Street Photography (and beyond ) - Alban Sublet CERN Photo Club - May 2015
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Street
Photography
(and
beyond…)
Henri
Car>er-‐Bresson
Alban
Sublet
CERN
Photo
Club
-‐
May
2015
Joel Meyerowitz
Diane Arbus
Bruce Gilden
Trent Parke
Alec Soth
William Klein
William Eggelston
Garry Winogrand
Alex Webb
Josef Koudelka
Narelle Au>o
Robert Frank
Mar>n Paar
René Burri
Raymond Depardon
Jason Eskenazi
Saul Leiter
Lee Friedlander
Pieter Hugo
Denis Darzacq
Stephen Shore
Street photographers collec>ve “In-‐Public”
Build your (own) vision "Stare. It is the way to educate your eye, and more. Stare, pry, listen eavesdrop. Die knowing something. You are not here long.” Walker Evans Photography books, exhibi2ons and fes2vals to: Learn how pictures are composed, build-‐up, framed, organized, Find the different levels/layers in a photography Get inspired and share experiences Liberate your crea>vity (easy to say) Forget the rules Prac>ce and try to compose pictures according to your sensibility. à Invest in books/workshops/travels not in camera gear J
Build your (own) vision
Technique, take it easy… • Camera: Whatever camera you know well and feel comfortable with (you will walk a lot, a bulky pro camera might be useless, iphone is fine) • Lens: Prime 50 mm or 35 mm or 28 mm lens preferable (-‐> ban your 300 mm f/2.8, don’t forget: you will walk a lot) • Sefngs: à master aperture/shuger speed/sensibility and exposure compensa>on à use f/16 – hyperfocal rule or f/8 + manual focus at 1-‐2m or AF à ISO 400-‐3200 (according to your noise level limit) even for day light à shuger speed > 1/250 to fix movement (slower if you don’t want) à Av or Tv or P or ISO or M mode (-‐> ban fully automa>c mode!) à comfortable shoes And then… brake those “rules”, shallow DOF is also nice J
Technique, take it easy…
Ready to go? • Respect your environment (people, local rules, etc.) • Walk, observe, concentrate on composi>on and moment • Respond to the light • Follow your ins>nct (don’t think too much) • Be pa>ent and lucky, then be quick • Don’t be afraid to be disappointed, stay persistent • Smile, don’t hesitate to discuss and share experience with people you photograph, ask permission if required • Be crea>ve • Have fun! …and walk
Ready to go?
Ready to go?
Work the scene à play with light à move around your subject à play with the environment à compose with urban landscape à play with layers superposi>on à move for high-‐angle / low-‐angle / diagonal, etc. à work the background to highlight your subject à break the rules (of photography, though) à come again and again and … again to places you like à and walk.
Work the scene
Work the scene
Work the scene
Back home: edi>ng • Learn how to read your images to beger select them • Contact sheet experience is a plus, try it in digital! • 3-‐phases approach (proposal): 1. First selec>on “à chaud” right aqer taking the pictures 2. Second selec>on aqer few weeks, get rid of the “mental picture” 3. Pufng sets of selected images together to build up your project + get an external eye (friends, etc.) to beger select them and get rid of remaining “mental pictures”… + prac>ce with others to compose series of coherent images + read photography books, observe contact sheets of known photographers, be agen>ve to rhythm, melody between pictures
Back home: edi>ng
and… post processing? • Is it really necessary? • Crop(?) + basic adjustments are usually enough… à Refrain yourself to PS-‐recuperate a bad picture, it won’t make it a good one…
Series à Pufng your pictures together for book, exhibi>on, slide show, photo album, web, with: • Rhythm • Fluidity • Coherence • …like a melody • To build up your message
Series
Do
you
have
a
project?
• Goal?
• For
whom
are
you
photographing?
• Which
audience?
• What
for?
Book?
Exhibi>on?
Personal
project?
Blog?
