SCIENTIFIC AND HUMANITARIAN - FEBRUARY 2019 www.expedition5300.com - Expedition 5300
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SCIENTIFIC AN D HUMANITARIAN
EXPEDITION
IN THE HIGHEST CITY OF THE WORLD
F E B R U A RY 2 0 1 9
www.expedition5300.com
A N EXPEDITION IN THE HIGHEST
CITY OF THE WORLD LED BY A
WORLD-CLASS LABORATORY
FROM GRENOBLE ALPS
UNIVERSITY
WWW.HP2.UNIV-GRENOBLE-ALPES.FR
WWW.EXPEDITION5300.COM
02|30
THE E S S E NTIA LS
TEAM OF RENOWNED RESEARCHERS
O N A LT I T U D E , H Y P O X I A A N D G E N E T I C S
WHO IS LEADING A
S C I E N T I F I C A N D H U M A N I TA R I A N E X P E D I T I O N
U N I Q U E A N D O U T S TA N D I N G
I N TH E HIG H EST C ITY O F THE W O R LD
H Y P O X I A , W H AT I S I T ?
“ Decrease in the amount of oxygen available in the blood or tissues. This situation is associated with a rise in
altitude or certain pathologies (respiratory for example). At the cerebral level, hypoxia results in a decrease in
cognitive performance, memory issues, slowness of ideation and, in extreme cases, loss of consciousness.
“
Hypoxia is associated with a series of cardio-respiratory and biological responses that may be protective or
deleterious.
03|30
THE E S S E NTIA LS
L e d b y H P 2 L a b o r a t o r y, t h e Understand mechanismes of La Rinconada, in Peru is the highest
international leader in altitude and altitude adaptations to treat city in the world (5300m) where more
hypoxia research that will collaborante patients with respiratoire than 50 000 inhabitants are living
with other laboratories. In total, more pathologies at sea level. permanently.
than 15 scientific and medical experts Supports (material, knowledge,…) to
directly involved in this project. the local population.
Setting a laboratory of physiology and To develop new treatments of Scientific and humanitarian expédition
human biology in the heart of La diseases related to lack of oxygen over a period of 6 weeks beginning of
Rinconada. and advance research in other 2019.
areas : technology, space, ...
04|30
THE E S S E NTIA LS
Participate in an exceptional scientific Contribute to developing our Associate your profile to an expedition
and human adventure. EXPEDITION knowledge on the limits of human with a strong scientific, innovative and
5300 is the first expedition in the world adaptation to the extreme environment human dimension with the best
to study permanent habitation at such of high altitude. specialists in the world.
an altitude.
Expected benefits both for highlanders Spin-off in Space Exploration : future To explore new treatment stratégies for
and for lowlanders travelling or working lunar and Mars missions will take place c h ro n i c d i s e a s e s , i n p a r t i c u l a r
at high altitude. in space modules where oxygen respiratory patients suffering from a
concentration will correspond to similar decreased oxygen level because of
altitudes. their pathology.
05|30
LI NE O F AC T I O N 01 02 03 04 PRESENTATION LET’ S SH ARE Contacts Appendices Project Adventure
1 PROJECT PRESENTATION
O U R R ES EA R C H
In 15 years, the Hypoxia Physiopathology Studying the mechanisms that allow
(HP2) laboratory of INSERM and Grenoble highlanders to live with a very limited quantity
Alpes University has become the French of oxygen but also their intolerance to this
leader and one of the most recognized altitude hypoxia, is critical to identify and
international groups in the field of hypoxia understand the extreme limits of the
research. adaptation capacities of the guman body to
its environment.
The work of this team has led to many high-
level scientific publications and have a strong Humanity has distinguished itself through
societal impact, in particularly a significant millennia by its formidable abilities of
impact in the field of altitude and for people adaptation to its living environment and its
traveling or residing there for an extended evolutions. Adaptation to the environment is
period or permanently. one of the outstanding aspects and a decisive
contribution to the development of habitation
throughout the planet Earth.
