?
                        Engineering & Science at ETH Zurich, Switzerland.        ► How can the perspectives of different stakeholders
                        Dr. Ienca has recently been awarded a ERA-NET            be harmonised?
                        Neuron grant for the project entitled "Hybrid Minds":    ► What considerations should be prioritised to ensure
            Moderator
                        Experiential, ethical and legal investigation of         a participative and successful implementation
                        intelligent neuroprostheses. Together with co-PIs        strategy?
                        from Germany and Canada he will investigate, in          ► How can the Recommendation contribute to
                                                                                 accelerating personalised health in Switzerland and
                        2021-2025, the interaction between human and
                                                                                 beyond?
                        artificial cognition through neural interfaces and the
                                                                                 ► How can the Recommendation contribute to the
                        resulting   experiential,    ethical    and    policy
                                                                                 successful clinical translation of neurotechnology?
                        implications.

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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
NEURO
TECHNOLOGY
IN AND FOR SOCIETY

          Panel 1: Building institutional capacity to implement the Recommendation – the Swiss experience
          19 May 2021, 14h00-15h00 CEST

          ANTONELLA Head of stakeholder engagement for                                  RICARDO Senior Researcher, Zurich University of Applied
        SANTUCCIONE Alzheimer’s disease at Biogen; CEO of the                       CHAVARRIAGA Sciences (ZHAW); Chair of Working group on
            CHADHA Women's Brain Project, Switzerland                                                Neurotechnologies for brain-machine
                                                                                                     interfacing, IEEE Standards Association
                         Dr. Antonella Santuccione Chadha is a medical                               Dr. Ricardo Chavarriaga is neuroengineer. From
                         doctor   with   expertise    in    clinical   pathology,                    2019 until present, he has been Executive-in-
                         neuroscience and psychiatric disorders. She is head                         Residence at the Geneva Center for Security Policy
                         of stakeholder engagement for Alzheimer’s disease                           in Switzerland. From 2017 until present, Ricardo
                         at Biogen. She is co-founder and CEO of the non-                            Chavarriaga has been the Chair of the Working
                         profit organization “Women’s Brain Project” which                           group on Neurotechnologies for brain-machine
                         is addressing the influence of sex and gender on                            interfacing at the IEEE Standards Association.
                         mental and brain diseases.

                 REA Future Health Technologies, Senior Programm                            MARY CEO, Wyss Center for Bio and
              LEHNER Manager, ETH Zürich, Switzerland                                     TOLIKAS Neuroengineering, Switzerland
                         Dr. Rea Lehner received her degrees in Biology,                             Dr. Mary Tolikas holds PhD degrees in Electrical
                         Human Movement Science and Neuroscience                                     Engineering and Computer Science from the
                         from the University of Berne and ETH Zurich,                                Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an
                         where she continued her research at the Neural                              MBA degree from the MIT. She was instrumental in
                         Control of Movement lab as a postdoctoral                                   the launching and growth of the Wyss Institute for
                         researcher. She has contributed substantially to                            Biologically    Inspired   Engineering   at   Harvard
                         the   development     of     the     Future    Health                       University where she spent almost ten years in the
                         Technologies    research     programme        at   the                      leadership team as Operations Director. She
                         Singapore-ETH Centre.                                                       focuses on neuroscience research and clinical
                                                                                                     applications.
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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
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          Panel 2: Enabling societal deliberation on neurotechnology
          19 May 2021, 15h10-16h30 CEST

             CLAUDIA Policy Analyst, Open and Innovative Government                                      Guiding questions
            CHWALISZ Division, OECD, France
                         Claudia Chwalisz leads the OECD’s work on               ► What are open communication approaches that have worked
                         innovative citizen participation, which explores        to promote neurotech literacy across different communities?
                         the paradigm change underway towards a                  ► What are success factors and potential pitfalls for multi-
                         more      participatory,    deliberative,      and      stakeholder dialogue?
                         collaborative governance. Besides research,             ► How to integrate results from dialog into decision making
            Moderator
                         her work at the OECD involves coordinating the          processes and public policy?
                         Innovative Citizen Participation Network of             ► Can you give examples of stakeholder engagement processes
                         leading international practitioners, academics,         that were fair, transparent and predictable?
                         public servants, and designers, as well as              ► What are good practices of technology appraisal that informs
                         editing the OECD's online digest, Participo.            public debate about neurotechnology?