Web?
Slide
show?
Reportage?
Magazine?...
Photographers Jesse Marlow Nick Turpin Gus Powell Jeffrey Ladd Mag Stuart Melanie Einzig Amani Willeg Joel Meyerowitz Mar>n Parr Bryn Campbell Christophe Agou Elliog Erwig Dod Miller Jeff Mermelstein Mar>n Kollar Steven Hirsch Andrew Glickman David Solomons Stephen McLaren Juan Buhler John Brownlow Alan Wilson Joesph Holmes Gary Alexander William Eggleston Travis Ruse Gary Stochl Paul Halliday Sean McDonnell Blake Andrews Mason Resnick Tom Arndt Ernesto Bazan Marco Pesaresi Clayton Burkhart Paul Treacy Holger Biermann Brian Ulrich Daido Moriyama Bill Sullivan Stephen Gill Micha Bar-‐Am Wojtek Wieteska Cary Conover Mitch Epstein Alec Soth Ed Yanowitz Serge J-‐F Levy Ogo Snoek Thomas Roma Hin Chua Robert M Johnson Javier Izquierdo Mark Alor Powell Fred Herzog Robert Doisneau Ed Van Der Elsken Burk Uzzle Robert Brown Viktor Kolar Marc Riboud William Boling Louis Stegner Lars Tunbjork Jehsong Baak Giorgio Barrera Frank Paulin Kay von Aspern Joni Karanka Siegfried Hansen Siegfried Becker Nils Jorgensen Todd Weinstein Mag Bialer Mark Alor Powell Rogier Maaskant Bruno Quinquet Richard Sandler Sasha Gusow Felix Lupa Alexey Titarenko Stan Raucher Mark Steinmetz Raghubir Singh Alan Burles Jens Olof Lasthein Marcos Rodriguez Andrew Bush John Goldsmith Anders Petersen Eric Kim Berenice Abbog Christophe Agou Yūtokutaishi Akiyama Nobuyoshi Araki Diane Arbus Eugène Atget Xyza Cruz Bacani James Barnor Lou Bernstein Brassaï Manuel Alvarez Bravo Bryn Campbell Henri Car>er-‐Bresson Mark Cohen Joan Colom Bill Cunningham Maciej Dakowicz Bruce Davidson Peter Dench Robert Doisneau Ken Domon Don Donaghy Nikos Economopoulos Walker Evans Robert Frank Lee Friedlander Richard Kalvar William Klein Saul Leiter Joel Meyerowitz Mar>n Parr Stephen Shore Joel Sternfeld Garry Winogrand René Burri Raymond Depardon Pieter Hugo …
(few)
Resources
&
Links
• 2
Books
on
street
photography:
hgp://www.thamesandhudson.com/The_World_Atlas_of_Street_Photography/9780500544365
hgp://www.thamesandhudson.com/Street_Photography_Now/9780500289075
• Web
resources:
hgps://www.lensculture.com/?category_id=17
hgp://www.street-‐photographers.com
hgp://www.seconds2real.org
hgp://erickimphotography.com/blog/start-‐here/
hgp://erickimphotography.com/blog/2012/03/16/75-‐inspira>onal-‐street-‐photography-‐books-‐you-‐goga-‐own/
hgp://blakeandrews.blogspot.ch/2014/05/the-‐10-‐rules-‐of-‐street-‐photography.html
hgp://www.in-‐public.com/informa>on/links
• Videos
of
photographers
(“In
Frame”
episodes
from
Arirang
TV
-‐
Korea):
hgps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy1Sc9GAhK33JSw0fVBdqkuzq7XWeve8Q&spfreload=10
• Collec>ves/Agencies:
hgp://www.in-‐public.com
hgp://blog.observecollec>ve.com
hgp://www.magnumphotos.com
• Photographers/persons
rights
(+
see
annex):
USA:
hgp://www.krages.com/phoright.htm
UK:
hgp://www.sirimo.co.uk/2009/05/14/uk-‐photographers-‐rights-‐v2/
Suisse
(FR):
hgp://www.photoreporters.ch/files/1390038564-‐a1_droit-‐des-‐personnes-‐4351.pdf
hgp://www.photographes-‐suisse.ch/wq_pages/fr/pra>que/droit-‐auteur.php
France
(FR)
1st
part:
hgp://www.focus-‐numerique.com/test-‐1790/prise-‐de-‐vue-‐droite-‐image-‐photo-‐de-‐rue-‐par>e-‐1-‐1.html
2nd
part:
hgp://www.focus-‐numerique.com/test-‐1791/prise-‐de-‐vue-‐droite-‐image-‐photo-‐de-‐rue-‐par>e-‐2-‐1.html
Annex
-‐-‐-‐
Photographers/persons
rights
examples:
USA
/
UK
/
Switzerland
USA
photographers
rights
–
credit:
Bert
P.
