PUBLIC HEALTH EVENT FOLLOW UP: COVID-19 06/03/20 - WIV-ISP

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PUBLIC HEALTH EVENT FOLLOW UP: COVID-19 06/03/20 - WIV-ISP
PUBLIC HEALTH EVENT FOLLOW UP:
                      COVID-19 - 06/03/20

 1. Risk assessment ............................................................................................................................................ 1
 2. Epidemiological evolution ............................................................................................................................ 2
 3. Geographical spread ..................................................................................................................................... 4

                                                     1. Risk assessment
1.1. CONTEXT
          In December 2019, the health authorities in Wuhan, China, reported a cluster of patients with
           pneumonia of unknown cause. A new type of coronavirus was identified as the cause. Since then, the
           epidemic has spread to many countries on all continents.
          03/02/2020: First case in Belgium, in an asymptomatic person repatriated from Wuhan.
          23/02/2020: Increase of number of cases in Italy, in 3 clusters. No clear link with travel to China or a
           confirmed case.
          01/03/2020: Increasing number of cases in the EU/EEA and UK without defined chain of transmission,
           leading to imported cases in Belgium, following the end of the holidays.

1.2. RISK MODIFICATION: NOT CHANGED
        Symptoms are most often mild in a healthy person and the severity still moderate with a case fatality
         rate about 2%, mainly in persons having underlying health conditions, or in older age groups.
        Virus has been found in asymptomatic persons but there is no evidence that they are able to transmit
         the virus at that moment.
        Belgium is prepared and medical doctors are informed.
        The increasing number of cases in the EU/EEA and the UK, and the end of the holidays with returning
         travelers increases the risk of more imported cases.
        Based on the epidemiological situation, under daily monitoring, the case definition was changed on
         05/03. The number of regions in Italy considered as risk areas has been expanded, and all severe
         respiratory tract infections with hospitalization (excluding those of suspected bacterial origin) are
         considered as suspected cases, irrespective of travel history. The observed increase in number of
         cases in France and Germany is mainly related to localized clusters, and at this stage, these countries
         are not included.

1.3. ASSESSMENT
Considering these elements, health authorities initiated phase 2 of the Belgian pandemic plan on the 1st of
March.

Update 06/03/2020
2. Epidemiological evolution
Situation in Belgium
On the 6th of March, a total of 109 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in Belgium, of which the majority in
Flanders (60%), 29% in Wallonia and 11% in Brussels. No deaths have been reported. The age of the cases
ranges between 6 and 76 years, with a median age of 39 years. Sex ratio m/f : 1.5.

Number of new cases of COVID-19 by day, by continent

Distribution of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK and Switzerland and
additional countries
(Source : ECDC)
Evolution of the case fatality rate among laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 (Worldwide)

The evidence from analyses of cases to date is that COVID-19 infection causes mild disease in about 80%
of cases, 14 % have more severe disease and 6% experience critical illness.

The median age of cases detected outside of China: 45 years (2 to 74 y).

Number of laboratory-confirmed cases among health care workers in China: 1716. Among them 5 have
died (data published on 18/02/2020).

