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          No 20 / 14 May 2020                                              www.new-ships.net

                    Merchant newbuilding orders continued at relatively low levels
                    this week but with some signs of new activity. South Korean
                    yards won orders from Greece for tankers, with talk low prices
                    in the current depressed market are starting to spark purchase
                    interest. The Netherlands won orders for a product tanker and
                    a series of dredgers. European yards also won orders for smaller
                    vessels including a ferry and wind farm support craft. The naval
                    sector was active, with the British defence ministry to restart
                    a tender to build naval supply vessels. The U.S. Navy plans to
                    order a new concept for light landing ship while Australia’s huge
                    submarine construction project is getting underway.

                                 PROSPECTS AND ORDERS

EUROPE
ESTONIA   BLRT to build passenger/vehicle ferry
          Estonian yard BLRT Grupp will build a ferry for Lithuania's state-run ferry company
          Smiltynes Perkela at a cost of 6 million euros. It will be delivered in summer 2021. The
          ferry will be designed by Western Baltic Engineering and built by Western Shipyard,
          both part of the BLRT. The 60m-long ferry will be capable of carrying up to 1,000
          passengers, or 40 passenger cars and 600 passengers, or eight commercial vehicles up to
          44 tonnes in total weight. Some 85% of finance for the ferry's construction will come
          from the Lithuanian branch of Finland's OP Corporate Bank.
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              CONTACT

              BLRT Grupp AS, Kopli 103, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia. Tel. ++372 610 24 08. Fax ++372 610 29 99.
              Email blrt@blrt.ee Web www.blrt.ee/en

NETHERLANDS   Thun orders product tanker
              Shipping company Thun Tankers BV, part of Swedish shipping group Erik Thun,
              has placed an order with Dutch yard Scheepswerf Ferus Smit for one more 4,250dwt
              product tanker. The tanker will be delivered in May 2022. Together with one previously
              ordered sister ship, it will enter into a long-term agreement with UK based Geos Group
              Ltd. Both vessels will be built with “Not Always Afloat But Safely Aground” concept,
              being able to call at tidal restricted small ports. Ferus Smit has previously built over 35
              vessels for the Erik Thun group.
              CONTACT

              Scheepswerf Ferus Smit B.V., Scheepswervenweg 7, 9608 PD Westerbroek, The Netherlands.
              Tel. ++31 50 404 25 55. Email info@ferus-smit.nl Web www.ferus-smit.nl

              Dutch dredgers for operation in Africa
              Dutch yard Royal IHC said it has signed three contracts with the Jordan-based Arab Pot-
              ash Company (APC) to deliver two cutter suction dredgers (CSDs) plus a workboat while
              the company also has a separate order for a dredger for Cameroon in Africa. The first
              contract comprises the delivery of a custom-built CSD to be named Alkaramah which is
              based on a modified IHC Beaver 65 DDSP design. It will have three different working
              depth ranges: up to 18m, 25m and 32m. A work boat modified from a DMC 1450 is
              also part of the contract and both units will be made suitable for operations in the Dead
              Sea. Included in the contract will be the supply and international transport of equipment
              and services to ensure a smooth start-up of activities at two different locations. APC will
              deploy the CSD at the Dead Sea in Jordan, where it will be initially used to develop a new
              pump station. After completion, the Alkaramah will be modified by IHC and redeployed
              to APC’s Salt Ponds to support the existing fleet in the cutting and removal of crystallised
              salt. The contract for the second dredger is for a custom-built vessel named Alyarmouk, a
              3,557-kW CSD. Cameroon’s Port Authority of Douala has also ordered an IHC Easy-
              dredge trailing suction hopper dredger with a 3,000cu.m hopper capacity. This vessel will
              be used to dredge the access channel to the port of Douala-Bonabéri.
              CONTACT

              Royal IHC, Smitweg 6, 2961 AW Kinderdijk, P.O. Box 1, 2960 AA Kinderdijk, The Netherlands.
              Tel. ++31 88 015 25 35. Email info@royalihc.com Web www.royalihc.com

