Why care about metropolitan and regional perspectives? - Metropolitan challenges and solutions
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Metropolitan challenges and solutions –
Why care about metropolitan and
regional perspectives?
Irma Karjalainen, Director ,
Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY,
LUMAT Conference, 25 September 2018 , Ljubjana
Agenda • What
• Helsinki region and governance
• Why
• Environmental and planning challenges
• How
• Coordinated regional planning of housing,
land use and transport system
• Monitoring
• Conclusions
Irma Karjalainen 25.9.2018
Governance and mix of voluntary cooperation
networks
Helsinki Region
FINLAND –voluntary cooperation
5,5 mill
- 14 municipalities (1,5 mill)
FUA
Helsinki
1) Helsinki Uusimaa
County Council
26 municipalities
1,6 mill inh.
2) HRT - Helsinki Region
Transport Authority
3) HSY - Helsinki Region Population
Environmental Services Metro Area 1,2 mill.
Authority Helsinki 640 000
Why ?
- care about regional perspective?
- why is cooperation in planning important?
Challenges - in regional and spatial planning
Sustainable
accessibility – local Climate change –
Urban sprawl - need accessibility of services mitigation,
for sustainable planning and jobs by sustainable adaptation
and monitoring the modes of transportation
development
Affordable
Weakening public housing
finances
Globalization
Demographic changes – Digitalization
ageing,
immigration, segragation
Need for participation
Energy revolution Urbanization and
metropolization - strong
growth or recession of
different areas
Densification is good for the climate and for the economy
Businesses and
people optimise
66 % their geographic
locations
Of workplaces are located near
railway stations
Half of the people live near stations
5%
Doubling density
increases productivity
by an average of 2-4 %
Lähde HSY
Irma Karjalainen 14.8.2018
Loikkanen,Laakso 2016, Florida R.2012
How ? Governance and cooperation
Land use planning system in Finland
VOLUNTARY
National land use CO-OPERATION:
guidelines Land use, housing
Council of state ratifies and transport
S
T REGIONAL Drafted and
A LAND approved
T USE PLAN by Regional
U Council
T
O MAL- agreement
LOCAL MASTER between
R PLANS Drafted and
the state and
Y approved
by municipalities
municipalities
LOCAL DETAILED
PLANS +Municipal
building code
IK, Modified from a structure of Helsinki Uusimaa regional council
Regional land use planning in Uusimaa County
• Strategic planning of land use in the
area of 26 municipalities - Main
principles > 2050
• A long-term plan of urban and green
structures and transportation network
on general level
• A guide to municipal planning and
• Defines international, national and
regional interests.
Where are the urban areas that
will the most important in the future?
The 3 structural models of the region 2050:
Model 1: Model 2: Model 3:
”Centralized growth” ”Polycentric growth” ”Scattered growth”
Population
and
green
structure
Jobs and
transport
investmentsIntegrated planning process of land use, housing
strategy and transport system plan.
MAL‐ agreement
2016-2019
MAL:
A regional land
use, housing and
transport plan with
concrete actions
agreed by the
Helsinki region’s
14 municipalities
and the state.
HSL Valkonen 2015Defining clear and shared goals at the regional level
Location of new housing
Sustainable management of Reducing carbon next to existing centers
growth – supporting public emissions and connections
transport and services
Location of new
housing next to
the stations
Welfare – of Improving the service
humans and nature level of sustainable
modes of transport
Improving the
accessibility of the Accessibility of
region services and jobs
Location of
Protecting malls into
Sustainable Concentration and the centers
competitiveness centralization biodiversityTransport system – accessibility and regional solutions
LAND USE PLANNING TRANSPORT
State’s transport policy
Land use and building act
guidelines, financing , taxes
MORE
Regional Regional
Land use transport
Opportunities
PlanRkennus-järjestysa
to create system
Municipal rapid and reliable Transport planning
planning
Masterplan public transport municipal
LESS Local
Local
detailed street
plans planning
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
Paris agreement and UN’s Sustainable
Irma Karjalainen 14.8.2018 Development GoalsCommitment - Engagement
1. Creating a shared vision and goals:
a study trip and workshops
2. Learning , seminars, discussions >
sensemaking together – a draft
3. Creating commitment –
conferences, regular meetings
with stakeholdersA Letter of Intent and the Contracting Parties • Goverment: ¾ Ministry of Transport and Communications ¾ Ministry of the Environment ¾ Finnish Transport Agency ¾ Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Uusimaa ¾ The Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland (ARA) • Helsinki region’s 14 municipalities • Helsinki Regional Transport Authority
Results
Housing production in the Helsinki Region 1998-2017
Estimate 18 000 for
the year 2018
14.000
12.000
20 years
Completed homes
10.000
average,
Metropolitan
area
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
• In 2016-2017 27 731 new housing units
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 • Equals
2002 992005
2003 2004 % of2006
the 2007
Agreement’s
2008 2009objective
MA-aiesopimus MAL-aiesopimus
2010 2011 MAL-sopimus
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Pääkaupunkiseutu KUUMA-kunnat
20 vuoden keskiarvo Tavoite Agreements: 2008, 2011, 2015
And the next plan is in process to be signed by 2019
• In 2016-2017 - 27 700 new housing units = 99 % of goal 17Monitoring - 14 municipalities’ housing projects
2016-17> almost 24 000 new homes
Completed homes 2016-2017
86 %
of the new homes were built on the
targetted areasle
14 Municipalities
Helsinki
Vantaa
Espoo
Järvenpää
Nurmijärvi
Kerava
Hyvinkää
Kirkkonummi
Tuusula
Sipoo
Vihti
Mäntsälä
Kauniainen
Pornainen
Number of completed homes
0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000 10.000
18Monitoring- the location of 14 municipalities’ housing
projects
Spatial data – is the key
Half of the new
housing is located in
walking distance from
railway stations
The location of state-subsidized
housing production was also
monitoredHelsinki harbours become houses and services
Brownfield development in Arabian ranta, Jätkäsaari, Kalasatama
Kalasatama, Smart
City district
Kalasatama
JätkäsaariMain road and track investments in the Helsinki
Region 2000–2016Investments in transport infrastructure
• Cost of investments is
shared between the state Investment projects
and municipalities 2015-2025
53 % municipalities,
47 % state Ring Rail Line 2015.
West Metro linking
Helsinki to southern
Ring road 2
Espoo 2017
and 3
investments
12.10.2018 22What have we learned ?
Conclusions
• The shared goals should be based on the
future scenarios >impact of climate
change
• Participation is essential –Engagement
• Build social capacity
• Experts should be used - both internal
and external - better quality
LEADERSHIP! • Regional scale – to understand impact of
local decisions on the functional urban
The responsible area FUA.
political leadership
based on facts • Impact assessment must be integrated
and knowledge -
is the key to • The goals should be monitored and
reported frequently
success.Thank you ! More information: irma karjalainen@hsy.fi HSY Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority www.hsy.fi/en Helsinki‐Uusimaa Regional Council www. uudenmaanliitto.fi/en HSL Helsinki Region Transport www.hsl.fi/en/
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