Solar Air Heat Battle Cheap Natural Gas with - Jason Edens, Pine River, Minnesota
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Battle Cheap Natural Gas with
Solar Air Heat
Jason Edens, Pine River, Minnesota
Solar Assistance:
Solar Heat for Low Income Families
Helping families move from
impoverished to empowered.
Solar Assistance
Statewide Solar Heat for Low-Income Families
We re
really
happy
with
the
system,
and
like
how
it
looks
on
the
house.
Solar
Assistance
Recipient
The
natural
gas
company
came
-‐
Burl
and
Donna
out
to
my
house
because
my
usage
was
so
low
compared
to
my
neighbors!
They
thought
my
meter
was
broken,
but
it
was
my
solar
heater
that
was
making
the
difference!
Solar
Assistance
Recipient
-‐
Norbert
Nearly 300 Low-income Families Served
RREAL Solar Design-build
Residential and Commercial Solar Thermal and Solar Electric
Outreach & Education
Efficiency Before
Renewables!
Quantity
of
Energy
Integrated
Conventional Efficient efficiency &
renewable
Conventional energy use
Renewable energy use
Solar Air Heating
Case Studies to Battle
Cheap Gas
1. Geographic opportunities
2. Transpired Air Ventilation Make-up
3. Small building application
4. Agricultural applications
5. Commercial Warehouse Bldg.
6. Vacation properties
Why solar air heat?
Other
Space Heat
Appliances
Water HeatAppropriate Solar Thermal
Technologies
Transpired Air
Recirculation Solar AirVentilation Make-up Air
Characteristics of Appropriate Deployments: • IAQ • Engineered • Economical • Serviceable • Efficient • Aesthetic • Versatile • Durable
Opportunity: Geographic Niche Innumerable Applications
Opportunity: Ventilation Make-up
Transpired airTranspired Air Function § Pre-heat makeup air § Process heat § Destratification § Up to 6 LEED points available (3 renewable energy, 3 energy efficiency)
MatrixAir Performance § Up to 70% solar collection efficiency, up to 60% in medium wind § 1 m2 delivers up to 2 mmBTU per year § Durable baked-on coating boasts 94% absorptivity § Filters up to 50% of airborne par3culates
Two Styles of Collectors Transpired Air Cladding Delta Modules 7-8 cfm / square foot
Transpired Air at Bemidji State University • $34,000 Installed Cost • 126 mmBTU/yr. • 12 year equity payback
Opportunity: Small Buildings Off the natural gas grid
Case Study 1: Residential
Supplemental Heat
80% Efficient Propane Furnace
1500 Sq Ft. House with 8 Ceilings
Light Construction
2 – 4x8 High Quality Collectors
•! 20% solar fraction
•! 8.6 mmBtus produced by solar
•! 10 mmBtus saved
•! Installed cost - $5000
•! Payback of 13 years(2) SPF 32s • Hung vertically and in parallel
Opportunity: Agricultural High Tunnel Season extension
Opportunity: Agricultural High Tunnel Season extension
Agricultural Vehicle Storage
Opportunity: Plane Hangar - Fire
Hall - Warehouse
Vehicle StorageCase Study 2: Commercial High Mass Building
Case Study 2: Commercial
High Mass Building
80% Efficient Propane Furnace
6400 Sq Ft. commercial structure w/ 16 Ceilings
Massive construction
2 5– 4x10 High Quality Collectors
•! 21% solar fraction
•! 99.1 mmBtus produced by solar
•! 123.9 mmBtus saved
•! Installed cost - $45,000
•! Payback of 10 years against propane
•! Payback of 15 years against natural gasCase Study 2: Commercial
High Mass Building
70.0
60.0
50.0
million Btu
40.0 Total heat demand
Max solar heat
30.0 Usable Solar heat
20.0