08|30
LA R I NC O NA DA : A U NI Q U E P LAC E
This is the highest city in the world, nestled in Peru with nearly UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW THE HUMAN
50,000 inhabitants living at over 5000 m altitude. While it is generally BODY TO ADAPT TO FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES.
considered that permanent human life is not possible beyond 5000
m, the population of La Rinconada is challenging current knowledge
on the adaptations of the human organism to its environment and in
particulary to hypoxia. TO SUPPORT SPACE RESEAR CH BY REPR ODUCING
ALTITUDE CONDITIONS SIMILAR TO LIFE ON MARS.
La Rinconada inhabitants are born, grow and work at an altitude
higher than Mont Blanc that climbers hardly reach due to the lack of
oxygen.
TO DEVELOP OTHER AREAS OF RESEARCH THANKS TO OUR
A significant part of the local population shows difficulty in tolerating RESULTS : TECHNOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL ...
the lack of oxygen and develops symptoms which we know only
superficially and whose treatment strategies have still to be
determined. LA RINCONADA ?
Analyze, understand, act, these are the main objectives of A TRUE OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP OUR
EXPEDITION 5300 to enable Research and Medicine to move KNOWLEDGE AND ADDRESS FUTURE SCIENTIFIC ,
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES .
forward.
09|30
LA R I NC O NA DA : A U NI Q U E P LAC E
AN EXPEDITION THAT LINKS SCIENCE
WITH HUMANITY
I M P L E M E N TAT I O N O F C O L L A B O R AT I O N S A N D
PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN PERUVIAN AND FRENCH The development of scientific knowledge on the human
SCHOOLS
adaptations and maladaptations to extreme environments,
and in particular high altitude hypoxia, is a central element of
SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL TRAINING this project. Much larger issues can be addressed as the
entire project unfolds.
SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT FOR LOCAL In La Rinconada where the population is remote, there are
STAFF difficult living conditions due to the environment (isolation, lack
of oxygen, extreme temperatures, etc.), pollution (due to the
concentration of population, industry lack of modern
CREATION OF PREVENTION MATERIALS ON THE
infrastructure) and relative poverty. Our project aims to
E F F E C T S O F H I G H A LT I T U D E F O R L O C A L
POPULATION make this city better known to the public and
international institutions, to initiate medical, health and
educational projects benefiting to local population.
EXTENSION AND AWARENESS VIA CONFERENCES
ON THE SPECIFICITIES OF HYPOXIA, THE
ENVIRONMENT,…
Learn more ? For more information on our research, please refer to the note we sent you as an attachment.
11|30AN EXPEDITION LED
BY THE BEST RESEARCHERS
DR. SAMUEL VERGÉS DR. SAADI KHOCHBIN
PHYSIOLOGIST, EXPERT IN HYPOXIA - CNRS RESEARCH DIRECTOR
AND EXPEDITION LEADER (OUTSTANDING CLASS), EXPERT IN
EPIGENETICS
PR. PHILIPPE CONNES
PHYSIOLOGIST,
DR. STÉPHANE DOUTRELEAU HAEMATOLOGIST EXPERT
CARDIOLOGIST SPECIALIZED IN DR. JULIEN THÉVENON
EXERCISE SCIENCES MEDICAL CONSULTANT, EXPERT IN
GENETICS
PR. FRANÇOIS ESTÈVE
DOCTOR AND PHYSICIAN
DR. SÉBASTIEN BAILLIEUL
DOCTOR IN SPORT MEDICINE AND DR. PAUL ROBACH DR. AURELIEN PICHON
REHABILITATION PHYSIOLOGIST, SPECIALIST IN
PHYSIOLOGIST AND
RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS IN
PROFESSIONAL MOUNTAIN GUIDE
HYPOXIA
DR. IVAN HANCCO
PERUVIAN DOCTOR, PHD STUDENT
12|30
OF HP2 LABORATORYC O M M U N I C AT I O N T E A M
A X E L P I T T E T TOM BOUYER
MARKETER, COMMUNICATION VIDEO MAKER
SPECIALIST PHOTOGRAPHER
T E C H N I C A L PA R T N E R S
C H A I R « M O U N TA I N , A LT I T U D E , H E A LT H »
O F U N I V E R S I T Y G R E N O B L E A L P E S F O U N D AT I O N
THIS CHAIR WAS LAUNCHED IN 2018 AND SUPPORTS THE RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF MOUNTAIN AND ALTITUDE HEALTH. IT ESPECIALLY
SUPPORTS THE PROJECT EXPEDITION5300. THIS SUPPORT IS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL STAFF OF UNIVERSITY
GRENOBLE ALPS TOGETHER WITH PRIVATE CONTRIBUTORS AND PARTNERS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PROJECT.