              Contract for another IHC dredger
              Dutch yard Royal IHC also said it has a contract to design and build of a dredger for the
              North Carolina State Ports Authority in the United States. The construction, procure-
              ment of the main components, assembly and testing will be performed in the United
              States following the Jones Act regulations which compel that ships operating in U.S.
              waters are built in U.S. yards. The water injection dredger has a flow rate of 4,500cu.m
              an hour and a dredging depth of 16.7m.
              CONTACT
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            Royal IHC, Smitweg 6, 2961 AW Kinderdijk, P.O. Box 1, 2960 AA Kinderdijk, The Netherlands.
            Tel. ++31 88 015 25 35. Email info@royalihc.com Web www.royalihc.com

            New type of gas barges to operate on river Rhine
            A Dutch-led yard consortium is continuing to build a new type of efficient barges to
            transport gas on the river Rhine for customer Ineos Trading & Shipping. Three have
            been completed and will be among the largest gas barges operating on the river Rhine. A
            fourth vessel is expected to be finished later this year. The Dutch yard Teamco Shipyard
            in Heusden sub-contracted hull construction to Rensen-Driessen Shipbuilding B.V of
            the Netherlands and then had work completed by the partner Stocznia Sp. Zo.o. yard in
            Poland. Veka Shipbuilding Group in Werkendam completed the construction in Holland.
            The barges have three times the cargo capacity of typical gas barges and will be fully built
            to the new ADN gas barge 2019 standard. They will enable the efficient and competitive
            delivery of butane gas from the Antwerp, Rotterdam, Amsterdam region to the INEOS
            ethylene cracker facility at Cologne in Germany. In addition, they will provide INEOS
            Trading & Shipping with options to effectively trade butane in Europe. The build project
            was managed by Imperial Gas Barging, who will also operate the barges on behalf of Ineos.
            CONTACT

            TeamCo Shipyard BV, Bakkersdam 1a, 5256 PK Heusden, The Netherlands. Tel. ++31 416 66
            55 00. Fax ++31 416 66 55 05. Email info@teamcoshipyard.nl. Web www.teamcoshipyard.nl

            New workboat design for fish farming
            Dutch yard group Damen has announced a new workboat for the aquaculture industry.
            The Damen Utility Vessel (UV) 2613 is designed to handle work including harvesting,
            net cleaning and diving support to de-licing of fish. It is 26m long overall, with a load
            line length of 24m and the vessel is also below 200gt. The type is prepared for IMO Tier
            III emission standards. The vessel comes ready for the installation of a Damen NOX
            Reduction System, selective catalytic conversion technology that can be installed during
            construction or as a retrofit to achieve Tier III compliancy. The vessel can also be fitted
            with battery packs for silent operations. The UV 2613 can be installed with DP1, a
            multiple mooring system and a towing winch. It can even be fitted with a ramp in order
            to perform ferry duties if required. A cargo hold of 85sq.m facilitates harvesting as well
            as dry cargo transportation and storage of diving equipment. The vessel can be fitted
            with several cranes with a capacity of up to 220 tonnes. The vessel’s azimuth thrusters,
            together with a bow thruster, ensure manoeuvrability.
            CONTACT

            Damen Shipyards Group, Head Office, Industrieterrein, Avelingen West 20 4202 MS Gorin-
            chem, The Netherlands. Tel. ++31 183 63 99 11. Fax ++31 183 63 21 89. Email info@damen.
            com. Web www.damen.com