10.0
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month of yearOpportunity: vacation property Low set point; high heating load
Characteristics of Appropriate Deployments: • IAQ • Engineered • Economical • Serviceable • Efficient • Aesthetic • Versatile • Durable
Preserving of Indoor Air Quality
COLLECTOR TYPES AND
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
•! Through pass
•! Front pass
•! Back passENGINEERED SYSTEMS
8760 ⎧Qu , Qu < EL
Energysavings = ∑ (Q )
usable hour
Qusable = ⎨
hour =1 ⎩ EL , Qu ≥ EL
⎧EL ⋅ (1 + overheat ),
*
HDD > 0
E = ⎨
L
⎩0, HDD = 0
I T = I b Rb + diffuse sky + diffuse ground
⎛ ⎡ Ti − Ta ⎤ ⎞
*
η = max⎜⎜ 0, FRτα − FRU L ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ ⎟⎟
⎪Qu ,
⎧ Qu < EL ⎝ ⎣ IT ⎦ ⎠
Qusable = ⎨ *
⎩ E L ,
⎪ Qu ≥ E L*
E L* = E L ⋅ (1 + overheat )
EB = b0 + b1* ⋅ max (0, b 2 − Ta )Air Flow Aerodynamic Power
Bright Day (2400 Btu/ft2, 6 F outside)
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
4x10 full shelf
efficiency
0.4
4x6.5 full shelf
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
cfm / ft2
Pressure Drop EfficiencyAir Handling
Sizing
PARALLEL CONFIGURATION SERIES CONFIGURATION
# Collectors SPF40 SPF32 SPF26 # Collectors SPF40 SPF32 SPF26
1 6" Duct 5" Duct 5" Duct 2 8" Duct 8" Duct 6" Duct
CFM 4 3 4 CFM 3 4 3.2
Fan AXC150A AXC125A AXC125A Fan AXC200A AXC200A AXC150A
Elec Consumption 68W 41W 60W Elec Consumption 68W 72W 61W
2 6" Duct 6" Duct 5" Duct
CFM
Fan AXC200B
4
CFM 2 2.7 2
Elec Consumption 169W
Fan AXC150A AXC150A AXC125A
10" Duct
Elec Consumption 59W 100W 345W
CFM 4
8" Duct 6" Duct
Fan AXC250
CFM 4 3.4
Elec Consumption 120W
Fan AXC200A AXC150A
Elec Consumption 60W 125W Not Not Not
recomme recomme recomme
3 8" Duct 8" Duct 6" Duct 3 nded nded nded
CFM 2.8 3.5 2.4
Fan AXC200A AXC200A AXC150A
Elec Consumption 70W 83W 222W
8" Duct 8" Duct
CFM 3.5 4
Fan AXC200B AXC200A
Elec ConsumptionFan & duct sizing - behind the curtain
1000
900
800
700
125a
600 125b
Air flow cfm
150a
150b
500
200a
12W muffin fan
400 14inchfan
14inchfanwdamper
300
200
100
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Pressure inH2OThe Implications of Integrated Air-handling
Economically Analyzed
Eagle View Elementary School
Solar Fraction of Gymnasium Heating Load
6.00E+07
5.00E+07
4.00E+07
kJ ~ Btu
3.00E+07
Gas heat
Solar air
2.00E+07
heat
1.00E+07
0.00E+00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month of yearFuture Heating Costs
Solar Air heat and
Solar Thermal Policy
?Greenhouse Gas Emission
ReductionsHighly Serviceable
System Components . Fan . Backdraft dampers . Ducting . High temperature insulation . Filter return air grill . Controls
Architecturally Appropriate
Architecturally Appropriate
The Importance of Curb Appeal
Durable and Versatile Product
Parallel and Series Configuration
Parallel
ConfiguraBon
Flexibility Series
ConfiguraBon
ConfiguraBon
in
which
the
air
can
traverse
ConfiguraBon
in
which
the
air
must
flow
panels
through
the
headers
before
traveling
through
each
collector
individually
before
through
the
body
of
a
collector.
traversing
through
any
headers
–
No
short
cuts.
This
configuraBon
is
best
requires
less
fan
(end
to
end)
power
and
offers
higher
collector
efficiency.
U-‐Shape
SAH Special Topics 1.! Storage 2.! Controls 3.! Mount Angle
World Oil Production
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