              JUDITH Co-director, Missions Publiques,                                KAFUI        Psychiatrist and Associate Professor,
          FERRANDO Y France                                                        DZIRASA        Duke University, USA
                PUIG
                         Acting on the local, national and global level,                          Kafui Dzirasa's interests focus on understanding
                         Missions Publiques organizes citizens’ dialogues                         how changes in the brain produce neurological
                         that involve the stakeholders concerned. It is an                        and mental illness. His goal is to combine his
                         agency specialized in the participatory fabrication                      engineering background, medical training, and
                         of public policies. Judith Ferrando Y Puig also                          community experience to improve outcomes for
                         teaches   at   the   University   Paris     Panthéon-                    families   devastated    by      neurological   and
                         Sorbonne. She is co-president of the Institut de la                      psychiatric illness. He writes a lot about the
                         concertation et de la participation citoyenne.                           intersection of social justice and science.
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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
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TECHNOLOGY
IN AND FOR SOCIETY

          Panel 2: Enabling societal deliberation on neurotechnology
          19 May 2021, 15h10-16h30 CEST

                  LIZ    Founder and principal, Liminal Creations,                  HILARY Director, Society Inside,
              NEELEY     USA                                                      SUTCLIFFE United Kingdom
                         Liz Neeley is the founder and principal of Liminal                     Hilary Sutcliffe is the director of UK-based not-
                         Creations, a consulting and design firm focused                        for-profit SocietyInside and has for more than 15
                         on science communication and sensemaking. Her                          years     focused         on   issues   of    ethics   and
                         work began in ocean conservation, and is inspired                      responsibility       in    science      and    technology
                         by more than a decade of work in storytelling and                      innovation. She developed and runs the TIGTech
                         science engagement. Liz is a lecturer at Yale                          initiative which focuses attention on the need for
                         University, in association with the National                           the governance and regulation of technologies,
                         Neuroscience Curriculum Initiative. She vice-                          not     just   the    technologies       themselves,    to
                         chairs the AAAS Committee on Science and                               consider its own trustworthiness and earning the
                         Technology     Engagement         with   the   Public                  trust of all stakeholders, including citizens. She
                         (CoSTEP) and is a member of the advisory board                         was recently a member of the World Economic
                         for the Aspen Institute Science & Society                              Forum Agile Governance Council, previously co-
                         Program. She was previously the Executive                              chair of its Values Ethics and Innovation Council
                         Director of The Story Collider.                                        and member of previous councils on Human
                                                                                                Rights and also Nanotechnology.

               DONNA Executive Director, European Federation of Neurological Associations
               WALSH (EFNA), Ireland
                         Donna Walsh became the Executive Director of EFNA in June 2012. Walsh’s training is in Journalism, but she has
                         worked with patient organisations in the neurological sector – in various roles – since leaving university. This included
                         work with the European Migraine and Headache Alliance (EMHA) and the Migraine Association of Ireland (MAI), as well
                         as being a representative to the Neurological Alliance of Ireland.
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OECD Virtual Workshop - 19 & 20 May 2021 hosted by the Swiss Delegation - Fondation Ipsen
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TECHNOLOGY
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           Keynote: Convergence of neurotechnology with other emerging technology
           20 May 2021, 13h05-13h35 CEST

            JENNIFER Interim Director of the Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics,
           CHANDLER University of Ottawa, Canada

                         Jennifer Chandler is presently the interim director of the Centre
                         for Health Law, Policy and Ethics at the University of Ottawa.
                         She researches and writes about the legal and ethical aspects
                         of biomedical science and technology, with focuses on mental
                         health law and policy, neuroethics, organ donation and
                         regenerative medicine. She contributed to work on legal policy
                         and the administration of justice in Canada as a former
                         member of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Institute for
                         the Administration of Justice. She is coordinator of the ERA-
                         NET Neuron Project “Hybrid Minds” focusing on AI-based
                         neuroprostheses on the human nervous system. Jennifer
                         Chandler is also a member of the Advisory Board for the
                         Institute for Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction of the
                         Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

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          Panel 3: Promoting stewardship and trust across the public and private sector
          20 May 2021, 13h35-14h55 CEST

               LYRIC Acting Associate Director for Science Policy, National                             Guiding questions
          JORGENSON Institutes of Health (NIH), USA

                         Lyric A. Jorgenson, PhD, is the Acting Associate Director for         ► What are the governance gaps and
                         Science Policy at the National Institutes of Health. In this         challenges in the field of neurotechnology?
                         position, she provides senior leadership in the development and
                         oversight of policies and programs associated with emerging,         ► What are examples of best practices and
                         high-impact issues of importance to the biomedical research          good business conduct for promoting trust
           Moderator     enterprise and the United States Government.                         and trustworthiness?

