Solid State Sensors to shape the future of Medical Imaging - From Technologies to Markets - EPRISE
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From Technologies to Markets
Solid State
Sensors to shape
the future of
Medical Imaging
© 2019
Introduction to Yole
© 2019
YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT – FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Life Sciences Semiconductor Semiconductor
& Healthcare & Software & Software
o Microfluidics o Package,Assembly & Substrates
o BioMEMS & Medical Microsystems o Semiconductor Manufacturing
o Inkjet and accurate dispensing o Memory
o Solid-State Medical Imaging & BioPhotonics o Software & Computing
o BioTechnologies
Life Photonics,
Sciences & Sensing
Healthcare
& Display
Power Photonics,
& Wireless Sensing & Display
o RF Devices & Technologies o Solid-State Lighting
o Compound Semiconductors & Emerging Materials Power & Wireless o Display
o Power Electronics o MEMS, Sensors & Actuators
o Batteries & Energy Management o Imaging
o Photonics & Optoelectronics
3
LS&H: FIELD OF EXPERTISE
5 Activities
Lab-on-a-chip bioMEMS Inkjet Medical Imaging Biotechnologies
/ Microfluidics /Microsensors / biophotonics
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 4
LS&H TECHNOLOGIES & RELATED APPLICATIONS
Solid state Medical Imaging & biophotonics
Courtesy of Pyxalis LS&H
Division
X-ray flat panels
Endoscopy cameras
Ultrasound technology
MRI
Microscopy Life Sciences Cameras
Silicon photonics
…
5
Solid State Medical Imaging
© 2019
HISTORICAL SYNERGIES
Technology/product roadmap
TFT IGZO - flexible
CdTe-based technology
Semiconductor
pMUT
technologies
CCD sensor Octogonal and round image
sensor
SiPM
CMOS sensor TODAY 2022
Analog x-ray films 2017
PMT tubes 1995
1980
Chip-to-the-tip
1970 endoscope Tiny camera endoscopy
First PET/CT scans - GE
1930 Ultraportable ultrasound
First fiberoptic endoscope Digital imaging
World’s first developed
MRI
X-ray discovered
First developed CT scanner
1895 X-ray machine - 1920 First intra-oral detector CdTe detection
Photon-counting CT scanner
7
WHAT IS SOLID-STATE?
Technology transformation
Incoming wave Scintillation Sensor Electronics
focusing
Gamma ray, x-ray, Scintillation
Incoming wave Sensor Electronics
In our report, visible focusing
Tube
« solid-state »
refers to
electronic
components,
devices, and Ultrasound, x-ray
systems based Crystal
on
semiconductor
and IC
processes
Solid-state
sensors,
CIS,
MEMS, etc.
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 8
Focus on X-Ray Imaging
DIGITAL X-RAY MARKET
A succession of disruptive innovations
A history What’s next ?
spanning
120 years
10DIGITAL X-RAY DETECTORS - TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE
CCD image-intensified
aSi FPD aSe CMOS FPD IGZO FPD Photon counting
camera
Detec-
tion
Indirect Indirect Direct Indirect Indirect Direct
Field electrode
Dielectric layer
Main components
CdTe
a-Selenium layer
photoconductor
Charge electrode
Indium bump
electron electrons
s
+ +
• Electron mobility
Advantages
• Very large panels • High resolution • High resolution
• High resolution • Higher • High speed
+ possible • Manufacturability • Low noise
absorption • High resolution : standard TFT • Multi-energy CT
• Economical
Fab
Drawbacks
- • Bulky • Low resolution • Expensive • Limited size • Supply chain not • Expensive
• Low field of view • Slow solution • Expensive ready yet solution
Current technologies Emerging technologies
11TECHNOLOGIES POSITIONING
General
Large
>100µm
radiography Low
< 5Hz
Pixel Frame
3D dental and Mammography rate
size
mammography
fluoroscopy/ High
Small dynamic imaging >20Hz
< 40µm
Dynamic
imaging
fluoroscopy
Small Medium Large
Detector size
12TECHNOLOGIES POSITIONING
General
Large
>100µm
radiography Low
< 5Hz
Pixel Frame
3D dental and Mammography rate
size
mammography
fluoroscopy/ High
Small dynamic imaging >20Hz
< 40µm
Dynamic
imaging
fluoroscopy a-Si FPD
Small Medium Large
Detector size A-Se FPD
CMOS
• Each technology dominates in a specific medical application.
FPD
• Mammography and dental are moving towards a 3D tomography
approach favoring CMOS flat panel CCD
• Fluoroscopy (real-time imaging) benefits from CMOS thanks to Small Medium Large
lower dose and speed.
