Optus Small Sided Football - Handbook EffEctivE from 1 January 2011
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Optus Small Sided Football Handbook Effective from 1 January 2011
CONTENTS Forward 2 Introduction 3 What is Optus Small Sided Football? 4 Rationale for introducing Optus Small Sided Football throughout Australia 6 Experience of other countries 7 Statistical evidence of the benefits of Optus Small Sided Football 9 Optus Small Sided Football formats 10 Laws of Optus Small Sided Football 11 How to organise Optus Small Sided Football 18 Codes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players 24 Frequently asked questions 26 Contacts 27
Foreword
On behalf of the board and management of approach to the development of players hard work of many staff and volunteers within
Football Federation Australia (FFA), I would like and coaches. grass roots football in this country.
to thank the entire football community for the
continued support and commitment to Optus Since its initial implementation, Optus Small
Small Sided Football. Sided Football has grown substantially, with
Qantas Socceroos members taking active
FFA is delighted with its involvement with Optus roles as Ambassadors for the program.
Small Sided Football and looks forward to the
increased opportunities this relationship will To suitably address the needs of our young
provide to players and clubs throughout Australia. players - clubs, coaches, volunteers and
parents need to continue to ensure Optus
Following the release of FFA’s National Small Sided Football is a positive and enjoyable
Curriculum in 2009 the development has experience; one that allows all children to
already proved beneficial with around 150,000 develop into the best players they can be. Ben Buckley
children set to participate in Optus Small Sided Chief Executive Officer
Football around the country in 2011. FFA remains committed to working together Football Federation Australia
with Member Federations, zones, associations
The National Curriculum’s aim is to provide and clubs to continue the roll-out of Optus Small
guidance and an integrated and consistent Sided Football and recognise and appreciate the
Hi – I’m Lucas Neill,
game that focuses on maximum participation
and enjoyment for all levels of ability.
In 2011 we will launch the first ever Optus
Captain of the Australian team and Optus Football Ambassador.
Small Sided Football Awards. I am very excited
to be part of this program, which will recognise
The past 12 months have been a busy time for and reward young Optus Small Sided Football
Australian Football with the 2010 FIFA World Cup players and coaches. There will be four award
taking place. As an ambassador for the game, categories including the Leadership Award,
I’m proud to continue working with Optus and Promising Player Award, an award for teams
the FFA to develop football at a grassroots level and importantly, the Coach’s Award.
and find the Australian team of the future!
Nominations for awards will open in February
Last year we had great success in continuing to with the winners announced in October 2011.
roll out the Optus Small Sided Football program Check out optus.com.au/footballawards to read
to clubs all across the country. An exciting new more about the awards and nominate your Optus
way for children to get involved in football, the Small Sided Football team and teammates.
small sided format has encouraged many kids
that play the game to develop their skills whilst 2011 promises to be a great year for football.
having fun and getting plenty of exercise. Having I wish all of the future football superstars all the
simplified the rules, children enjoy a much faster best of luck for the season ahead!
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |3
Introduction
Since the introduction of Optus Small Sided Football senior Brazilian players come from having played forward to the development of our young players
in Australia in 2007 many of those unconvinced by games in a restricted area as a young kid. As and the acceleration of the technical development
the changed format have since witnessed firsthand a kid they were forced to work out their own of children who start to play football and provide a
the many benefits that this format espouses. solutions to the problems they faced on the small more logical pathway leading up to playing 11 v 11.
My predecessor and countryman Robert Baan pitch and I think that’s why the Brazilians often
gave a very good explanation by saying that as produce such amazing and unpredictable football This is all done for the development of the
a parent you do not just throw your child in the players in terms of their skill level.” game and sake of the children. Children love
ocean in order to teach them to swim. Therefore Optus Small Sided Football. It’s their game, we
you also do not put a young child on the big Football is developing rapidly in Australia. It as adults only need to create a stimulating and
football pitch to learn to play football. is only a matter of time before it will be the entertaining environment for them.
biggest sport as it already is almost everywhere
The distances they have to cover are far too else in the world. The fact that the Qantas Let’s all do that and enjoy Optus Small Sided
large and, more importantly, the number of Socceroos have qualified for successive Football with them.
touches on the ball too few to develop the FIFA World Cups in 2006 and 2010 and the
necessary skills and discover the fun of playing Westfield Matildas have qualified for their fifth
the world’s biggest and most popular sport. consecutive FIFA Women’s World Cup, this year
in Germany, will give football another big boost.
In the big European and South American football
nations nobody needs to be convinced anymore Recently the National Football Curriculum (NFC)
that small sided football is the most logical and was released by Football Federation Australia
scientifically proven way to develop the basic and in it; the significance of Optus Small Sided
skills and discover the game in a ‘fun’ and Football is once more explained.
acquiescent environment for children. Years ago
the late great Australian football legend Johnny As we embark on our fifth year employing the
values of the Optus Small Sided Football concept, Han Berger
Warren said after a visit to Brazil where he saw
and following the successful implementation of the National Technical Director
young children play small sided football: “I began
adjustments made to the program in 2010, we look Football Federation Australia
to appreciate that all the amazing skills of the
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
What is Optus Small Sided Football?