C E N T E R O F A LT I T U D E E X P E R T I S E ( E X A LT )
THIS CENTER OF EXPERTISE JOINS THE MAIN EXPERTS AND CENTRAL INSTITUTIONS OF FRANCE AND ALPINE COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF
MOUNTAIN AND ALTITUDE HEALTH. EXALT IS A COLLABORATIVE NETWORK INITIATING AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH PROJECTS AND
INNOVATION IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE. THE EXPEDITION5300 PROJECT IS SUPPORTED BY EXALT.
LIFE (Is maDe of ChoiCes)
THE PROJECT LIFE IS DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PLAN UNITING BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS,
DOCTORS, EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALISTS, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, URBAN DESIGNERS AND BIG DATA RESEARCHERS INTO A
COMMON FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF HEALTH TRAJECTORIES AND
TRANSITION TO CHRONIC DISEASES.
13|30W HY F O LLOW U S ?
SAMUEL VERGÈS LABORATORY HP2 COMMUNICATION
EXPERIENCED EXPEDITION LEADER A WORLD-CLASS SCIENTIFIC TEAM A COMMUNICATION TEAM COME WITH US
In 2011, my team led an original project at In developed countries, the increased We decided to work with communication
Mont-Blanc where a real laboratory was prevalence of several chronic diseases specialists to transcribe as faithfully as
settled in at the VALLOT Observatory at an (sleep apnea, obesity, diabetes, etc.) goes possible this unique expedition to the
altitude of 4300 m. Volunteers spent 7 days hand in hand with a profound change in world. This team will take care of daily
to analyse cerebral changes during high lifestyles, especially concerning the amount communication with media. In addition to
altitude exposure. (Appendices) of physical activity carried out daily. The
this, we will create a 26 or 52 minutes
In 2015, my team participated in an reduction in physical activity has become a
documentary of this expeiditon in original
international scientific expedition in the major factor in the occurrence of chronic
way.
Himalayas (Manaslu) together with 7 pathologies with cardiovascual and
countries, studying the cardiorespiratory metabolicrepercussion.
It will also focus on the daily lives of high
and metabolic adaptations of 50
altitude population.
volunteers carrying out a trek up to more The research of the Exercise-Hypoxia team
than 5000 m altitude. are providing positive outcomes to the area
These projects have resulted in numerous of altitude issues and allows and allow to In short, this is a first in the field of
high-level scientific papers, mass-market bring better preventative measures. altitude research !
communications (lectures, films, TV shows,
etc.) and significant media exposure in
regional and national media detailing the
results. LEARN MORE ?
14|30OUR STRENGTHS
THE 1 S T
SCIENTIFIC
PROJECT H U M A N I TA R I A N
AMBITION PROJECT
TEAM O N A LT I T U D E
INCLUDING A
UNIQUE C O M M U N I C AT I O N T E A M
FOLLOWING US
15|30BU D G E T
TO FINANCE OUR EXPEDITION, OUR NEED HAS BEEN ESTIMATED TO 300 000 €.
LOGISTIC : 50 000 €
FLIGHTS, GROUND TRANSPORTATION , ACCOMMODATION,
BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS : 100 000 €
DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF SUBJECTS ANALYSED
PURCHASE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT : 100 000 €
RESEARCH LABORATORY AT LA RINCONADA
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION : 20 000 €
MEDIA, DOCUMENTARY, SOCIAL NETWORK,…
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION : 20 000€
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
OTHER : 10 000 €
THE REMUNERATION OF RESEARCHERS AND PART OF MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC MATERIAL ARE PROVIDED BY THE
PARTNER INSTITUTIONS OF THIS PROJECT.