    SPAIN   Gondan and Balenciaga jointly ink SOV deal
            Spanish yards Gondan and Balenciaga have jointly won an order to build four offshore
            wind farm support vessels from Norwegian customer Ostensjo Rederi. The order is for
            two service operation vessels (SOVs) and two commissioning service operation vessels
            (CSOVs). The vessels will be able to sail with zero emissions because of the capability
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                 for hydrogen propulsion. The SOVs will be of 84m length and 18.6m beam and will
                 support the maintenance of wind turbines. The two CSOVs will measure 88.3m long
                 and 19.7m wide and will support the commissioning of wind farms while also handling
                 maintenance tasks. The vessels will be able to achieve zero-emission operation in the near
                 future using hydrogenated liquid (LOHC) as a source of propulsion. They will be fitted
                 with Voith cycloidal thrusters with permanent magnet motors. This technology, consist-
                 ing of the transformation of a conventional cycloidal drive into a 100% electric drive,
                 will result in a reduction in weight and consumption, while minimising acoustic emissi-
                 ons. They will have an electric architecture with the capacity to recover energy that, after
                 being stored in the battery packs installed on the ship, will be able to meet the needs of
                 peak demand for power and the integrated remote control system. An advanced recovery
                 system for all heat sources on board allows maximum use of energy. The CSOVs will
                 accommodate 120 people. To achieve greater stability, ships will be equipped with stabi-
                 lisation systems for static and dynamic mode. The SOVs will have accommodation of 60
                 people and similar technology to the other vessels.
                 CONTACT

                 Mr Gervasio Rodriguez, The Purchasing Manager, Gondan Shipbuilders, Puerto de Figueras,
                 s/n 33794 Castropol Asturias, Spain. Tel. ++34 985 63 62 50. Fax ++34 985 63 62 98. Email
                 apr@gondan.com Web www.gondan.com

UNITED KINGDOM   British defence ministry to restart tender for supply vessels
                 The British defence ministry is to restart a competition later this year to select a shipyard
                 to build up to three logistics ships to support the British navy’s new aircraft carrier fleet.
                 The competition to build up to three 40,000-tonne vessels called the Fleet Solid Support
                 programme was expected to have been worth as much as 1.5 billion pounds (US$1.8
                 billion) at the time the competition was unexpectedly stopped in November 2019. The
                 tender had been controversial after Government decided to open the design to European
                 Union and other international shipyards, rather than reserve the order for a British yard.
                 The defence ministry said at the time that it stopped the newbuilding tender due to a
                 failure to find a value-for-money solution in negotiations with shipbuilders. The tender
                 was suspended while Britain was still a member of the European Union, now Britain has
                 left the EU but is still in a final transition period so it is unclear if EU yards will be invi-
                 ted to take part in the new tender. British defence minister Mr Ben Wallace told the par-
                 liamentary Defence Committee that he expected the tender will take place in September
                 this year. The vessels will be operated by the British naval supply service, the Royal Fleet
                 Auxiliary, and will supply ammunition, dry stores and spares to aircraft carrier groups
                 and other maritime task groups. Critics pointed out that other European Union member
                 states have previously blocked foreign bids for naval supply ship contracts. Industry exe-
                 cutives suspected the cash-short defence ministry opened the competition to EU yards to
                 keep the cost to a minimum, following in the example of its purchase of four new fleet
                 oil tankers for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary built by South Korea’s Daewoo Shipbuilding and
                 Marine Engineering. By the time the ministry suspended the competition, the yards bid-
                 ding were a British consortium consisting of Babcock, BAE Systems, Cammell Laird and
                 Rolls-Royce while the international bidders were Fincantieri (Italy), Navantia (Spain)
                 and Japan Marine United Corporation (Japan).
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              CONTACT

              British defence ministry, online supplier registration www.contracts.mod.uk/delta/signup.
              html?userType=supplier

       ASIA
      JAPAN   Approval for dual-fuelled bulk carrier design
              Japanese classification society ClassNK has granted an approval in principle (AiP) to Japa-
              nese yard Imabari Shipbuilding for its concept design of an 180,000dwt bulk carrier using
              an liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual-fuel propulsion system. The design has been de-
              veloped in cooperation with Japan’s Mitsubishi Shipbuilding. The AiP was granted to the
              concept design based on ClassNK’s guidelines for ships using low-flashpoint fuels includ-
              ing LPG. The main features of the design announced by Imabari Shipbuilding are that
              it eliminates the necessity for special consideration of boil-off gas. The concept involves
              handling LPG at room temperature and high pressure, which makes the ship’s operation
              easier. In addition, the ship has been designed with extensive consideration towards cost
              competitiveness by eliminating to use low-temperature materials such as stainless steel and
              insulation. The LPG tank is designed to be installed in the aft area of the bridge and will
              provide round-trip distance capacity for sailings between Japan and Australia.
              CONTACT