Krages
II
ers to take photographs while on their Who Is Likely to Violate Your Rights states authorize citizen’s arrests, such public relations department of the
premises depends on the circum- Most confrontations are started by authority is very narrow. In general, entity, and complain about the event.
The Photographer’s Right
stances. In most places, you may rea- security guards and employees of citizen’s arrests can be made only for (3) Make the event publicly known on
sonably assume that taking photo- organizations who fear photography. felonies or crimes committed in the an Internet forum that deals with pho-
graphs is allowed and that you do not The most common reason given is person’s presence. Failure to abide by tography or civil rights issues.
need explicit permission. However, security but often such persons have these requirements usually means
this is a judgment call and you should no articulated reason. Security is that the person is liable for a tort such How to Handle Confrontations
Your Rights and request permission when the circum- rarely a legitimate reason for restrict- as false imprisonment. Most confrontations can be defused
Remedies When stances suggest that the owner is like- ing photography. Taking a photo- by being courteous and respectful. If
ly to object. In any case, when a prop- graph is not a terrorist act nor can a They Have No Right to Confiscate the party becomes pushy, combative,
Stopped or erty owner tells you not to take photo- business legitimately assert that tak- Your Film or unreasonably hostile, consider call-
Confronted graphs while on the premises, you are ing a photograph of a subject in public Sometimes agents acting for entities ing the police. Above all, use good
legally obligated to honor the request. view infringes on its trade secrets. such as owners of industrial plants judgment and don’t allow an event to
for Photography On occasion, law enforcement offi- and shopping malls may ask you to escalate into violence.
Some Exceptions to the Rule cers may object to photography but hand over your film. Absent a court In the event you are threatened with
There are some exceptions to the most understand that people have the order, private parties have no right to detention or asked to surrender your
general rule. A significant one is that right to take photographs and do not confiscate your film. Taking your film film, asking the following questions
commanders of military installations interfere with photographers. They do directly or indirectly by threatening to can help ensure that you will have the
can prohibit photographs of specific have the right to keep you away from use force or call a law enforcement evidence to enforce your legal rights:
areas when they deem it necessary to areas where you may impede their agency can constitute criminal offens-
protect national security. The U.S. activities or endanger safety. How- es such as theft and coercion. It can 1. What is the person’s name?
Department of Energy can also pro- ever, they do not have the legal right likewise constitute a civil tort such as 2. Who is their employer?
Updated November
hibit photography of designated to prohibit you from taking photo- conversion. Law enforcement officers 3. Are you free to leave? If not, how do
2006 nuclear facilities although the publicly graphs from other locations. may have the authority to seize film they intend to stop you if you decide
visible areas of nuclear facilities are when making an arrest but otherwise to leave? What legal basis do they
usually not designated as such. They Have Limited Rights to Bother, must obtain a court order. assert for the detention?