16|30P LA NNI NG
MAY - JUNE
2019
RESULTS INTERPRETATION
WINTER 2018 JUNE 2018 AUGUST 2018 OCTOBER 2018 JANUARY 2019 MARCH 2019 AUGUST 2019
EXAMINATIONS SCIENTIFIC AND FRANCE PRESENTATION OF THE FIRST
PROJECT LAUNCHED WITH DR DR. HANCCO IS COMING TO 2ND STEP 3RD STEP MEDICAL TEAM IN GRENOBLE RESULTS
HANCCO, PERUVIAN GRENOBLE, PURCHASE SCIENTIFIC AND LOGISTIC (FLIGHTS, RETURN TO FRANCE
RESEARCHER (SAME PROTOCOL AS THAT USED
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ACCOMMODATION AND CO.) FOR ANALYSIS
IN PERU).
MARCH 2018 JULY 2018 SEPTEMBER 2018 OCT - DEC 2018 FEBRUARY 2019 DECEMBER 2019
LAUNCH UGA CHAIR PRELIMINARY TESTS AND FINAL
1ST STEP FINALISATION OF THE RECRUITMENT OF LA RINCONADA SUBMISSION OF THE FIRST SCIENTIFIC
"MOUNTAIN, ALTITUDE, THE TEAM OF RESEARCHERS AND PREPARATION OF INVESTIGATIONS PUBLICATIONS
PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT TO PHYSICIANS
6 WEEKS OF EXPERIMENTATION AT
HEALTH"
THE FRENCH AND PERUVIAN FIRST MEETINGS OF THE TEAM. 5300M ALTITUDE, 40 INHABITANTS
AUTHORITIES ON-SITE PILOT STUDY - OBSERVATIONS - + 10 RESEARCHERS
LOGISTIC
17|30D U R I NG O U R EX P ED I T I O N
PARIS - LIMA - PUNO PUNO LA RINCONADA LA RINCONADA LA RINCONADA PUNO LIMA - PARIS
2 DAYS 3 DAYS 1 DAY 30 DAYS 2 DAYS 2 DAYS 2 DAYS
CONFERENCES INSTALLATION 40 PATIENTS BACKING UP END OF VISITS
HOSPITAL VISITS + TESTS
SCHOOLS 1 NIGHT
UNDER
OBSERVATION
TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
LIMA-PUNO PUNO - LA RINCONADA LA RINCONADA - PUNO
18|302 JUMP WITH US !
D EF I NE YO U R G OA LS ?
DEVELOP YOUR PROFILE
IMPROVE YOUR IMAGE
WORK YOUR VALUES
WIN IN CREDIBILITY
COMMUNICATE DIFFERENTLY
BY ASSOCIATING YOU WITH
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
20|30B E DIFFERENT
D E V E L O P O R I G I N A L C O M M U N I C AT I O N A C T I O N S T H AT M E E T Y O U R N E E D S
B Y W O R K I N G W I T H O U R C O M M U N I C AT I O N T E A M
CONNECT YOUR PROFILE WITH A UNIQUE VEHICLE TO THE WORLD
J O I N I N G T H E B E S T I N T E R N AT I O N A L R E S E A R C H E R S
E N G A G E Y O U R T A R G E T
TO TALK STORY
LINK AFFECTIVELY
TO CREATE PASSION
PROOF IMPLICATION
TO WORK FORM AND AMBITION
TO PROPOSE ORIGINALITY
21|30LET ’S C O LLA B O R AT E TO G ET HER
THANKS TO OUR COMMUNICATION TEAM, IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONSIDER A STRONG PARTNERSHIP
TO MEET YOUR AMBITIONS WHILE HAVING A REAL FOLLOW-UP.
BEFORE
M E D I A C O M M U N I C AT I O N
MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS, PQR, PQN, MEDIA TV, RADIO / PRESENCE ON WEBSITE WITH LINK.
D I G I TA L C O M M U N I C AT I O N
SOCIAL NETWORK : FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM,…
PRESS KIT
PRESENCE OF YOUR LOGO, A HALF-PAGE DEDICATED TO YOUR ACTIVITIES. LARGE SCALE
DISTRIBUTION
PRESS CONFERENCE
IN GRENOBLE - INVITATION OF PARTNERS AND JOURNALISTS - LIVE BROADCAST RS / YOUTUBE
P R E S E N C E I N O U R P R E S E N TAT I O N V I D E O S
MANY PATCHES / TEASERS PRESENTATION , LOGO PRESENCE, ...