Detector size
13TECHNOLOGIES POSITIONING
CMOS flat-panel detectors are positioned
in applications requiring medium-size
General panels AND high resolution OR high speed
Large
>100µm
radiography Low
< 5Hz
Pixel Frame
3D dental and Mammography rate
size
mammography
fluoroscopy/ High
Small dynamic imaging >20Hz
< 40µm
Dynamic
imaging
fluoroscopy a-Si FPD
Small Medium Large
Detector size A-Se FPD
CMOS
• Each technology dominates in a specific medical application.
FPD
• Mammography and dental are moving towards a 3D tomography
approach favoring CMOS flat panel display CCD
• Fluoroscopy (real-time imaging) benefits from CMOS thanks to Small Medium Large
lower dose and speed.
Detector size
14TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
New technologies coming from the display world : IGZO and LTPS
Performance
• a-Si remains the dominant technology for entry Improving performance
level displays for both small and large displays “The (process, new materials,
new structures) Samsung Galaxy S6
ideal TFT (577ppi)
Material” LTPS
High End smartphone
AMOLED
• LTPS (low temperature polycrystalline silicon) is (high PPI), LCD
rapidly increasing market shares for high end Decreasing
cost IGZO,
mobile displays. Other
High end AMOLED TV
(4K, >240Hz refresh) Metal
LG OLED TV
Oxide (2k1k, 4k2k)
AMOLED TV
• IGZO (indium gallium zinc oxide) have long
been seen as a potential ideal “high
performance/low-cost” TFT technology. AM TFT LCD
(smartphone, laptop,
TVs…)
a-Si
E-Paper
Cost
From Yole report “Organic TFT 2016: Flexible Displays and other Applications” 15TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
New technologies coming from the display world : IGZO and LTPS
IGZO and LPTS are technologies coming from the consumer market : mobile phones, tablets,TVs, etc.
IGZO key features: LPTS key features:
• Electron mobility (20-50 times better than • Electron mobility (100 times better than aSi)
aSi) • High resolution and high pixel density
IGZO is the • Higher resolution • But expensive to manufacture and difficult to
next • Substrate flexibility (glass or polymer) go for large panels
disruptive TFT
technology in • Manufacturability : in standard TFT Fab
the field of X-
ray imaging
Source: Sharp ©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 16DIGITAL X-RAY - TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
New technologies coming from the display world : IGZO and LTPS
IGZO and LPTS are technologies coming from the consumer market : mobile phones, tablets,TVs, etc.
IGZO key features: LPTS key features:
• Electron mobility (20-50 times better than • Electron mobility (100 times better than aSi)
aSi) • High resolution and high pixel density
IGZO is the • Higher resolution • But expensive to manufacture and difficult to
next • Substrate flexibility (glass or polymer) go for large panels
disruptive TFT
technology in • Manufacturability : in standard TFT Fab
the field of X-
ray imaging Next big trend in X-ray imaging
Source: Sharp ©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 17DIGITAL X-RAY - TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
IGZO : first products available
The 3131Z flat panel detector is the first Jupi 1212X is new generation FPD developed by
Varex IGZO based FPD. iRay with IGZO sensor technology for real-time
It is used for Surgical and Dental imaging.
applications with a 100 µm pixel size. It is used for interventional procedures.
Varex and iRay has IGZO FPDs used for mammography,
iRay fluoroscopy and dental imaging.
demonstrated
their first
IGZO
products for
X-ray imaging
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 18DIGITAL X-RAY - TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
Photon counting
Source : Siemens
Advantages of Photon Counting detectors in
CT:
• Higher spatial resolution
• Lower noise
• Lower dose
• Spectral information available, multi-
energy CT
CdTe-based sensors have entered the dental
market via Sirona’s products, but photon
counting CT are still under development.
The first commercial products should be
available by 2021. Photon-counting CT
scanner at the NIH’s
Clinical Center
19DIGITAL X-RAY MARKET
A market segmented by end-application
General radiography Computed tomography
Radiography
CT scan
A broad
applications Mammography Dental x-ray
portfolio
Intra-oral
Interventional & surgery
3D CBCT
C-arm
Extra-oral
2D extra-oral
panoramic
Fluoroscopy
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 20DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING - MARKET DRIVERS
Cost Dose
Initial price & cost of ownership → High sensitivity detector
→ Detector represents a large
portion of the system price
Early diagnostic Exam duration
→ high resolution → High acquisition speed
Multimodality
→ Versatile, portable detector:
wireless, battery-powered
21MARKET DATA AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATION
Solid state sensor market 2018-2024 by application (in $M)
500
450
400 CT Scanner
350 X-ray Dynamic
300 X-ray Mammograpy
Today, x-ray 250
X-Ray Static
medical is 200
150 X-Ray Extraoral 3D
almost
exclusively 100 X-Ray Extraoral 2D
based on 50 X-Ray Intraoral
solid-state 0
sensors. 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
• CT scanner and X-ray static applications represent the majority of sensor sales.