              Imabari Shipbuilding Co., 1-4-52 Koura-cho, Imabari, Ehime 799-2195, Japan. Web www.
              imazo.co.jp

SOUTH KOREA   Daehan wins tanker order
              Brokers say South Korean yard Daehan Shipbuilding has an order for one 115,000dwt
              tanker from Greek shipping company Neda Maritime. The type long range 2 vessel is
              scheduled to be delivered in 2021. The order includes one option for a repeat vessel.
              Estimated price is around US$50 million per ship.
              CONTACT

              Daehan Shipbuilding, Tel. ++82 61 531 01 14. Email imd14u@daehanship.com Web www.
              daehanship.com

              Tankers for Greece reported
              Brokers say Greek shipowner C.M. Lemos has ordered two 158,000dwt tankers at South
              Korean yard Hyundai Samho. The contract includes two options for repeat vessels. The
              vessels are due to be delivered by the first quarter of 2022. The order will be worth about
              US61 million per ship.
              CONTACT

              Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries Co Ltd, 1700, Yongdang ri, Samho eup Yeongam gun
              Jeollanam do, 526 701 South Korea. Tel. ++82 52 202 39 95. Fax ++82 61 460 37 07. Email
              asteam@hshi.co.kr Web www.hshi.co.kr/main/main.asp

              Project for new type of LNG bunker vessel
              A South Korean consortium has started building a small liquefied natural gas (LNG)
              bunkering vessel of 500cu.m in a project supported by Korea’s Ministry of Oceans and
              Fisheries. The ministry is financing the development while the project is led by the Ko-
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                  rea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), shipbuilder EK Heavy
                  Industries, engineering group Mytec, steelmaker Posco and LNG-fuelling station deve-
                  loper Valmax. This will be a new development for South Korea as the vessel features only
                  Korean technology. The vessel will also feature LNG propulsion and is scheduled for de-
                  livery in 2021. It should start LNG bunkering operations in 2023 after around one year
                  of sea trials. The vessel will be able to supply about five coastal vessels on a single LNG
                  load, the ministry said. Korean Register granted approval in principle to South Korea’s
                  Trans Gas Solution last year for their design. The project is a part of a new coastal LNG
                  bunkering system being developed in South Korea to serve LNG-fuelled ships. Trans Gas
                  Solution will oversee the development of the control system of the vessel including the
                  cargo handling system.
                  CONTACT

                  EK Heavy Industries, Web www.ekhi.co.kr/wp/en/business-2/offshore

        TURKEY    Live fish carriers for Norway
                  Turkey’s Sefine shipyard is working on an order to build six live fish carriers for Nor-
                  wegian customer DESS Aquaculture Shipping. All six vessels will have a live fish hold
                  capacity of 3,900cu.m, and will work under long-term contracts for Norwegian seafood
                  company Mowi ASA. They will be delivered by April 2021. The 84.4m-long and 16m-
                  wide vessels will feature a Schottel diesel-electric propulsion system comprising two
                  rudder propellers and two transverse thrusters. They will also feature Schottel’s Leacon
                  sealing system. The sealing system features separate seals on both the seawater and gear-
                  box sides to ensure that, in the event of leakage, any seawater entering the system or any
                  gear oil escaping from the system is collected in an intermediate chamber. This prevents
                  water from entering the gearbox and oil from escaping into the seawater. Schottel said
                  the combination will ensure that the vessels achieve optimum propulsion efficiency and
                  maximum manoeuvrability.
                  CONTACT

                  Sefine Shipyard, Hersek Mah. İpekyolu Cad. No:7, 77700 Altinova Yalova, Turkey. Tel. ++90
                  226 815 36 36. Fax ++90 226 815 36 37. Email newbuilding@sefine.com.tr Web www.sefine.
                  com.tr

