Planet IPE I February 2021 - IPE Global
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INJECTING HOPE
Planet IPE I February 2021
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 1
“The essence of global health
equity is the idea that something
so precious as health might be
viewed as a right.”
– Paul Farmer
MD SPEAKS
The real test of strength is its equitable
distribution among 7.7 billion global
people across all countries. And, the
key lies in a collaborative approach.
W
hile the year 2020 may have set a new all countries. And, the key lies in a collaborative
template on our lives and livelihoods, approach. At IPE Global, we stand committed
it did not dampen our spirits. If there is to this fight against the virus and are supporting
anything that the pandemic has taught us, it is our organizations and governments at various levels
ability to adapt, to be resilient and come together through our continued support and cooperation.
as one.
Research & Development and roll out of vaccines We have always addressed development chal-
at a never heard before pace in the past year is lenges with empathy, innovation and profession-
a proof enough of our commitment to solidarity. alism. We believe that development problems are
This is a commendable achievement. With not only solvable - they can be done so quickly,
WHO stating the end of pandemic is in sight, it is effectively and sustainably.
comforting. However, it is important that we do not As Christopher Reeves said, “Once you choose
let our guard down.
hope, anything is possible.”
Vaccine availability may be just half the battle
won. The real test of strength is its equitable
distribution among 7.7 billion global people across Ashwajit Singh
CURRENT COVID-19 STATISTICS
Global Figures
Cases Recovered Deaths
103M 57.3M 2.24M
India Figures
Cases Recovered Deaths
10.8M 10.5M 155K
+ 12.689 + 13.320 + 137
(as of Feb 04, 2021)
DO YOU REMEMBER?
COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus called
SARS-CoV-2, comes with a variety of symptoms including fever, cough,
and shortness of breath. Anyone can get COVID-19. However, people
60 years and older and people with medical conditions like heart
disease, lung disease or diabetes are at higher risk of getting seriously
sick with COVID-19.
4 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021
LEARNING FROM THE HISTORY
OF PANDEMICS…
Spanish Flu (1918-20) Polio (1916-1952) HIV-AIDS (1981- Present Day)
SARS outbreak (2002-2004) Swine Flu (2009-10) Ebola (2014-16)
Covid-19
The world has seen many pandemics in the past. They ravaged humanity and
redefined history. And, each pandemic taught us to become more resilient and
adapt to survival strategies that combined:
Quarantine Wearing of Social Hand & Surface
Mask Distancing Hygiene
DID YOU KNOW?
• The term “quarantine” comes from the Italian quarantino, meaning “40-day
period.” The first time quarantine was passed into a law was in the port city of Ragusa
(today’s Dubrovnik) on July 27, 1377, during the Bubonic Plague, or Black Death.
• Vinegar was used as a disinfectant by wine sellers in Florence while accepting
payments during the 17th century Italian plague! 400 years later, they have been
revved during Covid-19 t?o serve customers everything from wine and coffee to gelato.
• During the 1918 influenza pandemic, masks became mandatory in San
Francisco and those who didn’t comply faced fines, imprisonment and the threat of
having their names printed in newspapers as “mask slackers!”
• “Powder rooms” or ground-floor bathrooms, were first installed in early
20th century to protect families from germs brought in by guests or delivery persons
to ensure hygiene.
• Law of Universal Gravitation was discovered by Isaac Newton on his family farm
while he was sent home from Cambridge University following an outbreak of bubonic
plague.
(Source: https://www.history.com/news/pandemics-lessons)
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 5
WHY AN URGENCY WITH COVID-19?
Posed a huge challenge for policy makers, nationally & globally
Gave an unprecedented economic shock to the world economy
Made the choice difficult - between health and human lives vs. and
economy and livelihoods
Tested the frontiers of medical science, which has risen the challenge by
developing an effective vaccine within a year.