About this Guide Members of the public have a very Question, or Detain You 4. Likewise, if they demand your film,
Confrontations that impair the con- limited scope of privacy rights when Although anyone has the right to Your Legal Remedies If Harassed what legal basis do they assert for the
stitutional right to make images are they are in public places. Basically, approach a person in a public place If someone has threatened, intimidat- confiscation?
becoming more common. To fight the anyone can be photographed without and ask questions, persistent and ed, or detained you because you were
abuse of your right to free expression, their consent except when they have unwanted conduct done without a taking photographs, they may be Disclaimer
you need to know your rights to take secluded themselves in places where legitimate purpose is a crime in many liable for crimes such as kidnapping, This is a general education guide
photographs and the remedies avail- they have a reasonable expectation of states if it causes serious annoyance. coercion, and theft. In such cases, you about the right to take photographs
able if your rights are infringed. privacy such as dressing rooms, rest- You are under no obligation to explain should report them to the police. and is necessarily limited in scope.
rooms, medical facilities, and inside the purpose of your photography nor You may also have civil remedies For more information about the laws
The General Rule their homes. do you have to disclose your identity against such persons and their that affect photography, I refer you to
The general rule in the United States except in states that require it upon employers. The torts for which you the second edition of my book, Legal
is that anyone may take photographs Permissible Subjects request by a law enforcement officer. may be entitled to compensation Handbook for Photographers (Amherst
of whatever they want when they are Despite misconceptions to the con- If the conduct goes beyond mere include assault, conversion, false Media, 2006).
in a public place or places where they trary, the following subjects can questioning, all states have laws that imprisonment, and violation of your This guide is not intended to be legal
have permission to take photographs. almost always be photographed law- make coercion and harassment crimi- constitutional rights. advice nor does it create an attorney
Absent a specific legal prohibition fully from public places: nal offenses. The specific elements client relationship. Readers should
such as a statute or ordinance, you are vary among the states but in general it Other Remedies If Harassed seek the advice of a competent attor-
legally entitled to take photographs. accident and fire scenes is unlawful for anyone to instill a fear If you are disinclined to take legal ney when they need legal advice
Examples of places that are tradition- children that they may injure you, damage or action, there are still things you can do regarding a specific situation.
ally considered public are streets, celebrities take your property, or falsely accuse that contribute to protecting the right
published by:
sidewalks, and public parks. bridges and other infrastructure you of a crime just because you are to take photographs.
Property owners may legally pro- residential and commercial buildings taking photographs. (1) Call the local newspaper and see if Bert P. Krages II
hibit photography on their premises industrial facilities and public utilities Private parties have very limited they are interested in running a story. Attorney at Law
but have no right to prohibit others transportation facilities (e.g., airports) rights to detain you against your will Many newspapers feel that civil liber- 6665 S.W. Hampton Street, Suite 200
from photographing their property Superfund sites and may be subject to criminal and ties are worthy of serious coverage. Portland, Oregon 97223
from other locations. Whether you criminal activities civil charges should they attempt to (2) Write to or call the supervisor of www.krages.com
need permission from property own- law enforcement officers do so. Although the laws in most the person involved, or the legal or
© 2003 Bert P. Krages IIUK photographers rights – credit: Linda Macpherson (p. 1)
UK
photographers
rights
–
credit:
Linda
Macpherson
(p.