• Mammography and interventional/surgery applications use smaller sensors, but 2016 - 2022
growth will be quite dynamic.
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 22MARKET DATA AND FORECAST, BY TECHNOLOGY
Solid state sensor market 2018-2024 by technology (in $M)
500
400
IGZO
300 Si Photodiode array
The first CMOS
200
IGZO flat a-Si
panels will 100 CCD
be
integrated as -
early as 2020 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
• Si photodiode array corresponds to the CT scanner market and is expected to increase with
a 4,9% CAGR between 2018 and 2024.
• CMOS market shares are expected to grow until 2022 but IGZO flat panels will gain market
share when the technology will be available.
• As a cheaper solutions with good technical features aSi will stay the main sensor technology
in the field of X-ray imaging (without CT scanner).
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 23X-RAY IMAGING: SUPPLY CHAIN
Sensor design Front-end Detectors OEM
Sensor design Manufacturing Packaging/ Medical
assembly equipment
After a wave
of M&A
activity the
supply chain
consolidation IDM or Medical Medical
is now Design houses device
Foundries device
beginning to company company
bearfruit
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 24X-RAY MEDICAL IMAGING: SUPPLY CHAIN
Sensor design Front-end Detectors OEM
CMOS
Asian players
are coming to
the market
with
interesting
products at
lower price
aSi
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 25X-RAY SENSOR TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP
Single-photon
counting
Improved
cost/performance IGZO
CdTe
CMOS FPD
A-Se FPD
IGZO
a-Si FPD
CMOS
CdTe
Toward CCD image-
aSe
lower dose intensified camera
and more aSi
information
CCD
1980s 2000s 2010s 2018 2020s 2024
- Less bulky - Lower noise - Lower dose
- Higher speed and resolution - Multi-spectral imaging
- Improved quality
- Higher integration
©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 26Focus on ultrasound
technologies
© 2019ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY
History
2017 – Butterfly probe
2016 – based on CMUT
2009 - Hitachi – Fingerprint
Mappie probe sensor based
based on CMUT on PMUT
1958 - Ultrasound for obstetrics
2018
1994
1960 - Metal flaw detectors
Hyperphonography, first medical imaging
1960
system for diagnosis – inventor: Karl Theodore 1980 - 1st generation PMUT
1947
1994 - 1st generation CMUT
Dussik, Austria
2016 – PMUT based module
Langevin triplet for Sonar 1917
Quartz ultrasound generator
1794 Classical Langevin transducer
Discovery of ultrasounds
Discover of PZT material ©2019 | www.yole.fr | X-ray technology trends 28PMUT AND CMUT TAKE-OFF
Module
Courtesy of
Technology integration Butterfly Network
Courtesy of Philips readiness at the readiness
transducer level (assembly,
manufacturing)
Interest of new
players through Emergence of
investment and PMUT new applications
acquisitions
and
CMUT
take-off !
Confidential | Medical MEMS & Sensors 2018 | www.yole.fr | ©2018 29DRIVERS FOR NEW APPLICATIONS IN ULTRASOUND IMAGING
Drivers for new
applications using
ultrasound
imaging
Ultra-portable
Miniaturization Democratization More readable
systems
Solid state
Impact on ultrasound transducer requirements: technologies could
✓ Reduce transducer size help resolve some
✓ Reduce cost of these new
✓ Electronics integration requirements for
✓ Improve image quality ultrasound
✓ New functions to help users for diagnosis
transducers
30CMUT VS. PMUT VS. BULK PIEZO
Frequency and application dependent
Frequency
dependent, Bulk Piezo
MUT could
reach higher CMUT
frequencies.
PMUT
1KHz 1MHz 10 MHz
Lithotripsy
Medical imaging
Dentistry
Tissue ablation - HIFU
31PENETRATION OF CMUT/PMUT TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasound modules market data and forecasts in medical ultrasound by
technology (2017-2023, in units)
400,000
350,000
300,000
In units
Bulk PZT based modules
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
MUT based modules
50,000
-
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 CAGR 2017-
2023
• There are already products on the market using CMUT technologies, such as Hitachi probes or Verasonics/Vermon, Kolo
Medical and some IVUS and endoscopic products, but these are still niche markets.
• The real disruption is coming first with the Butterfly Network with product available end 2018 based on a CMUT probe, and
the eXo Imaging product based on a PMUT probe, but probably not available before 2020.
32THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Some slides from this presentation have been taken from the following report:
Solid State Medical Imaging
Released in Jan. 2017 – More info on www.i-micronews.com
240+ slides report
Ultrasound Sensing Technologies for Medical, Industrial, and
Released in 2018 – More info on www.i-micronews.com
200+ slides report
Contact: Marjorie Villien
Email: villien@yole.fr
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