Showed an exponential spread with community transmission; WHO
called it a pandemic on March 11, 2020 – within a period of three
months of its emergence
Figure: COVID-19 deaths per Lakh of population
Italy 122.7
Spain 108.7
UK 108.4
US 104.5
France 99.2
Brazil 91.7
Germany 40.3
Russia 38.6
India 10.8
0 50 100 150
Source: Data accessed from Covid19india.org, MoHF; as of Jan 31, 2021
6 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021
Why a VACCINE ?
From stimulating your immune system to produce antibodies, exactly like it would if one is exposed to
the disease, vaccines play a role in saving millions against any life-threatening disease, like meningitis,
tetanus, measles and, wild poliovirus.
REDUCES THE BURDEN OF DISEASE: As per WHO estimates,
vaccines prevent almost 6 million deaths worldwide annually. They
greatly contribute to the reduction of disease, disability and death.
KEEPS YOU HEALTHY: : Most vaccinations are simply a dose of
the weakened version of a disease/virus that helps prepare and
strengthen the immune system against the said ailment. They have
proven to be extremely efficient and effective in eradicating many
outbreaks in the past, such as the Polio virus, Ebola and H1N1 virus.
PROTECTS SELF AND PEOPLE AROUND: Vaccinations have proven
to be the most efficient way to control community spread, mitigate
major outbreak, eradicate disease and virus on a large scale.
“
“ Vaccination greatly reduces disease,
disability, death and inequity worldwide
– WHO
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 7
Global vaccination coverage, World, 2019
Share of one-year-olds who have been immunized against a disease or a pathogen
Tuberculosis (BCG)
Polio (Pol3)
Hepatitis B (HepB3)
Measles, first dose (MCV1)
Dphteria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP3)
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
H. influenzae type b (Hib3) 72%
Rubella (RCV1) 71%
Measles (MCV2) 71%
Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV3) 48%
Yellow fever (YFV) 46%
Rotavirus 39%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO), UNICEF
Polio was declared as a worldwide disease ever since early 1900s, resulting in the paralysis of
thousands of people each year. Two vaccines against the disease were developed in 1950. But the
vaccination was still not common enough to prevent the spread of polio, largely in Africa. In order
to eradicate polio worldwide, a united worldwide effort began in 1980s. Over several years and
decades, polio vaccination, using certain routine immunisation visits & mass vaccination campaigns,
took place in all continents. Hundreds of thousands of people, especially children, were vaccinated
and in August 2020, the African continent got ‘wild poliovirus free’ certification, while joining other
parts of the world, except Pakistan & Afghanistan, where polio has yet not been eradicated.
IPE Global supported UNICEF’s Social Mobilization Network (SMNet) program in Uttar
Pradesh in March 2001. One of the largest ever polio eradication programs in India, nearly 170
million children under the age of five at a national level and 20 million children in Uttar Pradesh were
reached out with what is popularly known as “Do boond zindagi ke” Campaign.
8 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021
COVID-19 VACCINE DRIVE BEGINS GLOBALLY
The biggest vaccination campaign in history has begun.
By Feb 2 2021, over 103 million doses globally have been administered, according to The World in Data.
ACCORDING TO A COVID-19 “PERFORMANCE INDEX”
New Zealand, Vietnam and Taiwan in the top three for best performing countries in
their response to the pandemic
(as per Lowy Institute, an Australian think-tank)
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 9
FEW COUNTRIES AND THEIR BEST PRACTICES FOR THE VACCINE DRIVE-THRU The first wave of novel coronavirus had left public hospitals and the personnel in Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) countries like Lebanon, Morocco or Tunisia, exhausted. It has also severely impacted the public trust on the overall management and of the crisis and credibility of figures. But on the other hand, some countries have also successfully adopted rapid, decisive and innovative measures to contain the virus Smooth crisis management developed by Jordan Virtual doctors and sanitising robots in the UAE Ramping up domestic masks and test production in Morocco Health Insurance funds for citizens called HMOs in Israel 10 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021
All Eyes on India…
JANUARY 16, 2021
India began one of the world’s biggest Covid-19 vaccination drive to immunize its 1.3 billion plus
people. India has become the fastest country in the world to reach the 4 million Covid-19 vaccination
mark. The country has achieved this feat in 18 days, the government said on Wednesday.