2)
a child does not have the legal capacity to consent argue and move further from the scene if requested subjected to questions and/or have a camera bag or the consent of the copyright owner. It would
and a parent or guardian must consent on his behalf. to do so by the police. Refusal might lead to an arrest vehicle searched, failure to cooperate might result in therefore be an infringement of copyright to take
for obstruction. detention for several hours at a police station. a photograph of a copyright protected art work,
It is a criminal offence to take an indecent or a photograph of a photograph. It isn't an
photograph of a child under the age of 18 or to National Security - In recent years, sensitivity over Court Proceedings - It is a criminal offence to infringement of copyright to take a photo of, for
make a photograph that appears to be such (e.g. by issues of security and prevention of terrorism has take a photograph in a law court, and an additional example, a particular landscape or building even
pasting an image of a child’s head on an image of a been very high. This has led to photographers being offence to publish any photo taken in a court. The if the same view has been photographed many
nude adult body). confronted by police when taking photographs penalty is a fine of up to a maximum of £1,000. This times before. Each photo would be regarded as
of subjects that previously would not have been restriction extends beyond the courtroom itself to an independently created work. But it might be
The Editors’ Code provides that journalists must thought of as particularly sensitive. anywhere in the building and to "the precincts of the infringement of copyright to deliberately set out to
not interview or photograph a child under 16 on court", i.e. the surrounding area. The extent of "the recreate another photographer's photo.
subjects involving the welfare of the child, or other Two areas of the law might come into play to restrict precincts of the court" is not defined anywhere and
children, without the consent of the parent of the the right to take photographs of certain places. The the authorities often turn a blind eye to photography Copyright is not infringed by the incidental
child. first is the Official Secrets Act 1911. This makes it outside the court building. inclusion of a copyright work in a photograph.
an offence to take a photograph of a "prohibited For example, copyright would not be infringed by
A child under 16 cannot be used as a paid model place" where this might be useful to an enemy. The Tribunals of Inquiry are not covered by the a photograph of a street scene in which there was
unless a licence is obtained from the local authority. term "prohibited place" encompasses a great variety prohibition on taking photographs in court, and it advertising material on display, but this was not the
of places. is up to the individual tribunal to decide whether it main subject of the photo.
It is not illegal as such to photograph children in will allow photographs of the proceedings.
a public place, however in some circumstances In practice, however, anti-terrorism legislation is It is not an infringement of copyright to take
it will almost certainly draw the attention of the likely to be a much bigger problem for photographers Be aware that, even when it is legal to take photographs of buildings, sculptures and works of
police and may result in the photographer being than the Official Secrets Act. photographs it might not be legal to publish artistic craftsmanship that are permanently situated
investigated. In Scotland it may be treated as a them. There are restrictions on the publication of in a public place or in premises that are open to
breach of the peace. It is advisable to get at least Section 44 of the Terrorism Act 2000 gives the photographs of people involved in legal proceedings, the public.
verbal consent from the parents wherever possible. police wide powers to stop and search anyone for even when these are taken away from the court, if
“articles of a kind which could be used in connection they would prejudice the course of justice, endanger Bank Notes - Taking photographs of UK bank
Many organisations and local authorities involved with terrorism” regardless of whether they have a witness or identify the victim of a sexual offence. It notes is an offence unless permission has been
in children’s sporting and other activities have, reason to suspect that the presence of such articles. is an offence to publish any image of a young person given in writing by the "relevant authority". The
as part of their child protection policies, strict They also have the power to seize any such article, under 18 who is involved in any legal proceedings, relevant authority for English notes is the Bank
rules about photography at events. It is worth if found. Section 44 powers, which can also be whether as a party or as a witness. The court can, by of England, and for Scottish and Irish notes the
inquiring about the policy before attempting to exercised by PCSOs in the presence of a constable, order, lift these restrictions. relevant authority is the bank that issued the notes.