NORTH AMERICA
  UNITED STATES   New concept for light landing ship
                  The U.S. Navy is moving forward with plans to order a large number of a new type
                  of landing ship called the Light Amphibious Warship. The vessel is seen as needed to
                  prepare for any future conflict with China in the Pacific. With affordability as one of the
                  main goals for the vessel, the Navy does not want a ship that costs over US$100 milli-
                  on per vessel. The plan is to put out a request for proposals to U.S. yards in early fiscal
                  year 2021 for the preliminary prototype design. The Navy is preparing for the detail
                  design phase to last the comparatively short time of between six and eight months and
                  for construction to take 24 months. The U.S.Navy is considering adapting an existing
                  design, using a commercial hull form to start with, or a so-called “Build to Print” ship
                  based on proven design elements and components. The first three vessels would be orde-
                  red in fiscal year 2023, six in 2024, ten in 2025 and nine in 2026. The Navy said it does
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            not anticipate employing a multiple design and shipyard approach similar to the concept
            used for the Littoral Combat Ship programme which suffered delays and cost over-
            runs. U.S. defence officials say the U.S. Marine Corps needs to recalculate to prepare
            for a conflict in the Pacific with countries like China. In the 2021 budget justification
            documents, the Navy requested US$30 million in research funding for a next-generation
            medium logistics ship and another US$30 million in research and development funding
            for a next-generation medium amphibious ship.
            CONTACT

            U.S. Defence Department suppliers Web www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/cpic/cp/doing_business_
            with_the_department_of_defense_dod_us.html

            U.S. Navy places another contract to modernise LCSs
            The U.S. Navy has awarded U.S. yard Huntington Ingalls Industries an increase to a
            previous contract worth up to US$107.9 million to plan modification of the coastal
            destroyer Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs). The planning yard design services contract will
            continue to provide the LCS fleet modernisation planning, design engineering and mo-
            delling, logistics support, long-lead-time material support and preventative and planned
            maintenance system item development and scheduling.
            CONTACT

            Huntington Ingalls/Newport News Shipbuilding Supplier Web site: https://supplier.
            huntingtoningalls.com/sourcing/index.html

            Icebreaker/buoy tender for Maryland
            The Maryland state Board of Public Works (BPW) has approved a contract with U.S.
            yard Blount Boats to build an icebreaker/buoy tender. Blount Boats was the only bidder
            for the order at a cost of US$9.1 million. The vessel is to be completed by the end of
            May 2022. It will be 28.3m long and will replace a 78-year-old vessel. The Maryland
            Department of General Services said the BPW price offer was considered "fair and reaso-
            nable" as the Virginia Institute of Marine Science purchased a comparable vessel in 2018
            for US$10 million. The new vessel will have a maximum draft of 1.3m except when it is
            ballasted for icebreaking. It will have an 8.6m beam to support a hydraulic deck-moun-
            ded crane suitable for buoy placement.
            CONTACT

            Blount Boats, 461 Water Street, P.O. Box 368 Warren, Rhode Island 02885, United States. Tel.
            ++1 401 245 83 00. Fax 001 401 245 83 03. Email info@blountboats.com Web http://
            blountboats.com

            Glosten will design all-electric ferry
            U.S. marine architect Glosten has a contract to develop designs for an all-electric ferry
            newbuilding from U.S. local government authority Skagit County Public Works. The
            newbuilding will replace a 40-year-old diesel-powered ferry currently operated. Skagit
            County and Glosten are currently seeking technical information and cost estimates from
            supplies to enable design decisions about the new vessel’s electrical system, its propulsion
            system, the shoreside electrical system and the automated charging plug. The new vessel
            will be a double-ended vehicle and passenger ferry with a three-storey deckhouse. The de-
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            sign accommodates four lanes of vehicles including highway-rated trucks and emergency
            vehicles. Skagit County has operated a vehicle and passenger ferry service between Ana-
            cortes and Guemes Island in Washington state since the early 1960s. The current vessel,
            the Guemes, is a 21-vehicle, 99-passenger, diesel-powered ferry that was built and put into
            service in 1979. A request for information (RFI) issued by Skagit County Public Works
            for the Guemes Island Ferry Replacement Project will remain active until June 30, 2020.
            CONTACT