22|30LET ’S C O LLA B O R AT E TO G ET HER
OUR COMMUNICATION TEAM WILL BE PRESENT 24/7 DURING THIS ADVENTURE TO FOLLOW THE
EXPEDITION AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE !
M A N AG E M E N T C O M M ’ M E D I A , S O C I A L N E T W O R K
D U R I NG
SOCIAL NETWORKS - PARTNER ADS - VIDEO PATCHES - INTERVIEWS - SHOWCASING OUR
COLLABORATION . 24/7 FOLLOW - UP WITH OUR COMMUNICATION TEAM - POSSIBILITY TO PLAN
COMMUNICATION ACTIONS UPSTREAM TO BE DISSEMINATED DURING THE EXPEDITION ...
P R E S S R E L AT I O N S H I P A N D PAT C H W E B S I T E
ARTICLES AND DAILY REPORT FOR THE DAILY AND SPECIALIZED PRESS. UPDATED WEBSITE ...
A DVA N C I N G YO U R S K I L L S / K N O W- H O W
ABILITY TO ADAPT TO YOUR NEEDS TO HIGHLIGHT YOUR PRODUCTS / SERVICES, ...
23|30LET ’S C O LLA B O R AT E TO G ET HER
OUR DESIRE TO BUILD A LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP IS ALSO DEFINED BY COMMUNICATION ACTIONS
CONDUCTED DOWNSTREAM AND WORKED WITH YOU TO ENSURE THAT NOTHING IS A COINCIDENCE.
AFTER
F I N A L I S AT I O N O F A D O C U M E N TA RY O F 2 6 O R 5 2 M I N U T E S
POPULARISATION OF OUR WORK - DOCUMENTARY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES -
PARTICIPATION SCIENTIFIC FESTIVALS / MOUNTAIN - PROPOSAL TO THE MEDIA FOR DISTRIBUTION.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT EVENING
PREVIEW OF THE RESULTS - REVIEWS AND EXCHANGES WITH THE WHOLE TEAM
T V / R A D I O / R E G I O N A L M E D I A / N AT I OA N A L M E D I A /
S P E C I A LT Y P R E S S
PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS - DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPEDITION - WRITING ARTICLES FOR THE GENERAL
PUBLIC PRESS AND SPECIALIZED PRESS
24|30A ND M AY BE MORE ?
REQUESTS, DESIRES, NEEDS ? WE CAN CO-BUILD CUSTOMIZED PROMOTION ACTIONS WITH OUR
COMMUNICATION TEAM.
P O S S I B I L I T Y O F P R I VAT E E V E N I N G
EVENING OF THANKS WITH TESTS / GAMES / EXERCISES ON YOUR COLLABORATORS, ...
A C C E S S T O DATA R E L AT E D T O O U R R E S E A R C H
TO DEFINE WITH OUR RESEARCH TEAM ACCORDING TO YOUR NEEDS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
CUSTOMIZED EXPERTISE
ACCORDING TO YOUR NEEDS AND REQUESTS, TO DO WITH OUR RESEARCH TEAM
A N D M AY B E M O R E ?
UPSTREAM WORK WITH THE COMMUNICATION TEAM, SETTING UP A MEDIA PLAN IF NECESSARY
25|30HOW C A N YO U HELP U S ?
THESE ARE ONLY INDICATIVE LEVELS THAT MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE TYPE
OF PARTNERSHIP ENVISAGED.
LEARN MORE ?
PRIVILEGE
80 000€
P L AT I N U M
50 000€
GOLD
S I LV E R 20 000€
5 000€S TI LL ANY D O UBT ?
SPONSOR
A UNIQUE EXPEDITION IN THE WORLD
A S S O C I AT E
YOUR IMAGE TO THE BEST INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS
B E N E F I T S I N VA R I O U S D O M A I N S
SPACE EXPLORATION, TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, HUMANITARIAN PROJECT
TA X E X E M P T I O N S F O R A PA R T N E R S H I P O R S P O N S O R S H I P
60% REDUCTION OF TAXES CEILING
* Variable conditions depending on the collaboration envisaged. Contact us for more information.