Optus Small Sided Football is a modified more by children and are a more effective other clubs or within their own club is generally
form of 11-a-side football, designed to meet method of improving their technical ability as decided on a local basis.
the needs of players between the under 6 footballers (compared to 11-a-side football).
and 11 age groups, who have very different Around six years ago, ACT’s Capital Football
developmental characteristics and needs to Whilst there are exceptions, in most parts of and Football Federation Northern Territory
adult players. The philosophy of Optus Small Australia Rooball has been the widely-accepted decided to begin the process of implementing
Sided Football focuses on enjoyment and format of the game for new players up until the Small Sided Football within their respective
freedom of expression with limited emphasis age of eight or nine. The rules and regulations regions. The staged implementation process
on coaching per se, particularly in the of Rooball vary in terms of field size and goal was completed in 2007 so that all players up to
formative years of a player’s development. size as does the age at which players progress Under 11 are now playing Small Sided Football
to 11-a-side football. At the age of 9 or 10, the in the Northern Territory and the ACT. In 2007,
Almost without exception, young players in general trend is for these players to then move to Ku-ring-gai District Soccer Association also
the major footballing nations of the world are 11-a-side football on a full-size field where they began to roll out Small Sided Football for all
introduced to the game through Small Sided compete against other clubs in the local area. of their Under 6 and 7 players.
Football. Brazil, France, England, Scotland,
Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Japan, USA There has also been an inconsistent approach In 2010, over 120,000 children across all
and Korea all introduce their young players to in terms of the philosophy of football at this Member Federations in varying age groups
the game using this approach. Considerable age, with the emphasis or otherwise on played the nationally consistent Optus Small
research has been conducted into the benefits competition, winning, points tables, finals and Sided Football formats. The results of a national
of Small Sided Football in many of these the like, with variations depending upon the survey in 2008 have been extremely positive,
countries. Overwhelmingly, the findings have particular state or territory and/or association. providing lots of valuable feedback which will
shown that Small Sided Football are enjoyed Whether players compete and/or play against help to ensure that the continued implementation
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |5
What is Optus Small Sided Football?
of Optus Small Sided Football is successful. • O
ver 85% of parents felt their child touched parents to see the benefits of Small Sided
Some statistics of particular interest can be the ball lots of times and was very active Football and certainly compliment the
seen below: parent flyers.
• O
ver 85% of parents felt Small Sided
• 9 1% of parents felt their club emphasised Football promotes a positive playing FFA and Member Federations need to continue
the player’s development, enjoyment and environment for children to provide leadership, support and assistance
philosophy of Small Sided Football over to zones, associations and clubs in regards the
winning games • O
ver 80% of parents felt their child’s implementation of Optus Small Sided Football,
playing ability and skills improved particularly in the areas of resources, facilities
• O
ver 90% of parents reported that their throughout the season and equipment.
child enjoyed playing football in the Small
Sided Football format • M
ore people felt it was easier to become In 2011 and beyond the implementation of
involved as a volunteer in Small Sided the Optus Small Sided Football formats will
• O
ver 80% of parents reported that the Football and there was not a feeling you continue across Australia up to and including
reasons for implementing Small Sided needed to be a football expert. Under 11’s in a staged approach. FFA supports
Football were communicated to them and encourages all Member Federations, zones,
It is very important that FFA, Member
associations and clubs that have completed or
• O
ver 70% of parents were offered Federations, zones, associations and clubs
wish to accelerate the implementation of Optus
appropriate information and education continue to educate, provide and distribute
Small Sided Football.
supporting the move to Small Sided Football resources to assist with the implementation
of Optus Small Sided Football. Most beneficial
• O
ver 90% of parents felt the coach of their to the education process has been the use of
child’s team embraced the Small Sided practical Small Sided Football demonstrations
Football philosophy at zone, association and club level that allow
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Rationale for introducing Optus Small Sided Football throughout Australia
One of the key recommendations to come out Whilst the recommendation for the • P arents who are new to the game are likely
of the recently concluded Talent Development implementation of Optus Small Sided Football to be more comfortable playing the role
and Identification Review (TDIR) is the need to in the context of the TDIR has as an underlying of “game leader” or “supervisor” of teams
introduce Optus Small Sided Football as the motivation – the development of players with playing Optus Small Sided Football. Given
standard playing format for children under better technical skills – there are certainly many that children playing at this age do not
the age of 11 in Australia. The justification other associated benefits that will be realised need to be “coached”, and by extension,
for taking such an approach is based on the as a direct result of their inception, as follows: these adults don’t need to have a great
following criteria: understanding of the game to be able to
• F irst and foremost, Optus Small Sided carry out this role effectively, finding parents
• 1 1-a-side football is in essence an adult Football is truly aimed at young people of to volunteer for these roles should become
game devised by and for adults to play all abilities, not simply the more talented significantly easier.
players in each age group.
• m
ore fun and individual enjoyment due • O
ptus Small Sided Football also make more
to smaller fields and simplified rules • W
ith the emphasis on participation and efficient use of facilities, given there can be
enjoyment, and an associated removal of multiple games on one standard-size field.
• m
ore playing time, which maximises the current emphasis on the importance of
individual participation and involvement winning, children are much more likely to Importantly, a significant amount of research has
enjoy their football playing experience, will been conducted in countries where Small Sided
• far more repeated touches of the ball
be keen to play more often and are less Football are prevalent (including Australia), which
by all players on the field
likely to drop out of the game. overwhelmingly highlights benefits such as more
• more shots on goal touches, greater participation as well as more
enjoyment for the children.
• m
ore involvement leads to greater
improvement in fitness.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |7
Experience of other countries
Scotland England USA
Small Sided Football is designed to meet the The main theme throughout mini-soccer is US Youth Soccer has thought long and hard
needs of children aged between five and twelve to meet the needs of children. Eleven-a-side about the answer to the question, “Why Small
years. These games are the preferred method football does not meet those needs. We need a Sided Football?”
of training by professional players and are the modified game that fits the needs of children:
most appropriate way of acquiring skills and too often children are modified to meet the What does “Small Sided Football” mean? These
developing young players. requirements of the game. Mini-soccer modifies are soccer games with fewer players competing
11-a-side football without losing the essence on a smaller-sized field. These are fun games
All research into how young people learn about of the game. that involve the players more because fewer
sport confirms that the well-being of the child players are sharing one ball.
and the good of the game are best served Mini-soccer is the appropriate introduction to
by the use of modified games and a sensible football. All available research and observation All ages can play Small Sided Football but it has
approach to competition. shows that children will have more fun and a definite developmental impact on our younger
learn more playing a game with smaller teams soccer players.