                         She was also the Deputy Executive Director of the White House         ► How to promote deeper dialogue among
                                                                                              stakeholders?
                         Cancer Moonshot Task Force in the Office of the Vice President
                         in the Obama administration, where she directed and
                         coordinated   cancer-related   activities   across   the   Federal
                         government and worked to leverage investments across sectors
                         to dramatically accelerate progress in cancer prevention,
                         diagnosis, and treatment.

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          Panel 3: Promoting stewardship and trust across the public and private sector
          20 May 2021, 13h35-14h55 CEST

                  TIM Professor, Oxford University,                           HUSSEINI Global Head Science for Minds,
              DENISON United Kingdom                                            MANJI Johnson & Johnson, USA
                         Tim   Denison    is   Professor   with   a   joint
                                                                                         As Global Head for Johnson & Johnson (J&J)
                         appointment in Engineering Science and Clinical
                                                                                         Science for Minds, Husseini Manji, MD, FRCPC
                         Neurosciences at Oxford University, where he
                                                                                         leads the new initiative aimed at addressing
                         explores the fundamentals of physiologic closed-
                                                                                         the significant unmet needs of patients with
                         loop systems. Prior to that, he was a Technical
                                                                                         neuropsychiatric       and     neurodegenerative
                         Fellow at Medtronic PLC and Vice President of
                                                                                         disorders. His team is working to catalyze the
                         Research & Core Technology for the Restorative
                                                                                         development of novel and improved solutions
                         Therapies Group, where he helped oversee the
                                                                                         for patients worldwide with a focus on
                         design of next generation neural interface and
                                                                                         dementia; serious mental health disorders,
                         algorithm technologies for the treatment of
                                                                                         especially   those      affecting    youth;    and
                         chronic neurological disease.
                                                                                         innovative   digital     solutions/technologies.
                                                                                         Previously, Dr. Manji was Global Therapeutic
                DARÍO     Senior Vice President and Director of IBM
                                                                                         Head for Neuroscience at Janssen Research &
                  GIL     Research, IBM, USA
                                                                                         Development, one of the Pharmaceutical
                          Dr. Darío Gil is Senior Vice President and                     Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Prior to
                          Director of IBM Research. He is a globally                     joining J&J, Dr. Manji was Chief of the
                          recognized leader of the quantum computing                     Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology at
                          industry. Dr. Gil leads the technology roadmap                 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and
                          and the technical community of IBM, directing                  Director of the NIH Mood and Anxiety
                          innovation strategies in areas including hybrid                Disorders Program.
                          cloud, AI, quantum computing, and exploratory
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          Panel 3: Promoting stewardship and trust across the public and private sector
          20 May 2021, 13h35-14h55 CEST

                JULIE Cofounder & CEO, Braintale; President,                      THOMAS Professor, Freiburg University,
             RACHLINE LallianSe, France                                          STIEGLITZ Germany
                         Dr. Julie Rachline is a serial entrepreneur with a                  Thomas Stieglitz is an electrical engineer by
                         PhD in Neuropharmacology from Sorbonne                              education     and   Professor      of        Biomedical
                         University. She is cofounder and CEO of                             Microtechnology at the University Freiburg. He
                         Braintale, a universal brain measures company.                      focuses on miniaturized neural implants for
                         Braintale establishes new references for clinical                   both, fundamental neuroscience research and
                         decisions and clinical developments in intensive                    clinical    applications   (sensory           feedback,
                         care and neurology. Dr. Rachline serves as                          monitoring,   neuroprosthetics).        He    has   co-
                         President of LallianSe, a life sciences integrator                  founded two startups, CorTec and neuroloop,
                         which transforms life sciences innovations onto                     both active in neural implants. As a policy
                         economic successes since 2015. Immerged                             expert, he was also involved in the development
                         within   hospital-based    living   LABS      (Pïtié-               of the OECD Recommendation on Responsible
                         Salpêtrière and Bichat hospitals in Paris),                         Innovation in Neurotechnology.
                         LallianSe accelerates innovation in Europe.

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          Expert talk: Monitoring implementation activities - towards the development of indicators
          20 May 2021, 15h05-15h25 CEST

              EMAD     Senior Researcher, Technical University Delft,
           YAGHMAEI    the Netherlands

                       Dr. Emad Yaghmaei is a Senior Researcher at the
                       Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management at Delft
                       University of Technology and CEO of YAGHMA. His
                       work   covers     governance    of   organisations   and
                       processes with focus on their ethical, social, and
                       governmental impacts. He is specially interested in
                       designing and developing necessary policies and
                       methods     for    implementation,    evaluation,    and
                       assessment of responsible innovation and non-financial
                       values within industrial context.