27|303 CONTACTS
C O NTAC T S
WE WIL L ANSWER QUI CKLY TO YOUR QUEST ION S AND REQUESTS.
SAM’ VERGÈS AXEL PITTET
PROJECT LEADER
Axel PITTET C O M M U N I C AT I O N L E A D E R
SAMUEL@EXPEDITION5300.COM AXEL@EXPEDITION5300.COM
SVERGES@CHU-GRENOBLE.FR AX.PITTET@GMAIL.COM
+33 4 76 76 68 60 +33 6 46 21 10 87
CR I NS ERM , La bor at oire HP 2 (U 1042), L ab o r at o ire H P2 ( U 1 0 4 2 ), U n i ve rsi t é
U niv er s i té Gre noble A lpe s G re n o b le A lp e s
U M Spor t s P at hol ogies , C H U Gre n oble U M S p o rts Pa th o l o g ie s , C H U G re n o b l e
Hôpi ta l Su d, Av en u e Ki mber ley H ô p it al S ud , Av en u e Ki mb e r l ey
3 8 4 34 Ech iro ll es, Fr anc e 3 8 4 3 4 E c hi ro l l es , Fr an c e
29|30TO K NOW M O R E ?
WWW.EXPEDITION5300.COM
30|304 APPENDICES
THEY SUPPORTED US Former partnerships in our past expeditions
“EXPERIMENTATION
VALLOT” EXPÉDITION
MONT-BLANC
2011
TO WATCH
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC
EXPEDITION “MEDEX"
MANASLU
2015
TO WATCHTous droits réservés - Les Echos 2010
12/1/2010
P.10
LES STRATÉGIES
SCIENCES
La montagne, terrain de recherches des scientifiques
L’altitude, en raison de braux. « Nous cherchons d’autres
ses conditions extrêmes, alternatives thérapeutiques à la
“saignée”, pratiquée comme au
offre aux chercheurs de
nombreux sujets d’études
temps des rois de France », pour- A R T I C L E
suit le médecin. Avec l’université
comme, par exemple
les stratégies d’adaptation
péruvienne de Lima, il envisage
par exemple une vaste étude épi-
NEWSPAPER
du corps humain démiologique pour tester l’effica-
à la raréfaction de l’air, cité d’une molécule (l’acétazola- LES ÉCHOS
la recherche des victimes mide) déjà employée dans le
d’avalanche ou encore traitement de l’hypertonie (aug-
mentation de la pression) oculaire.
12/01/2010
le traitement des gelures.
D’autres applications
N
ous ne sommes pas tous L’avancée des connaissances sur
égaux devant le manque l’hypoxie a aussi son importance
d’oxygène. Voilà la conclu- pour l’amélioration de la prise en
sion à laquelle sont parvenus plu- charge thérapeutique de malades
sieurs scientifiques qui suspectent vivant en plaine. Associé à
un défaut génétique d’être à l’ori- d’autres centres de recherche
gine de la sensibilité plus ou hospitaliers et universitaires, le la-
moins marquée des individus à ce boratoire Inserm HP2 (hypoxie,
phénomène autrement appelé hy- physiologie et pathologie) a créé
poxie. A haute altitude, la pression l’été dernier l’association Exalt
partielle des gaz qui composent pour coordonner les travaux me-
l’air que nous respirons diminue et nés sur le sujet dans les Alpes, en
chaque inspiration apporte moins France (à partir de laboratoires de
d’oxygène à notre organisme. recherche en Rhône-Alpes et en
Cette asphyxie partielle se traduit Haute-Savoie notamment), en
par le « mal des montagnes » qui Suisse (à l’hôpital de Genève,
se manifeste, selon les individus et spécialisé dans l’hypothermie),
l’altitude, par de simples nausées, en Autriche et en Italie. « C’est le
BOERMANS, MENNO/HOLLANDSE HOOGTE-REA
des maux de tête, voire des œdè- premier centre d’expertise sur l’alti-
mes cérébraux ou pulmonaires. tude en Europe », résume son pré-
Une étude réalisée dernière- sident, Samuel Vergès. Plusieurs
ment par une équipe de généti- sujets prioritaires ont été lancés.