Appropriate sizes of goalposts, ball and playing and modified rules. Mini-soccer is, therefore,
field, allied to simple rules and tactics contribute a game children can actually play, rather than
to improved development within the game. struggle to understand a game that was
created for adults.
Too often, the focus within children’s football
has been the result of the game and winning
the tournament, cup or medal. An ethos which
promotes fun and learning, and measures success
in terms of enjoyment as well as fostering skills
development, is more likely to interest and motivate
a young player and enhance his/her progress.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Experience of other countries
Here are some of the reasons why we believe, 5. Because we want our young soccer players
as soccer coaches, administrators and parents to have more, involved playing time in the
we must guarantee that our young soccer game. (More opportunity to solve problems
players play Small Sided Football: that only the game presents.)
1. Because we want our young soccer players 6. Because we want our young soccer
to touch the soccer ball more often and players to have more opportunity to play
become more skillful with it. (Individual on both sides of the ball. (More exposure
technical development.) to attacking and defending situations.)
2. Because we want our young soccer players 7. Because we want our young soccer players
to make more, less-complicated decisions to have more opportunities to score goals.
during the game. (Tactical development)
(Pure excitement.)
3. Because we want our young soccer players to
be more physically efficient in the field space These are the reasons why we adults must
they are playing in. (Reduced field size.) foster Small Sided Football in our youth soccer
programs. The small-sided environment is a
4. Because we want our young soccer developmentally appropriate environment for our
players to have more individual teaching young soccer players. It’s a FUN environment
time with the coach! Less players on the that focuses on the young soccer player.
field and less players on the team will
guarantee this. (Need to feel worthy
and need to feel important.)
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook |9
Statistical evidence of the benefits of Small Sided Football
Studies of young footballers playing Small Other demonstrated benefits of Small • m
ore experience in all phases of the
Sided Football have proven the following Sided Football over the 11 v 11 game game. There is less hiding or dominant
when comparing 4 v 4, based on observational research are player “hogging” the ball. Every child has
7 v 7 and 11 v 11: as follows: to participate in all facets of the game,
• far more repeated touches of the ball attack and defend. The emphasis is on
• P layers touch the ball five times more in by all players player development
4 v 4 and 50% more in 7 v 7 than in • b etter success rate leads to improved quality
• m
ore touches throughout all areas of
11 v 11. of play, self-esteem and player retention
the pitch
• P layers attempted three times more 1 v 1s • the game is easier to understand
• m
ore passes attempted and in a
and two times more 1 v 1s in 7 v 7 than in
forward direction • freedom of expression –
11 v 11.
• m
ore attacking 1 v 1s, final third and no positions in early stages
• G
oals were scored an average of every 1.5
penalty area entries • less perceived stress on the player
minutes in 4 v 4, 3.6 minutes in 7 v 7 and 8
minutes in 11 v 11. • repeated decision-making experience • 8 0% of children believed that they touched
• the ball is in play far more often the ball more often in Small Sided Football
• T echnical skills performed by a goalkeeper
were between two and four times more in • r epeated experience of basic tactical • less perceived pressure from coaches
7 v 7 than in 11 v 11. situations and parents
• T he ball is out of play 8% of the match in • a ctive participation is directly related to • c hildren enjoyed the progressive and
4 v 4, 14% in 7 v 7 and 34% in 11 v 11. increased fitness and enjoyment sequential game formats.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Formats
In 2009 Football Federation Australia (FFA) The National Curriculum aims to provide In 2011, the Optus Small Sided Football formats
released the National Curriculum. The National national guidance and an integrated and remain unchanged and are summarised in the
Curriculum was a key initiative put forward in consistent approach to the development of table below.
the FFA National Football Development Plan players and coaches throughout the country.
released in November 2007.
Playing Format Under 6 & 7 Under 8 & 9 Under 10 & 11
Numbers 4v4 7v7 9v9
¼ Full Size Pitch ½ Full Size Pitch
Length: 30m
Field Size Length: 40m - 50m Length: 60m - 70m
Width: 20m
Width: 30m - 40m Width: 40m - 50m
Field Markings Markers or line markings Markers or line markings Markers or line markings
Penalty Area Nil 5m depth x 12m width 5m depth x 12m width
Width: 1.5m – 2.0m Width: 2.5m - 3.0m Width: 4.5m - 5.0m
Goal Size
Height: 0.9m x 1.0m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Goal Type Goals, Poles or Markers Goals, Poles or Markers Goals, Poles or Markers
Ball Size Size 3 Size 3 Size 4
Goalkeeper No Yes Yes
Playing Time 2 x 15 minutes 2 x 20 minutes 2 x 25 minutes
Half Time Break 5 minutes 5 minutes 7.5 minutes
Referee Game Leader Instructing Referee Instructing Referee
Point’s Table & Finals No No No
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook | 11
Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
The field of play
Dimensions Goal size
The field of play should be rectangular in shape. Sizes for each age The size of the goal should be:
group are as follows:
Under 6 & 7
Under 6 & 7 Width: 1.5m - 2.0m
Length: 30m Height: 0.9m - 1.0m
Width: 20m
Under 8 & 9
Under 8 & 9 Width: 2.5m - 3.0m
Length: 40m – 50m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Width: 30m – 40m
¼ full size pitch – when converting a full size pitch into Optus Small Under 10 & 11
Sided Football fields Width: 4.5m - 5.0m
Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Under 10 & 11
Length: 60m – 70m Note: For the Under 8 and 9 age groups, it is recommended that clubs
Width: 40m – 50m that wish to and have the capacity to do so use 3m x 2m goals. Should a
½ full size pitch – when converting a full size pitch into Optus Small club not be able to do this in the first instance, the 5m x 2m goal is most
Sided Football fields acceptable for use on fields for the Under 8 and 9 age groups as well
as the Under 10 and 11 age groups. FFA understands that clubs may
Note: In the Under 11 age group, the final stage of development in have existing goals for the Under 8 – 11 age groups; however when they
the Optus Small Sided Football formats before players commence need to replace existing goals or are in a position to make a change they
11 v 11 football, it is recommended that where facilities and scheduling should move to the dimensions specified above.