(Source: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI; as of Jan 25, 2021)
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 11Prepping for Mass Vaccination Drive in India
Over 2 lakh people vaccinated across the
country in 3,350 sessions on the first day
Covishield manufactured at the Serum Institute
of India was available in all States and Bharat
Biotech’s Covaxin administered to only 12 States
11 million doses of Covishield and 5.5 million
of Covaxin to be administered to healthcare
workers, sanitation workers and municipal workers
Anyone can choose or decline a vaccine on
the basis of whether the potential risks outweigh
the benefits, final analysis of phase-3 trials & full
licensure yet to take monthsx
Inoculation of 3 crore front-line health
workers, and later 27 crore of the most
vulnerable to the disease by July 2021
Source: TOI; as of Jan 14, 2021
(Source: The Hindu)
12 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021There is Hope!
Once among the worst affected
countries in the world, India
showed a huge improvement.
From hitting a peak of over
97,000 new cases in a single
day last September, the country
is now consistently reporting
under 20,000 daily cases on an
average in Jan 2021.
More Recoveries
• India’s current recovery rate
at 96.5% is among the highest
in the world
• India’s Case Fatality Ratio
(CFR) stands at 1.4% which is
among the lowest CFR versus
other countries. Source: TOI; as of Jan 14, 2021
• Despite being a densely
populated nation, India has
been reporting just over 7,500
cases per million people
which is nearly 1/10th of the
US (averaging over 71,000
cases per million people.)
• India has witnessed only
one Covid peak, while US
& UK have already hit their
third peak with the virus not
receding.
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 13India Supporting Countries Against the Global
Pandemic Fight…
India has formally approved the
emergency use of two vaccines
against the coronavirus disease
(Covid-19) as it prepares for one
of the world’s biggest drives and
plans to inoculate some 300
million people on a priority list this
year. India has helped over 150
countries in global fight against
Covid-19 (Source: Statista)
“It’s great to see India’s
leadership in scientific “I would like to say how much
innovation and vaccine we count on India. I mean, India
“India continues to
manufacturing capability has one of the most advanced
take decisive action &
as the world works to end pharmaceutical industries. India
demonstrate its resolve
the COVID-19 pandemic” played a very important role in
to end #COVID19
Bill Gates, Co-chair, the production of generics for use
pandemic”
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that was a very important element
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of democratisation of access to
Director-General, WHO medicines all over the world”
Antonio Guterres
UN Secretary-General
14 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021A QUICK FAQ ABOUT VACCINATION
IN INDIA
1. Will it be compulsory for everyone to take the vaccine?’
No, you are free to decide whether you wish to take the vaccine or not.
2. Why can’t everyone take the vaccine right now?
The vaccination drive is being conducted in phases and the first phase attempts
to vaccinate 30 million frontline health workers. Next in line would be the
priority group aged above 50 years and people with comorbidities.
3. Who is bearing the vaccine cost?
The first phase of vaccination for the frontline workers is free of cost and is being
borne by the government of India.
4. If you have already tested positive for coronavirus, will you be vaccinated?
It is advisable to receive the vaccine shot irrespective of past history of infection.
5. How many doses of the vaccine will be given?
According to the government guidelines, 2 doses need to be administered
within a span of 28 days for effective immunisation.
6. Is it possible to get one dose of each type of vaccine?
No, only a single type should be used for both doses since the vaccines are not
substitutes.
7. Is there a way to register for the covid-19 vaccination?
All scheduling and tracking would be done by the Co-Win system.
8. Are on the spot registrations for vaccination allowed?
During the current phase, only pre-registered beneficiaries will be entertained.
This is done to ensure organizational efficiency.
9. What documents are required at the time of vaccination?
You compulsorily need one photo-ID for registration and verification. It can be
Driving license, pan card, voterID, MGNREGA job card etc.