            Skagit County Public Works, Captain Rachel Rowe, Ferry Division Manager, 1800 Continen-
            tal Place, Mount Vernon, WA 98273, United States. Tel. ++1 360 416 14 00. Online request
            to suppliers for information: www.skagitcounty.net/Departments/Rfp/2020FerryRFI.htm
            Glosten, 1201 Western Avenue, Suite 200 Seattle, Washington 98101-2921, United States. Tel.
            ++1 206 624 78 50. Email info@glosten.com Web https://glosten.com/contact

 OCEANIA
AUSTRALIA   Submarine construction to start in 2024
            Australia's defence ministry has confirmed that building the pressure hull for the first of
            12 conventionally powered submarines for the Australian navy, costing US$32.3 billi-
            on, submarine is scheduled to begin in 2024. This will follow the construction of a hull
            section in 2023 to prove procedures. The project, called Sea 1000, is being headed by
            French yard Naval Group with construction being undertaken in Australia by Australian
            yard ASC. The Australian Department of Defence said that details of the first submarine
            construction contract are still under consideration. "We may choose to sign a contract
            that combines detailed design, which is scheduled to start in May 2023, and construct-
            ion of the first vessel,” the ministry said. “This would enable Naval Group and combat
            systems integrator Lockheed Martin Australia to get into detailed design, produce the
            work instructions and have a seamless transition into construction.” Work on the pres-
            sure hull could begin before the completion of the detailed design. While the number of
            submarines to be included in the first construction contract is still being decided, it will
            certainly not be for 12.
            CONTACT

            ASC, Sea 1000 programme www.asc.com.au/submarines/future-submarine-project

                                            INSIDE REPORT

            German yards agree new naval shipbuilding alliance, seek more
            German naval shipbuilders Lürssen Werft and German Naval Yards have agreed a new
            shipbuilding alliance for naval vessels, while ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS)
            and Italian yard Fincantieri are also considering cooperation. Bremen-based Lürssen
            Werft and German Naval Yards in Kiel said they have agreed to merge their naval ship-
            building activities and will in future jointly build naval vessels and ships in government
            contracts. A new joint venture company will be formed for this sector under the leader-
            ship of the Lürssen group. The cooperation aims to increase international competitive-
            ness. Separately, German group ThyssenKrupp is exploring several strategic options for
            its shipyard subsidiary TKMS, ranging from merging it with Italy's Fincantieri or coope-
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            ration with other yards. ThyssenKrupp is holding talks aimed at creating economies of
            scale for TKMS. As part of the deliberations, ThyssenKrupp is in talks with Fincantieri
            about a 50:50 joint venture to create a European champion shipbuilder with combined
            sales of 3.4 billion euros. Under that scenario Fincantieri, which also builds cruise ships
            and is majority-owned by the Italian government, would bring in its naval shipbuilding
            activities, which the source said accounted for 1.6 billion euros of sales last year.

            Chinese yards win most world newbuilding orders in April
            Chinese shipyards won most world shipbuilding orders placed in April 2020. Chinese
            shipbuilders won orders totalling 730,000 compensated gross tonnes (CGTs) in con-
            tracts last month to build 38 large vessels, said London-based Clarkson Research Ser-
            vices. South Korean yards took second place, winning orders totalling 230,000 CGTs to
            build eight large ships. Russia took third place with 65,000 CGTs with orders to build
            seven vessels, followed by Japan with 55,000 CGTs with orders for two vessels. China
            has been the dominant force for new shipbuilding orders this year, winning an estimated
            61% of world shipbuilding contracts in the first four months of 2020. South Korea was
            in second place with 17%. Despite the coronavirus pandemic, global shipbuilding orders
            increased for the second straight month in April. According to Clarkson Research, ship-
            building orders placed worldwide in April totalled 1.14 million CGTs, up from 890,000
            CGTs in March. In terms of order total order books, China also topped the list with
            26.3 million CGTs, or 36% of the world shipbuilding market, followed by South Korea
            with 20.77 million CGTs and Japan with 10.48 million CGTs.