allows, clubs set-up the field from penalty box to penalty box and adjust
the width of the field with use of markers to meet the maximum Goal type
specified width. It is preferable that pop up style or portable goals are used where
possible, however, the use of poles and markers as the goals particularly
Markings in the Under 6 to 9 age groups is also suitable.
Markers or painted line markings.
Penalty area
Under 6 & 7
No penalty area
Under 8 – 11
Rectangular – 5m depth x 12m width
The penalty area can be marked through the use of marked lines, flat or
soft markers or cones.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKLaws of Optus Small Sided Football
The ball Goalkeeper
Under 6 – 9 Under 6 & 7
Size 3 No goalkeeper
The game leader, coaches and managers should continually discourage
Under 10 & 11 children from permanently standing in front of the goal.
Size 4
Under 8 – 11
Goalkeeper
The number of players The goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball anywhere in the penalty area.
To restart play after a save or gathering the ball with their hands, the ball
Under 6 & 7 must be thrown or rolled from the hands or played from the ground with their
4 v 4 – no goalkeeper feet, within 6 seconds. The goalkeeper is not allowed to kick or drop kick the
Maximum of two substitutes who may rotate during the entire game. ball directly from their hands. Opponents must be at least 5m outside the
The coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball penalty area and cannot move inside the penalty area until the ball is in play.
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field.
• U8 & 9 - The ball is in play once it moves out of the penalty area.
Under 8 & 9
• U 10 & 11 - The ball is in play once it moves out of the penalty area or
7 v 7 – including goalkeeper
when the goalkeeper places the ball on the ground*.
Maximum of three substitutes who may rotate during the entire game.
The coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball An indirect free kick is awarded if the goalkeeper touches the ball with his
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field. hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate.
Under 10 & 11 * Goalkeeper Progression
9 v 9 – including goalkeeper The developmental progression of the game becoming “live” when
Maximum of three substitutes who may rotate during the entire game. the goalkeeper places the ball on the ground provides the necessary
The coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball learning phase for players transitioning to the 11 v 11 format of football.
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field.
Duration of the game
Under 6 & 7
2 x 15 minutes (half-time break 5 minutes)
This may be flexible depending on the implementation format;
i.e. in a hub, it may be 3 x 10 minutes
Under 8 & 9
2 x 20 minutes (half-time break 5 minutes)
Under 10 & 11
2 x 25 minutes (half-time break 7.5 minutes)
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Game Leader and Instructing Referee
Under 6 & 7 • L et the game flow and give instruction to all players on the run
Game Leader where you can.
• Praise and encourage both teams.
Under 8 – 11
Instructing Referee • B e enthusiastic and approachable.
• Most Importantly - Remember the children are learning the
Game Leader game – be flexible and patient.
The main role of the game leader is to keep the game moving fluently,
limit stoppages and assist players with all match re-starts. Most Instructing Referee
importantly, they must make every effort to create an environment The main role of the instructing referee is to control the game to ensure
that ensures that all players have fun and have maximum involvement. it is played fluently and instruct and correct the players (with minimal
The children are learning the game at this level, be flexible and patient. blowing of the whistle) on how to behave and what the rules are, e.g.
The game leader can be a club official, parent, older child or player or what a foul is, what a free kick is and how to throw in etc... Should these
beginning referee and should always be enthusiastic and approachable. indiscretions happen a second time the referee should stop the game
and apply the appropriate action and decisions. This person can be a club
The Game Leader should; official, capable parent, older child or player, beginning or official referee
from the federation or association.
• Encourage all children to have fun and different children to take re-starts.
• Ensure the correct number of players are on the field. The Instructing Referee should;
• Discourage players from permanently over-guarding the goal. • Encourage all children to have fun and different children to take re-starts.
• U se a “Ready, Set, Go” prompt to encourage quick decisions when • Ensure the correct numbers of players are on the field
restarting play.
• D
iscourage players from permanently standing in blatant offside
• E ncourage children to dribble or pass ball into play from all re-starts positions and instruct them to move into onside positions. In the
rather than a big kick. Under 10 & 11 age groups children should be made aware of
• Ensure opposing team is back to the half way line, for all goal line restarts. the offside rule during training and be encouraged to adopt this
• E nsure team officials and parents create a safe, enjoyable and philosophy during the game at all times.