Overview of the epidemiological situation worldwide
 Date            Cumulative   Cumulative    Cumulative      Case                 Context
                 number of      cases       number of      fatality
                  Cases in    elsewhere       Deaths         rate
                   China*
 Past weeks
 18-24/01/2020       882           15            26         2.9%      All public traffic and public
                                                                      places closed in
                                                                      Wuhan/Huanggang on 23/01.
                                                                      All Chinese provinces affected.
 25-31/01/2020      9 734         102           213         2.2%      First cases in EU (France,
                                                                      Germany, UK, Italy).
                                                                      WHO declares Public Health
                                                                      Emergency of International
                                                                      Concern (31/01).
 01-07/02/2020     31 217         286           638          2.0%     First death outside China (in
                                                                      The Philippines).
                                                                      Repatriation of 9 Belgian
                                                                      residents in Wuhan, in
                                                                      quarantine at military hospital.
                                                                      One asymptomatic person
                                                                      tested positive for 201-_nCoV
                                                                      (04/02).
08-14/02/2020            64 021              523          1 383             2.1%    The case definition in Hubei
                                                                                     province changed. All clinically
                                                                                     diagnosed cases now also
                                                                                     count as confirmed cases
                                                                                     together with lab-confirmed
                                                                                     cases.
 15-22/02/2020            76 388             1 437         2 359             3.0%    Singapore and Hong Kong have
                                                                                     declared low-level community
                                                                                     transmission. Two new
                                                                                     countries (Lebanon and Israel)
                                                                                     reported cases. An increase of
                                                                                     cases is reported in South-
                                                                                     Korea and in Italy.
 Current week
 23-29/02/2020            79 355             5 847         2 921             3.4%    Several countries reported
                                                                                     cases for the first time.
                                                                                     Further increase of number of
                                                                                     cases in Iran, Italy, South Korea
                                                                                     and Japan. WHO increased the
                                                                                     assessment of the risk of
                                                                                     spread and the risk of impact of
                                                                                     COVID-19 to very high at a
                                                                                     global level.
 01/03/2020               79 929             7 094         2 979             3.4%    A second case confirmed in
                                                                                     Belgium. Health authorities
                                                                                     initiate phase 2 of the pandemic
                                                                                     plan.
 02/03/2020               80 134             8 934         3 046             3.4%    Six new cases in Belgium, in
                                                                                     people returning from Italy.
 03/03/2020               80 261             10 402        3 124             3.4%    Six new cases in Belgium: five
                                                                                     in people returning from Italy,
                                                                                     one contact of confirmed case.
 04/03/2020               80 380             12 696        3 202             3.4%    Nine new cases in Belgium, in
                                                                                     people returning from Italy.
 05/03/2020               80 524             14 818        3 282             3.4%    The number of countries
                                                                                     reporting cases continues to
                                                                                     rise. Three more countries in
                                                                                     Europe reported cases for the
                                                                                     first time.
 06/03/2020               80 667             17 504        3 385             3.4%    59 new cases confirmed in
                                                                                     Belgium; majority returning from
                                                                                     Italy, but also contaminations in
                                                                                     Belgium.
* including Special Administrative Regions

                                     3. Geographical spread
Number of cases by country on 06/03/2020
 Date first                          Country                       Nb cases         Deaths
 case
 31/12/2019       China                                             80 667          3 044
                  (incl. Special Administrative Regions)
 Europe                                                             5 338            161
                  Germany                                            400
                  France                                             423              7
UK                        115      1
31/01     Italy                    3 858    148
          Spain                     261      3
04/02     Belgium                   109
30/01     Finland                   12
          Sweden                    61
01/02     Russia                     4
26/02     Austria                   41
          Croatia                   10
          Switzerland               87       1
27/02     Denmark                   20
          Georgia                    9
          Greece                    32
          North Macedonia            1
          Norway                    86
          Romania                    6
28/02     The Netherlands           82
          Belarus                    6
          Estonia                    5
          Lithuania                  1
          San Marino                22       1
29/02     Azerbaijan                 6
          Iceland                   35
          Monaco                     1
01/03     Armenia                    1
          Ireland                   13
          Luxemburg                  1
02/03     Czech Republic            12
03/03     Andorra                    1
          Latvia                     1
          Portugal                   9
04/03     Poland                     1
          Ukraine                    1
05/03     Hungary                    2
          Liechtenstein              1
          Slovenia                   6
          Bosnia And Herzegovina     2
Asia                               10 711   160
America                             311      12
Oceania                             63       2
Africa                              29       0
TOTAL WORLWIDE                     98 171   3 385
Worldwide distribution of COVID-19 cases

Source: WHO Situation reports: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-
reports/
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