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 15INDIA: SOME OF THE CHALLENGES The Indian government has taken the onus to plan and implement the world’s largest Coronavirus vaccination drive. The Central government aims to vaccinate 3 crore frontline and health workers during the first round of vaccine roll out. This brings along with it, gaps and challenges that may hinder our efforts and make immunization all the more difficult. DISRUPTION OF REGULAR IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS With limited health infrastructure and facilities, experts fear that childhood vaccination as well vaccination for pregnant women would suffer a setback due to efforts and resources being diverted towards the COVID-19 vaccination drive. The limited resources make it difficult to meet demands for both the immunization programs simultaneously. CONFIDENCE IN VACCINES AND THE DELIVERY SYSTEM Low turnouts for the vaccination drive are an indication of how confidence in the vaccine and delivery system is crucial. It is imperative to build public confidence so that we can maintain the pace of vaccine roll outs. Dissemination of inaccurate information may also make people hesitant and resistant to the new vaccine. INADEQUATE COLD CHAIN INFRASTRUCTURE There is huge inter-state disparity when it comes to cold-chain points and infrastructure. Richer and more developed states have a better cold-chain infrastructure. It might prove to be difficult to fill this gap owing to the fact that most private cold-chain networks are better established in cities and metros only. ABIDING BY GLOBAL STANDARDS OF VACCINE MANAGEMENT India’s performance has been suboptimal in areas of Pre-shipment and arrival procedures, Storage temperature, Storage capacity of stores and vehicles, among others. These findings by a global analysis conducted by WHO, highlight the caveats and raise a cause for concern. MICRO-LEVEL PLANNING An immunization drive like never before brings along with it challenges of distribution and exposes existent gaps in the system. Identifying the target population, scheduling and communicating the day, date, time and place as well as making sure everyone takes a second dose will prove to be a logistically difficult task for the government. 16 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: With varied weather conditions across different regions in the country, the vaccine
distribution and administration can create problems. The upcoming summer season will surely cause storage
problems and temperature fluctuations which may make the vaccine unfit for use.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION: Storage and distribution of vaccines will be a major issue as vaccines are
needed across the country, and not just in a particular region. Most cold chains are in dismal state and shape.
Temperature gauges are not exactly functional, storage and monitoring systems for vaccines are ineffective
and power cuts can lead to wastage of essential and scarce resources.
LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND WORKFORCE: The country lacks experience of vaccination of
people of all age groups. There is no adult vaccination programme in the country except tetanus for pregnant
women. Moreover, the scale and required workforce for this program is completely different from the regular
immunization programs.
RATE OF INFECTION: As vaccines have been rolled out, people may compromise on safety and social
distancing norms which may increase the rate of infection. The high population density further adds to the
problem.
FUNDING: Distribution of vaccines to all Indians will be a huge task. The government has set aside about Rs
50,000 crore ($7 billion) to vaccinate Indian citizens (approximately Rs 400-500) per person in the nation
of 1.3 billion. Besides, investment in cold chains needs to be to the order of five to 10 times than what is being
done currently.
TECHNOLOGY: A single system to track vaccines from factories to health facilities to, ultimately, those who
receive the vaccination is required. Such an end-to-end system is the need of the hour and is imperative to
avoid mixing up of data and incomplete records. Each transaction needs to be tracked digitally for data
transparency. There should be a unified system to track progress and all databases need to talk to each other
because information discrepancy can result in incomplete understanding of the vaccination efforts.
VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS: This may not be known for at least two or three years after receiving the shot.
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 17THE ROAD AHEAD...
While coming up with a vaccine was a major breakthrough, its procurement and equitable distribution
is even more challenging. The real test of our abilities and persistence would be in making billions of
doses available and helping those doses reach every nook and corner of the world.
Fostering a prompt and interactive network of both public-
private and public-public partnerships is essential for our journey
down the road of recovery. Identifying and ensuring access to required
physical logistics infrastructure, establishing IT-enabled supply chain
transparency and creating organisational structures and allocating
resources to coordinate the entire response management will help
minimize the challenges.
Comprehensive and inclusive model ensuring effective
distribution of the vaccine with a 1.35 billion population distributed
among varying strata and categories, comes the complexities arising
from, social, economic and humanitarian aspects. India ’ mass-
immunization experience with small-pox and polio has surely given us
much expertise in this domain.
The Covid-19 virus is still disrupting normal life. WHO has encouraged countries to take responsibility
to make sure every individual who requires the vaccine, gets it, irrespective of nationality, income-
level or any other discriminatory parameter.
18 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021HEALTHCARE DEMANDS
A SHARPER FOCUS IN 2021
Himanshu Sikka
Practice Lead- Health, Nutrition and WaSH
Forecasting healthcare demand is a tricky problem for providers and payers, made more complicated by a
patchwork of government insurance and healthcare delivery programs that complement private offerings. To
say it make budgeting tricky would be a laughable understatement.
Given this, the government in the upcoming budget needs to focus on following fronts where we lacked during
the pandemic:
Increase the ambit of Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY India still has very low
penetrations of health insurance. As a result, OOP expenses in healthcare in India is about
62% which is significantly higher than the global average of 18%. This got further exposed
during the pandemic where the people, in general, faced high medical bills’ wrath in the
absence of insurance coverage. The government needs to make necessary budgetary
provisions to enable increased insurance coverage and penetration of AB PM-JAY. PM-JAY
could also cover all taxpayers, thus acting as an incentive and essential safeguard for those
contributing to nation-building.
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 19Support Innovation Adoption and Scale-up The pandemic showed the robustness of
India’s private sector which was quick to respond and up its manufacturing capacity for necessary
drugs and other medical supplies, testing kits, PPEs, masks, etc. The government in the budget
needs to make special provisions to ensure that this momentum is not lost. Innovative financing
mechanisms, including easy availability for low-collateral debt for infrastructure expansion and
working capital requirements, need to be encouraged. The government could look at unique
credit lines, a dedicated grant fund for start-ups and innovators, or support financial structures
that enable blended finance solutions in healthcare space.
Take the opportunity of COVID-19 vaccine to establish long-lasting supply
chain infrastructure The government needs to ensure that the vaccination drive is not
seen as a one-time exercise but a chance to develop infrastructure to serve the nation and its
immunization targets in coming decades.
Focus on Skill Development in Healthcare Space Skilled workforce in healthcare
ecosystem remains a crucial gap. With new pandemics, products and technologies, continuous
learning and skill enhancement of the healthcare professionals is the need of the hour. The
government should provide incentives to private players who can contribute in this space
and help in the development of training infrastructure for hands-on training, knowledge and
skills enhancement. This needs to be at all levels from medical colleges to nursing schools and
paramedic training centres.
20 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021SUPPORTING THE FIGHT AGAINST THE VIRUS
We at IPE Global proactively realised the need to have a collective response strategy in place early on. Right
from setting up a COVID-19 response team to communicating in crisis, our teams have been continuously
supporting the government, policymakers, innovators and, local communities through our project interventions.
VRIDDHI Leveraging existing state and district level activities to integrate
COVID-19 response measures
»» Strengthening infection prevention control and practices at the facility level through self-administered
audits and checklists under Labour Room Quality Improvement (LaQshya)
»» Daily tracking of cases of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Health and Wellness Centers and
promoting hand washing practices
»» Strengthening Universal Precautions at the individual healthcare provider level using self-learning
Safe Delivery Apps
Rapid Response Team members (RRTs) to support COVID-19 vaccination
Supporting the Government of India is scaling-up the COVID-19 vaccine and
some of the important work of RRTs
»» Support district with preparedness, implementation and monitoring of COIVD-19 vaccine introduction
»» Interagency coordination for COVID-19 vaccine introduction and accountability mechanism of task
forces
»» Planning, capacity-building, implementation and monitoring of COVID-19 vaccine introduction
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 21Digital Healthcare in times of Pandemic
Supporting the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered tool for
screening of COVID-19 suspect cases
40+
Health Managers, Doctors, Staff Nurses and Lab Technicians
trained in Bihar & Odisha
#YouImpact2021 #SDG #Tech4D
COVID-19 Dashboard for Jammu & Kashmir
Supported the development of dashboard based on state’s specific requirements
in compliance with MoHFW reporting requirements.
»» Provides real time information about confirmed, active, recovered cases, deaths, positivity rate,
recovery rate fatality rate, test per million at a single glance
»» Swasthya Nidhi App provides real-time information on the various surveillance activities conducted
by the state
»» Arogya Setu app provides real-time information about uses, its correlation with NCDC users etc.
22 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021OUR STATE TEAM GETTING THE FIRST SHOT! “
“ I have just got my first jab, no adverse effects
Dr. Harish Kumar
Project Director- VRIDDHI
“ Proud to get the Made in India
vaccine and be a part of the largest
“
vaccination drive of the nation.
Dr Jaya Swarup Mohanty
STA, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
“ I was one of the early Corona
Vaccine (Covishield) recipient on
19th Jan. No adverse event. Eagerly
“
waiting for the second dose.
Meanwhile Covid Appropriate
Behaviours (CAB) to be followed
strictly.
Dr Sumant Mishra
Sr Advisor, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
“ First dose of Covishield vaccine got on 25th Jan 2021.
There was nice arrangement in Sadar Hospital in
Ranchi and I didn’t get any adverse reaction except
mild pain at the site of injection for few days.
“
Dr D P Taneja
STO, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 23“
Felt proud to get the 1st dose of vaccine at such an early stage
of the World’s largest vaccination drive that is in India. Also felt
thankful to the entire health system for working so efficiently
and gracefully. My belief in the country’s Aatmanirbhar ability
encouraged me to take the Made in India vaccine and encourage
“
others to take the vaccine and support the country’s cause for good.
I had no side effects except mild pain at the site of injection and was
back to normal routine after half hour of observation period post
vaccination.
Surajit Dey
Associate Manager - M&E, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
“ “
Took 1st dose of Covishield vaccine on 29th
Jan 2021 and was a very satisfying and
proud moment. I had no side effects and
feeling normal.
Amit Kumar
Program and Data Associate, Jharkhand
“ “
I got my Covishield 1st Dose vaccine on 19th
January 2021. After vaccination, I felt no pain
and no side effects. After the observation period, I
joined my routine work.
Chinmoy Sen
DTC, USAID-Vriddhi, Jharkhand
24 Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021“ “
I took vaccine at CHC Namkum on 29th January 2021.
Vaccination process was followed systematically at the
facility. I didnt feel any adverse effect. Best wishes for
others.
Mr Anil Prabhanjan
DTC, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
“ Finally I got vaccinated against Covid-19 with Covishield vaccine
on 29th Jan. I had suffered from Covid-19 along with my whole
family and faced quite a bit of hardship. So it was a big relief to
be vaccinated. It also feels great that the vaccine was made in
our country. In my professional life I have closely worked with
immunisation activities. So when the time came I trusted the
scientific prowess of our nation and readily accepted the vaccine.
I have also suffered from minor adverse effects like chills and rigor
“
after vaccination but nothing serious and out of expected effects of
vaccination. It is my belief that the vaccine and continued Covid
appropriate behaviour will help us win over the pandemic in
coming months.
Dr Sourav Ghosh Dastidar
STO, USAID Vriddhi, Jharkhand
“
“ Feeling great and proud to be vaccinated by
the Made in India vaccine.
Vijay Kishore Dubey
DTC, Jharkhand USAID-Vriddhi, Jharkhand
Planet IPE I FEBRUARY 2021 25Care for one, care for all.
Visit www.ipeglobal.com or write to us at connect@ipeglobal.com
Visit www.ipeglobal.com/covid-19/ to know about our intervention in mitigating the crisis.
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