positive playing environment for the children and do not emphasise • L et the game flow and give instruction to all players on the run
winning or losing. where you can
• E ncourage children to be involved in all aspects of the game, • Instruct players in the first instance before blowing the whistle
attacking and defending. where possible
• R emember most acts of handball or fouls and misconduct at this • E nsure team officials and parents create a safe, enjoyable and positive
level are caused by a lack of coordination, with no intent. If you playing environment for the children and do not emphasise winning or losing
decide a deliberate or serious act of handball or foul and misconduct • Be enthusiastic, consistent and approachable
has occurred, explain to the child they have done the wrong thing
and that they should not do this again.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKLaws of Optus Small Sided Football
The start of play and restart after a goal Method of scoring
Under 6 - 11 Ball crossing the goal line after touching A goal is scored when the whole of the
the defending team last ball passes over the goal line, between the
Pass forward to a team mate from the middle goalposts and under the crossbar. When goal
Under 6 & 7
of the half way line. All players must be in their posts are not available and cones are used for
There is no corner kick. Regardless of which
own half of the field of play. Opponents must be goals, a goal is scored when the ball passes
team touched the ball last, a player from the
at least 5m away from the ball until it is in play. between the cones without touching them,
team whose goal line the ball has crossed will
The ball must touch a team mate before a goal below shoulder height of the player.
place the ball anywhere along the goal line and
can be scored.
pass or dribble the ball into play. Opponents
must retreat to the half way line and can move
Ball in and out of play Offside
once the ball is in play. The ball must touch a
The ball is out of play when it has wholly team mate before a goal can be scored.
crossed the goal line or the touch line on the Under 6 – 11
ground or in the air, or when play has been Under 8 - 11 No offside
stopped by the game leader or instructing Corner kick. A player from the attacking team
referee. places the ball inside the corner arc nearest Note: In the Under 8 – 11 age groups,
to the point where the ball crossed the line. team coaches and managers should strongly
Ball crossing the touch line Opponents must be at least 5m away from the discourage children from permanently standing
ball until it is in play. The ball is in play when in blatant offside positions. In the Under 10 & 11
Under 6 & 7
it is kicked and moves. A goal may be scored age groups children should be made aware of
There is no throw in. A player from the opposing
directly from a corner kick. the offside rule during training and be
team to the player that touched the ball last
encouraged to adopt this philosophy
before crossing the touch line will place the ball
Ball crossing the goal line after touching during the game at all times.
on the touch line and pass or dribble the ball
the attacking team last Instructing referees should direct
into play. Opponents must be at least 5m away
players permanently standing in
from the ball until it is in play. The ball must Under 6 & 7
blatant offside positions to move
touch a team mate before a goal can be scored. Regardless of which team touched the ball last, a
into onside positions.
player from the team whose goal line the ball has
Under 8 - 11 crossed will place the ball anywhere along the
Throw-in: Player faces the field of play, has part goal line and pass or dribble the ball into play.
of each foot on the ground either on or behind Opponents must retreat to the half way line and
the touch line, uses both hands and delivers can move once the ball is in play. The ball must
the ball from behind and over their head. The touch a team mate before a goal can be scored.
thrower must not touch the ball again until it
has touched another player. Opponents must Under 8 - 11
be at least 5m away from the ball until it is in Goal kick from anywhere within the penalty area.
play. The ball is in play once it enters the field Opponents remain at least 5m outside the penalty
of play. A goal cannot be scored directly from area until the ball is in play. The ball is in play once
a throw in. it is kicked directly out of the penalty area.
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Fouls and misconduct
Under 6 & 7 Under 8 – 11 Fouls and misconduct are:
Indirect free kicks are awarded for all acts of Indirect free kicks are awarded for all acts of • kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
handball or fouls and misconduct. Opponents handball or fouls and misconduct. Opponents • trips or attempts to trip an opponent
must be at least 5m away from the ball when must be at least 5m away from the ball when
• jumps at an opponent
the indirect free kick is taken. (An indirect free the indirect free kick is taken. (An indirect free
kick is where a goal can be scored only if the ball kick is where a goal can be scored only if the • charges an opponent
subsequently touches another player before it ball subsequently touches another player before • strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
enters the goal). it enters the goal). • pushes an opponent
Most acts of handball or fouls and misconduct at For deliberate or serious acts of handball or • tackles an opponent from behind to gain
this level are caused by a lack of coordination, with fouls and misconduct in the penalty area, a possession of the ball
no intent. In this case try and give the advantage penalty kick is awarded from an 8m penalty • m
aking contact with the opponent before
to the attacking team and continue play. If you mark with only a goalkeeper in position. All touching the ball
decide a deliberate or serious act of handball, foul other players must be outside the penalty area • holds an opponent
or misconduct has occurred, explain to the child and be at least 5m behind the penalty mark.
• spits at an opponent
they have done the wrong thing and that they
should not do this again. • handles the ball deliberately
• plays in a dangerous manner
• impedes the progress of a player.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKLaws of Optus Small Sided Football
Point’s tables and finals Practical recommendations
To ensure that Optus Small Sided Football is Below are some practical recommendations • D
epending on how Optus Small Sided
played in the correct spirit and gives all players that you may wish to consider in your role of Football is being implemented in the
the best possible chance to develop into the game leader, coach or manager; Under 6 & 7 age groups, the intra-club
best players they can be. FFA advises that format allows team coaches and managers
Member Federations, zones, associations and • A ll players should get an equal amount to use breaks to make some internal
clubs adopt and promote the following advice of playing time. changes to the team when one team is
and recommendation: far too strong and leading by more than
• W
hen an individual player is completely
three or four goals.