            High price for new U.S. Navy frigates criticised
            The U.S. Navy’s new frigate orders have been criticised because of their price is likely to
            be higher than estimated. The first of the frigates have just been ordered using an Italian
            design from the U.S. subsidiary of Italian yard group Fincantieri (New Ships 19/2020).
            A new report suggests that the frigates may cost 56% more than currently forecast based
            on a comparison of other naval vessels. The Navy estimates that 18 of 20 new frigates
            will cost an average of US$940 million each in inflation-adjusted prices. The first two are
            estimated at about US$1 billion each because of one-time costs. But the Congressional
            Research Service said there is a potential problem in the accuracy of Navy cost estimates
            considering that ships of the same general type and complexity that are built under simi-
            lar production conditions tend to have substantially higher costs per tonne of displace-
            ment. The Congressional Research Service raised a warning because, at 7,400 tonnes, the
            frigate from Fincantieri is about three-fourths the size of an Arleigh Burke destroyer and
            carries many of the same weapons systems. The latest of the Arleigh Burke destroyers are
            estimated to cost US$1.9 billion each. A direct cost per size comparison could put the
            cost for most of the frigates at as much as US$1.47 billion each, an increase of about 56%
            based on comparing their tonnage to the destroyers, the research service said. The research
            service suggest that Congress ask the Navy the basis for its view that the frigate can be
            ordered for about one-half the cost of a slightly larger destroyer. The frigates are inten-
            ded as a better-armed and more survivable successor to the Littoral Combat Ship, which
            has faced repeated criticism for its high cost and lack of armament. At a Congressional
            confirmation hearing, Mr Kenneth Braithwaite, President Donald Trump’s nominee for
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            Navy secretary, told the Senate Armed Services Committee that the administration’s goal
            of a 355 ship fleet over the next decade, up from 299 today, should be a minimum and
            “hopefully we build beyond that” despite budget constraints. Braithwaite said the future
            fleet should shift to fewer large surface vessels, more small surface combatants, a greater
            reliance on lightly manned or unmanned ships and “an ample submarine force.” The U.S.
            Navy said the frigate is under a fixed price contract that “limits the government’s risk in
            contract execution” for any overruns. The first frigate is set to begin construction in 2022.

            New concept for all-electric naval vessel propulsion
            South Korea’s Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering says it is developing a new
            design for electric propulsion for the South Korea navy's next generation of destroyers.
            The shipbuilder will begin basic design this year on a system similar to that used by
            the Zumwalt-class U.S. destroyer. The Zumwalt is the first major U.S. Navy surface
            combatant to feature all-electric propulsion. The multi-mission destroyer integrates an
            all-electric drive with an integrated power system that can send electricity from turbo
            generators to electric drive ship engines or weapons. The class requires a smaller crew and
            is less expensive to operate than comparable warships partly because electric propulsion is
            less complex with fewer parts to maintain. Daewoo Shipbuilding said the results of a joint
            study with partners were presented on May 6 at its shipyard in Geoje. The shipbuilder
            has agreed cooperation with the Korean government-funded Korea Electrotechnology
            Research Institute (KERI), Seoul National University and classification society Korean
            Register. Electric-drive propulsion technology will be used for next-generation warships
            such as Korea’s KDDX-class destroyer (KDX-IV) to be launched after 2025 which will be
            about 8,000 tonnes displacement. The new destroyer armed with cruise missiles will have
            advanced sensors and missile defence and have stealth characteristics and low operating
            costs. South Korea's next-generation LPX-II amphibious assault ship will also adopt elec-
            tric-drive propulsion technology. South Korean yard Hyundai Heavy Industries has won
            a conceptual design order for LPX-II ships. The LPX-II project calls for the construction
            of a versatile large-deck landing ship for short take-off and vertical landing fighter aircraft.
            The electric propulsion system has the advantage of securing viability in anti-submarine
            operations as it can minimise underwater noise. It is also capable of supporting weapons
            such as rail guns that consume large amounts of electricity. Electric drive reduces ship
            life-cycle costs and increases ship stealth anti-radar performance, payload, survivability
            and power available for non-propulsion uses. Disadvantages include technical risk, system
            complexity and less efficiency in full-power operations.

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