ciens de l’Hôpital européen Geor- Le programme Cervox va par
ges-Pompidou vient éclairer le exemple évaluer l’effet de l’hy-
sujet. Conduite auprès d’un panel poxie sur la chaîne neuromuscu-
de 80 individus, elle révèle que laire en soumettant une trentaine
l’altération d’une enzyme particu- de sujets sains à une batterie
lière (succino-déshydrogénase) d’exercices physiques en atmo-
provoque des perturbations dans sphère réduite sous l’aimant d’un
le mécanisme de détection de la A haute altitude, la pression partielle des gaz qui composent l’air que l’on respire diminue et chaque inspiration apporte moins d’oxygène appareil d’imagerie fonctionnelle.
pression d’oxygène dans le sang à l’organisme. Cette asphyxie partielle se traduit par le « mal des montagnes ». « Notre hypothèse est que le cer-
au niveau des cellules du corps veau pourrait être plus impliqué
carotidien. Mais cette dégradation dans les environnements extrê- que. On sait également qu’en prendre les équilibres des processus plus de 10 % de la population qu’on ne le croit dans la limitation
semble plus ou moins marquée mes », recadre le médecin biolo- haute altitude, une protéine nom- d’activation des défenses de l’orga- souffre d’une concentration exces- des performances », explique le
selon les organismes, et certains giste Jean-Paul Richalet qui a di- mée HIF (« hypoxia-inducible fac- nisme face au manque d’oxygène et sive d’hémoglobine, connue de- chercheur. La médecine du sport
sont donc moins bien armés que rigé l’étude. Pas moins d’une tor ») indique aux cellules rénales les raisons pour lesquelles survien- puis 1925 sous le nom de maladie n’est pas la seule concernée : la
d’autres pour affronter la raréfac- vingtaine de travaux de recherche de sécréter de l’érythropoïétine nent des surréponses qui font bas- de Monge. Dans la plupart des compréhension des mécanismes
tion de l’air au-dessus de ont été publiés ces dernières an- (EPO) pour fabriquer un plus culer le mécanisme de l’acclimata- cas, les signes cliniques se limitent d’intolérance à l’hypoxie d’alti-
1.500 mètres d’altitude. nées pour tenter d’y voir un peu grand nombre de globules rouges tion vers l’accident », résume à des maux de tête, une fatigue tude pourrait aider les médecins
plus clair. On a par exemple com- quand l’oxygène manque. Ce phé- Jean-Paul Richalet. persistante, des troubles du som- à comprendre les perturbations
Stratégies d’adaptation pris que, pour éviter au cœur de nomène subsiste quelques jours Le sujet a de l’importance pour meil, des difficultés digestives et induites par des affections respi-
« Avec l’hypoxie, on touche aux li- s’emballer en pompant le surplus après le retour à une altitude nor- quelque 140 millions de person- des vertiges. Mais dans 5 % des cas ratoires comme l’apnée du som-
mites des connaissances physiologi- de sang réclamé par les cellules male. C’est pour cette raison que nes qui vivent en permanence au- au moins, cette mauvaise adapta- meil ou la BPCO (broncho-pneu-
ques. Chaque découverte apporte manquant d’oxygène, l’organisme de nombreux sportifs de haut ni- delà de 2.500 mètres d’altitude tion à l’altitude peut évoluer vers mopathie chronique obstructive),
donc une brique essentielle à la commande la dégradation enzy- veau s’entraînent en montagne dans le monde, en particulier sur des problèmes pulmonaires aigus, la troisième cause de décès par
compréhension des stratégies matique des bêtarécepteurs res- avant des compétitions importan- l’Altiplano andin et les hauts pla- des symptômes d’insuffisance car- maladie dans le monde.
d’adaptation du corps humain ponsables de l’accélération cardia- tes. « Il nous faut maintenant com- teaux tibétains. Dans ces régions, diaque ou des accidents céré- PAUL MOLGAARTICLE
MONTAGNE
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CAHIER PRATIQUEA R T I C L E
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