Under 6 - 9 dominating the game and has already
FFA advises that the keeping of point’s tables scored three goals and their team is • M
ember Federations, Zones, Associations
and playing of finals must not be done. winning by a three-goal margin, he/she can and Clubs should attempt to ensure
only score another goal when one of their where possible that teams of reasonably
Under 10 - 11 team-mates has scored a goal. This is to equal ability are playing each other. Each
FFA advises that the keeping of point’s tables encourage good players to include other respective governing body will have their
and playing of finals must not be done. It is members of their team and to force them to own system to achieve this. Should you
also advised, the keeping of point’s tables and create opportunities for others. require any advice with this, please contact
playing of finals will only commence when your Member Federation or FFA. Whatever
children are playing 11 v 11 football on a full • In the Under 6 & 7 age groups directly after
system is used in the various age groups,
size pitch in the Under 12 age group. each match each player is allowed to take a
you will need to consider that children like
“penalty” from the 8m spot. First, all players
to play with their friends.
from Team A and second, all players from
Team B take their penalty kicks (free shot
from 5m spot – no goalkeeper).
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook | 17
Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Role of Coach / Parent Helper
The major role of the coach / parent helper is coaches and teachers of players in the
to make the football experience of every player Under 6 & 7 age groups. It is designed to give
and their families in their team as enjoyable them a basic understanding of their role and to
as possible. The team coach/parent helper will provide them with practical ideas for training
provide the best environment for children to sessions. Coaches looking after children in the
learn and enjoy the game through organising fun Under 8 - 11 age groups are encouraged to do
game based practices. Having good personal a junior licence course. Clubs can contact their
and organisational skills are most important association or Member Federation to organise
for coaches and parent helpers working with a course at their club or find out where the
children in this age group to allow them to next one is.
learn through playing the game with minimal
instruction and a focus on player development. For more information on the community
coach education pathway go to the coaching
Clubs should service their coaches, parent section of;
helpers, game leaders and volunteers through
the community coach education pathway. The www.footballaustralia.com.au
Grassroots Football Certificate is a course of
three hours duration and is aimed at beginner
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKHow to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Since 2008, FFA has been working closely with Intra-club model
Member Federations, zones, associations and
clubs on the phased implementation of Optus Capital Football, the governing body for football In view of the fact that no point’s tables are
Small Sided Football throughout the country. in the ACT, began introducing Small Sided kept at these ages, the intra-club model is
Optus Small Sided Football will replace Rooball Football back in 2004. In 2007, the roll-out of simply a case of grouping players into teams,
as the playing format for six to nine-year-olds Small Sided Football in the ACT culminated in assigning a parent/volunteer to be game leader
and by the time it is completely rolled out it will the Under 11 age group playing Small Sided and organising a draw which is either done
be the format played by all players up to and Football for the first time. over a season or is developed each week.
including the Under 11 age group.
In 2008, Football Federation Victoria adopted Characteristics of the intra-club model are:
Whilst the success of this implementation is the Optus Small Sided Football formats in an
based on the adoption and use of the standard • P arents only need to travel to the same
intra-club format combined with gala days for
game formats and rules described in earlier location each week (which is very likely going
the Under 6 and 7 age groups.
sections, there is some flexibility with respect to be in close proximity to where they live);
to the delivery or operational model which In implementing Optus Small Sided Football, they do not have a “home and away” situation.
associations and their clubs choose to adopt. Capital Football effectively chose to use both of
• T here is less emphasis on competition given
the models described previously. For Under 9
In essence there are two alternatives when the games are not against other clubs.
years and below, the majority of clubs use the
considering the most appropriate method of intra-club model where teams from within the
organising Optus Small Sided Football. The • T here is flexibility in terms of being able
club play against each other. Where clubs are to move players or parent helpers between
first is the intra-club option where teams are unable to do this due to insufficient numbers,
arranged from within a club’s membership. teams if required.
they combine with another smaller club and
These teams then play against each other on play against each other. From the Under 10 • T he club can provide a greater level of
a weekly basis. The other option is the inter- age group upwards, Capital Football fixtures support to game leaders as they are all
club model where teams from within clubs matches for all clubs against other clubs on a at the club’s home ground rather than
play against other teams from other clubs on home and away basis. travelling to other clubs. In this way, these
a weekly basis. The two should not necessarily people can be “mentored” by other more
be seen as mutually exclusive given that they With regard to the intra-club model, the knowledgeable and experienced coaches
could both be used simultaneously for different individual clubs are responsible for putting from within the club.
age groups within a club or association. players into teams and organising games
between those teams each week. This can • T here is likely to be a greater number of
The purpose of this section is to provide either be done at the beginning of the season people at the ground each week to help out
an overview and some experience of these so that a player remains with the same team in various roles as well as generating more
for the whole year and know in advance which sales at the canteen.
two options together with an outline of
team they are playing against each week, or
the most effective “game day” approach alternatively, some clubs choose to allow the • R esponsibility for organising draws and field
to organising Optus Small Sided Football, children to “turn-up” each week, be put into allocations rests with the club as opposed
including field layouts, operational issues a team and then arrange who plays against to the association.
and codes of behaviour. who. This flexibility easily allows players to
be moved between teams if required.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Inter-club model
As previously mentioned, Capital Football has whose ground is used has overall responsibility • T here is likely to be less work for the club in
adopted an inter-club model of Optus Small for the operational aspect of the day. However terms of organising draws; this would instead
Sided Football for their older age groups whereby this is generally shared between clubs. be carried out by the association.
they fixture games throughout the season and
clubs play against other clubs on a home and The fact that these venues are not used for any • A ll clubs can derive benefits from their canteen
away basis. Football Federation Northern Territory other football means that they can be permanently given that Optus Small Sided Football will be
(FFNT), as well as the Ku-ring-gai District Soccer marked for Optus Small Sided Football and the played there every second week.