take photographs at such events, even if you are the only apply in areas where an “authorisation” has
parent of a child taking part. been given. Photographers should be aware that Wildlife - Many wild animals, including insects, Linda Macpherson 30th March 2009
some authorisations cover wide areas and have been and birds are protected by the Wildlife and
Obstruction and Public Order - It is a criminal continually renewed for a long time. Countryside Act 1981. There is no restriction on Disclaimer - While care has been taken to ensure
offence to obstruct free passage on the highway taking photographs of any animal or bird, but the that the information contained in this guide is
and this includes footways and cycle paths as The Act also makes it an offence to take or possess Act makes it an offence to "disturb" some species accurate as of 30th March 2009, it does not provide
well as roads. Whether a photographer will be a photograph containing information likely to be when they at or near their nesting places or places a comprehensive in-depth discussion of the relevant
treated as causing an obstruction depends on the useful to a person committing or preparing an act of shelter. This includes disturbing them by taking law. The information it contains is of a general nature
reasonableness of his behaviour. Setting up a tripod of terrorism (s.58) And since February 2009, it is photographs of them. To photograph protected and is not intended to be legal advice. The guide is
in a busy street is obviously likely to cause an an offence to elicit or attempt to elicit information species at or near their nests or places of shelter, a provided without warranty as to the accuracy of the
obstruction. The police will usually initially ask the about anyone who is or who has been a member photographer must have a licence from the relevant information it contains, and users are urged to consult
photographer to move along rather than arrest him, of the armed force, the police or the intelligence authority: English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage a solicitor in respect of any specific legal problems
unless his behaviour is persistent. services, where this is of a kind likely to be useful to or the Countryside Council for Wales. they might encounter. The author, publisher and
Another obstruction offence is that of obstructing a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism distributor of this guide will not be held responsible
a police officer in the execution of his duty. This (s.58A). A full list of protected birds can be found at for any loss suffered by any person that is directly of
basically means doing anything that makes it more http://www.naturenet.net/law/sched1.html indirectly attributable to reliance on the information
difficult for the police to carry out their duties Some police officers appear to take a fairly broad view and a full list of protected animals at contained in this guide.
effectively. Getting in the way of the police while of "information likely to be useful", but courts have http://www.naturenet.net/law/sched5.html
trying to photograph an incident, for example, been rather more restrictive in their interpretation Linda Macpherson LL.B, Dip. L.P., LL.M is a freelance
would be obstructing them. of s.58. Copyright and Trademarks - It will sometimes be legal consultant specialising in Media Law and Intellectual
an infringement of copyright to take a photograph Property Law. She is also a part-time law lecturer and has
Photographers who are shooting incidents such It is in a photographer's best interests to cooperate of a work that is protected by copyright. presented seminars on law for photographers.
as riots and illegal demonstrations should take with the police if they approach him when he is
care that the police don’t confuse them with the taking photos in an area that might be regarded Copyright is infringed by making a copy of all or PDF design and distribution by Simon Moran
participants. The best advice is to stay calm, don’t as sensitive. While it might be irritating to be a substantial part of a copyright work, without www.sirimo.co.ukSwitzerland
–
credit:
photoreporters.ch
Droit des personnes Guide pratique pour photographes Droit des personnes Guide pratique pour photographes
Internet et sphère privée: Position du Conseil
Photos d’archives: Ce qui a parfois posé des problè-
mes, ce sont des images publiées ou republiées dans un
suisse de la presse du 1. sept. 2010
Les médias ne peuvent pas sans autre répandre des
autre contexte avec une légende non adaptée à la situa-
informations de nature privée placées sur Internet.
tion d’origine des personnes photographiées. Si les ré-
Il est vrai que toujours plus d'individus rendent pu-
dacteurs images doivent être vigilants, les photographes
bliques sur Internet des informations et des images de
doivent penser à légender de manière plus complète,
nature privée. Néanmoins les mass médias ne doivent
surtout lorsqu’il s’agit de personnes.
pas en déduire que ces personnes renoncent ainsi
d'elles-mêmes à la protection de leur sphère privée.
Droit à l’information et droit à l’image gradées par une attitude équivoque ou extraite du Médiateur: Une personne qui se sent lésée peut écrire
C'est ce que déclare le Conseil de la presse dans sa
contexte où elles se trouvent. au rédacteur en chef ou au médiateur de la publication.
dernière prise de position. Pour les médias, cela signi-
De plus en plus souvent, des photographes se voient Elle peut aussi s’adresser au Conseil suisse de la
• