PNVA Update: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug versus Trissolcus japonicus - Michael R. Bush, WSU Extension & Joshua Milnes, WA State University
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PNVA Update:
Brown Marmorated
Stink Bug versus
Trissolcus japonicus
Michael R. Bush, WSU Extension
&
Joshua Milnes, WA State University
An Emerging Insect Pest of Concern
Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys
• Found on ornamental trees
• Emerge as a crop pest
• It will impact vegetable, fruit,
berries, nuts, soybeans, maize
& hops production
• Emerge as a nuisance pest
• It will impact local residents
as it invades homes in autumn.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Distribution in 2009
1st detection –
➢In 2010, reported in Allentown, PA
2001
➢Michigan
➢Ohio
➢Researchers felt
that it was only a
matter of time for
WA State!
Stink Bug Damage to Vegetable Crops
• Vegetable crop hosts: tomato, green bean, beans, pea, pepper,
cabbage/cauliflower, cucumber, squash & pumpkin
• Agronomic crops: hops, soybean, corn, sunflower
• Fruit crops: apple, peach, Asian pear, pear, cherry, raspberry, blueberry,
grape, currant (citrus).
Distribution of BMSB in WA State for 2012
WA Counties (2):
Clark
Skamania
Wanted Poster
Dead or Alive
Email images to
Stink Bugs At Large in Washington State Mike Bush at
bushm@wsu.edu
Adult Stink Bugs are a well-known family easily recognized by shield-like
shape, five-segmented antennae, and for producing a most disagreeable odor
when provoked. They can come in various shades of green, brown and black.
There are a number of species in this family that are known for unwanted feeding
and vandalism of plant crops like raspberries, apples, tomatoes and peppers.
They may attack and damage ornamental plants en mass.
Current Known Distribution of
Photo by TJ Mullinax
BMSB in WA State
BMSB
Whatcom
Confirmations- 320
Skagit County reports:
Benton Co- 22
Snohomish Franklin- 2
Douglas
Kitsap Spokane
BMSB Hotspots:
Clark Co.
Walla Walla Co.
Grant
Yakima Co.
Pierce Whitman King Co.
Lewis Franklin
2012 to 2017:
2 to 21 counties
report BMSB
Pest Management of BMSB
• Sample first! Pesticide applications effective
when BMSB nymphs are present.
• Why are pesticides not as
effective as we hoped
▪ Highly mobile adult
▪ Numerous weed hosts
▪ Urban/suburban interface =
Source of BMSB
• Feeding behavior reduces contact with
pesticide residues; BMSB does not
ingest surface residues.
An Update on the Distribution
of the Brown Marmorated
Stink Bug in WA and Potential
Biocontrol Options
Samurai wasp
Brown Marmorated Stink (BMSB)
Biological Control of Pests Using Egg Parasitoids
• Egg parasitoids are a major
source of biological control for
stink bugs
• Sentinel egg mass surveys
nation wide
• Native egg parasitoids are
tested to see if they will attack
BMSB:
▪ Super Family: Eupelmidae- Anastatus,
Ooencyrtus
▪ Super Family: Scelionidae- Trissolcus,
Telenomus.Samurai wasp
East Asia – Looking for a
Solution to the BMSB
• 2007, foreign exploration by
Dr. Kim Hoelmer and
associates
• Locations: China, Japan and
South Korea Photo: K Hoelmer
•
Trissolcus japonicus
In 2007, Trissolcus japonicus
(Samurai wasp) was placed
Photo: E. Talamas
under quarantine in 5
locations across the USA.
Data by Dr. Kim Hoelmer. 2015 USDA-ARS-BIIRU-Newark.• Choice/No-choice tests preformed with different stink bug species egg masses to a mated female Samurai wasp “Title” Data by Kim Hoelmer. 2015 USDA-ARS-BIIRU-Newark.
Host Range Test for the Samurai Wasp with Native Stink Bug
Vs BMSB: Choice Test OutcomesThe Impact of the
Samurai Wasp on BMSB
• Short development time
• 10 generations/year
Photo: J. Milnes
• Female-biased sex ratio
• May attack all eggs in a host’s
egg mass
• Males emerge first and wait to
mate with emerging females
Photo: J. Milnes
Data by Dr. Kim Hoelmer. 2015 USDA-ARS-BIIRU-Newark.Sentinel Egg Masses Survey in Yakima, WA
Photo: J. Milnes Photo: J. MilnesSentinel Egg Mass
Incubation Process
• Predators observed attacking
the BMSB eggs:
• Earwigs, flies, spiders, big-eyed
bugs, lacewings instars
• Eggs collected from the field
were placed in a small petri-
dish and put in the incubator
at room temperature
• Observed for any egg
parasitoids to emerge from
native and non-native stink
bug eggs. Photos: J. MilnesDeveloping a Sustainable IPM Program
using Biocontrol
Data by Dr. Kim Hoelmer. 2017 USDA-ARS-BIIRU-Newark and the Northeastern IPM Center.Discovery of the Samurai Wasp in Vancouver 2015
and in Walla Walla 2017
• First sighting of Photo of Tj
Samurai wasp in a park
in Vancouver WA
• Second sighting of
Samurai wasp in a park
in Walla Walla WA.
“Title” Photo: J. Milnes Vine Maple Photo: J. MilnesChoice Tests in the Field
Comparing EM of Native Stink Bugs Vs BMSB in Vancouver WA
Photo: J. MilnesRelease of Samurai Wasp in Washington State 2017
• Release of the Samurai wasp in Yakima WA
• 21 parasitized EMs were placed in the field.
Photo: J. Milnes Photo: J. MilnesWhat does the Future Hold for Trissolcus japonicus
the Samurai Wasp
• 1) More release of the Samurai wasp in new areas
• 2) Looking at ‘non-target effects’ (e.g., could the
Samurai wasp attack US native stink bug eggs?)
Photo: J. Milnes
• 3) Looking at the Samurai wasp host plant range in
urban areas in Washington state (e.g., would there be
enough diversity in nectar host plants to support the
wasp population?)
• 4) Native and introduced enemies may provide the most
promising long-term solutions for landscape-level Photo: J. Milnes
reduction of BMSB population in Washington.Photo: J. Milnes
Acknowledgements
Dr. Michael Bush WSU
Extension and Gwen Hoheisel
WSU Extension for their
advice and help along the way.
A newly-molted BMSB nymphQuestions?
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