Association (KDSA) in Sydney, have also adopted particular age group that plays at that ground.
the inter-club model; however, their model Characteristics of the inter-club (hub)
There are a number of differences between model are:
begins at the Under 6 age group and extends to
the inter-club model in which clubs are required
the Under 11 age group. Further to this in 2008 • P arents only need to travel to the same
to travel and the hub model where the venue is
and 2009, Football Queensland and Football location each week (in contrast to the intra-
the same each week. Generally speaking, the
Federation Tasmania adopted Small Sided club model, in which the venue may not be
advantages of the inter-club (hub) model are
Football formats for the Under 6 - 9 age groups, quite as close to their residence).
similar to those of the intra-club model.
these were fixtured by each of their zones and
associations in an inter-club approach. • T here is flexibility in terms of being able to
Characteristics of the inter-club model are: move players or parent helpers between
In contrast to the home and away model, • G
ames are played against other clubs teams if required.
Northern NSW Football, Football West, FFNT and as opposed to other teams within the
KDSA use a “hub model” where clubs travel same club (some parents believe this is • O
ptus Small Sided Football ensure a more
to a centralised location each week and play particularly important and as players get efficient use of fields in general, however, having
against other clubs. For KDSA, they have eight older they also share this view). dedicated venues for Optus Small Sided Football
dedicated Small Sided Football venues where means that open spaces that may not be suitable
only Under 6 and 7 age groups play. The club for full-size fields can still be used for football.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKHow to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Game day requirements
Regardless of the type of model that is chosen, FFA is able to provide ongoing advice and
the requirements of a club and/or association support from individuals and clubs that have
on game day are going to be very similar. It is already successfully implemented Optus Small
important to emphasise that the organisational Sided Football.
requirements of Optus Small Sided Football
are not vastly different from what clubs need If required, they can offer practical suggestions
to undertake at present (through Rooball and based on their “real-life” experience.
other junior football), though there are obviously
going to be more players, more games and Accommodating multiple fields
more fields. FFA would certainly encourage Recommendations for the layout of the small-
clubs and associations to approach Optus Small sided fields appear below. Obviously they may
Sided Football with the view to minimising both differ according to the available space, however
the number of extra volunteers required and the this information should be useful when dealing
expectations placed upon them. with “standard-sized” fields.
This section discusses some of the factors that Remember, Optus Small Sided Football can be
need to be considered in relation to Optus Small played on any suitable open grass area and
Sided Football, such as field layouts, ground does not necessarily have to take place on a
management, equipment and participant codes dedicated football pitch.
of behaviour. Through your Member Federation,
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook | 21
How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Field layouts
Under 6 & 7 Under 8 and 9
Six to eight Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if Two to four Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if
required. Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions required. Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions
are also set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas. are also set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas.
Under 10 and 11
One to two Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if required. In the Under 11 age group, the final stage of development in the
Optus Small Sided Football formats before players commence 11 v 11 football, it is recommended that clubs where facilities and scheduling allows,
set-up the field from penalty box to penalty box and adjust the width of the field with use of markers to meet the maximum specified width.
Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions can also be set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKHow to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Equipment requirements
Players For each field you will need: For each venue (Intra Club / Hub model)
Players will need to wear all of the same • a pair of goals or four poles/markers you will need:
clothing/equipment that they would currently • a large whiteboard or equivalent showing
do at this age – shorts, shirt, socks, boots and • a marked field with lines or sufficient a “field map” as well as a daily draw
shin pads. In the event that a club chooses the markers to be able to do this
intra-club model, coloured bibs would need to • a horn or equivalent to signal the start of
• a whistle for the game leader play, half-time and full-time in each game
be supplied to differentiate teams.
or instructing referee
• a central position with table to assist in
Club • adequate balls – at least two to three the administration of the day
The best case scenario would be for clubs to
be able to provide pop-up or portable goals • d rinks for players • a first aid kit/s
for their games as well as fields that are (should be provided by parents).
permanently marked. However this should • a dequate parking given that there is likely
absolutely not prevent them from being able to be an increased volume of both players,
to offer Optus Small Sided Football. In fact, a parents and spectators. One solution is
number of the clubs in Australia that already to schedule sufficient gaps between age
play Optus Small Sided Football use markers groups/time slots so that one group of
for both their goals and to mark out the lines people can leave and the next can arrive.
on the field. In the inter-club (hub) model, part of the
criteria for selecting grounds may be the
amount of available parking.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook | 23
How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Ground management
Regardless of the model that is chosen, each Team managers/supervisors/game leaders
venue needs to have at least one ground also need to understand their role on the day
controller or manager who has overall ranging from determining where they are
responsibility for what occurs on game day. playing to what is acceptable behaviour. Team
This includes monitoring the timing of games, managers should be briefed by the ground
ensuring teams are aware of who and controller before matches begin each week.
where they are playing, recording results (if
appropriate), coordinating the setting up of Note that the team manager can act as game
fields and dealing with any issues that may leader (referee) though this role is perhaps
come up from time to time. best undertaken by a beginner referee
or young player from within the club
One of the most crucial tasks is to ensure that who has no connection with either
the fields are set up (and removed) in a timely of the teams.
manner. This should be delegated to a small
group of people and is probably best allocated
to representatives of the particular age group
that is playing and can be shared between
teams throughout the season. In an inter-club
(hub) model, it needs to be allocated both to an
age group and to a club given that there will be
multiple clubs sharing a venue.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKCodes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players
The behaviour of players, their parents, • W
ork equally hard for yourself and/or your • D
isplay control, respect and professionalism
spectators, officials and administrators is team. Your team’s performance will benefit to all involved with the sport. This includes
absolutely critical in ensuring that our young and so will you. opponents, coaches, officials, administrators,
players enjoy an appropriate environment in • B e a good sport. Applaud all good plays the media, parents and spectators.
their formative years of playing football. Bearing whether they are made by your team or Encourage players to do the same.