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           Roundtable: next steps in the implementation of the Recommendation
           20 May 2021, 15h25-16h35 CEST

            HARRIS A. MD PhD, President, PRODEO; Co-Lead, OECD                    SUNG-JIN Co-chair of the IBI Neuroethics Working Group;
                EYRE Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative                        JEONG Principal Researcher, Korea Brain Research
                                                                                                Institute
                        Dr. Harris A. Eyre focuses on understanding and                         Dr. Sung-Jin Jeong received her Ph.D. in
                        addressing    brain    health   disorders.    He    is                  Molecular       Biology   from   Seoul    National
                        President of PRODEO, a boutique group of brain                          University. She is Co-chair of the International
                        health    executives      which     support        the                  Brain Initiative (IBI) Neuroethics working group
                        development and scaling of novel technologies.                          and Principal Researcher at the Korean Brain
                        His policy work is driven through the OECD                              Research Institute, and Secretary General of the
                        Initiative. He is lead-editor of Convergence                            International     Brain   Research   Organization
                        Mental Health, a 2021 book with Oxford                                  (IBRO).
                        University Press.

               DAFNA Chief of Section Bioethics and Ethics of Science,
            FEINHOLZ UNESCO

                         Dafna Feinholz has a PhD in Research Psychology (UIA Mexico) and a Master in Bioethics (Universidad Complutense,
                         Madrid, Spain). Since September 2009, she is the Chief of the Bioethics and Ethics of Science Section at UNESCO and is
                         also responsible for the Secretariat of UNESCO’s advisory bodies in Bioethics and Ethics of Science and Technology:
                         IBC, IGBC and COMEST.
                         In this capacity, she leads work to support the capacity of Member States to deal with bioethical and ethics of science
                         and technology issues. Key outputs are UNESCO’s series of Guidelines for National Bioethics Committees, among them:
                         Guide 4: Bioethics committees and public policy; Guide 5: Bioethics committees and public engagement.

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           Roundtable: next steps in the implementation of the Recommendation
           20 May 2021, 15h25-16h35 CEST

            LAURENCE   Head of Bioethics Unit (DGI – Human Rights         CAROLINE President, Dana Foundation
               LWOFF   Directorate); Secretary of the Committee on        MONTOJO
                       Bioethics (DH-BIO), Council of Europe

                       Dr. Laurence Lwoff is Head of Bioethics Unit of                Dr. Caroline Montojo is the president of the Dana
                       the Council of Europe and Secretary of the                     Foundation, a private philanthropic organization
                       intergovernmental Committee on Bioethics (DH-                  dedicated to advancing understanding about the
                       BIO). Lwoff holds a MD in physiology from the                  brain. Until January 2021, she was the director
                       University of Paris VI – Jussieu (France) and a                of Life Sciences and the director of Brain
                       PhD in molecular biology. She joined the Council               Initiatives at the Kavli Foundation. She has been
                       of Europe in 1991. She has been involved in the                deeply   involved    in   efforts   to   advance
                       development of the Strategic Action Plan on                    neuroscience, including a global movement to
                       Human Rights and Technologies in Biomedicine                   create an International Brain Initiative. Caroline
                       (2020-2025) and the Guide to Public Debate on                  Montojo holds a PhD in Psychological and Brain
                       Human Rights and Biomedicine.                                  Science from the Johns Hopkins University.

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           Closing remarks
           20 May 2021, 16h35-16h45 CEST

           FRANÇOISE Chairperson of the committee "Safety, Security             PATRICK Swiss State Secretariat for Education,
              ROURE and Risks", Ministry of Economy and Finances,                 VOCK Research and Innovation (SERI)
                        Chair of BNCT Working Party, OECD

                        Dr. Françoise Roure holds PhDs in Industrial                              Patrick Vock works in the Strategy and Planning
                        Economics      and   International   Economics,                           division of the Swiss State Secretary for
                        University Paris-I Pantheon Sorbonne. Formerly,                           Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). He
                        Roure was Secretary-General at the French                                 acts   as   ambassador    in   the   work   with
                        National Regulatory Authority for Electronic                              multilateral institutions. Between 2016-2020,
                                                                           ©OECD/Andrew Wheeler
                        Communications and Head of International and                              Patrick Vock was Chair of the Committee for
                        European Relations at the Directorate General                             Science and Technological Policy (CSTP). He
                        for Energy and Raw Materials, Ministry in Charge                          was former chair of the Innovation and
                        of Industry.                                                              Technology (TIP) Working Party at the OECD. He
                                                                                                  holds a master degree in economics from the
                                                                                                  University of Zurich (1990), following his
                                                                                                  postgraduate studies in European affairs at the
                                                                                                  College of Europe (Bruges).

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