in mind that the whole philosophy of Optus the opposition. • S how concern and caution towards sick
Small Sided Football is based on replicating and injured players. Follow the advice of
• T reat all participants in your sport as you
street football, where children play without a physician when determining whether
like to be treated. Do not bully or take
adults and referees, the major focus should an injured player is ready to recommence
unfair advantage of another competitor.
be on letting the children play with minimal training or competition.
instruction and plenty of encouragement. • C
ooperate with your coach, team-mates
and opponents. Without them, there would • O
btain appropriate qualifications and
Below are a series of codes of behaviour that be no competition. keep up to date with the latest coaching
all people involved in junior football, and in practices and the principles of growth
• P articipate for your own enjoyment and
particular Optus Small Sided Football, must and development of young people.
benefit, not just to please your parents
be aware of and abide by. Some clubs who and coaches. • A ny physical contact with a young person
already conduct Optus Small Sided Football should be appropriate to the situation and
• R espect the rights, dignity and worth of
require team managers to exchange a Code necessary for the player’s skill development.
all participants regardless of their gender,
of Behaviour before every game with each • R espect the rights, dignity and worth of every
ability, cultural background or religion.
person giving an undertaking, on behalf of young person regardless of their gender,
their players, parents and spectators, to ability, cultural background or religion.
behave in an appropriate manner. If this does
Coaches Code of Behaviour
not eventuate, the other team manager is • R emember that young people participate for Parents Code of Behaviour
entitled to refer the other person back to the pleasure, and winning is only part of the fun. • R emember that children participate in
Code, and if inappropriate behaviour persists • N
ever ridicule or yell at a young player for sport for their enjoyment, not yours.
club representatives (probably the ground making a mistake or not coming first. • E ncourage children to participate,
controller) would need to become involved. • B e reasonable in your demands on do not force them.
players’ time, energy and enthusiasm. • F ocus on your child’s efforts and
Players Code of Behaviour
• O
perate within the rules and spirit of your performance rather than whether
• Play by the rules. sport and teach your players to do the same. they win or lose.
• N
ever argue with an official. If you • E nsure that the time players spend with you • E ncourage children to play according to
disagree, have your captain, coach or is a positive experience. All young people are the rules and to settle disagreements
manager approach the official during deserving of equal attention and opportunities. without resorting to hostility or violence.
a break or after the competition.
• A void overplaying the talented players; the • N
ever ridicule or yell at a child for making
• C
ontrol your temper. Verbal abuse “just average” need and deserve equal time. a mistake or losing a competition.
of officials, sledging other players or
• E nsure that equipment and facilities meet
deliberately distracting or provoking an
safety standards and are appropriate to
opponent are not acceptable or
the age and ability of all players.
permitted behaviours in any sport.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOKOptus Small Sided Football Handbook | 25
Codes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players
• R emember that children learn best by • P lace the safety and welfare of the • R emember, you set an example.
example. Appreciate good performance participants above all else. Your behaviour and comments should
and skilful plays by all participants. • G
ive all young people a “fair go” regardless be positive and supportive.
• S upport all efforts to remove verbal and of their gender, ability, cultural background • M
ake it clear that abusing young people
physical abuse from sporting activities. or religion. in any way is unacceptable and will result
• R espect officials’ decisions and teach in disciplinary action.
Administrators Code of Behaviour
children to do likewise. • R espect the rights, dignity and worth
• Involve young people in planning,
• S how appreciation for volunteer coaches, of every young person regardless of
leadership, evaluation and decision-making
officials and administrators. Without them, their gender, ability, cultural background
related to the activity.
your child could not participate. or religion.
• G
ive all young people equal opportunities
• R espect the rights, dignity and worth to participate. Spectators Code of Behaviour
of every young person regardless of • R emember that young people participate
• C
reate pathways for young people to
their gender, ability, cultural background in sport for their enjoyment and benefit,
participate in sport, not just as a player but
or religion. not yours.
as a coach, referee, administrator etc.
Officials Code of Behaviour • E nsure that rules, equipment, length of • A pplaud good performances and efforts
• M
odify rules and regulations to match the games and training schedules are modified from all individuals and teams. Congratulate
skill levels and needs of young people. to suit the age, ability and maturity level of all participants on their performance,
young players. regardless of the game’s outcome.
• Compliment and encourage all participants.
• P rovide quality supervision and instruction • R espect the decisions of officials and
• B e consistent, objective and courteous
for junior players. teach young people to do the same.
when making decisions.
• R emember that young people participate • N
ever ridicule or scold a young player
• C
ondemn unsporting behaviour and
for their enjoyment and benefit. Do not for making a mistake. Positive comments
promote respect for all opponents.
overemphasise awards. are motivational.
• E mphasise the spirit of the game rather
• H
elp coaches and officials highlight • C
ondemn the use of violence in any
than the errors.
appropriate behaviour and skill form, whether it is by spectators,
• E ncourage and promote rule changes that coaches, officials or players.
development, and help improve the
will make participation more enjoyable.
standards of coaching and officiating. • S how respect for your team’s opponents.
• B e a good sport yourself. Actions speak Without them, there would be no game.
• E nsure that everyone involved in junior
louder than words.
sport emphasises fair play, rather than • E ncourage players to follow the rules
• K eep up to date with the latest trends in winning at all costs. and the officials’ decisions.
officiating and the principles of growth and
• G
ive a Code of Behaviour sheet to • D
o not use foul language, sledge or
development of young people.
spectators, officials, parents, coaches, harass players, coaches or officials.
• R emember, you set an example. Your players and the media, and encourage • R espect the rights, dignity and worth
behaviour and comments should be positive them to follow it. of every young person regardless of
and supportive.
their gender, ability, cultural background
or religion.
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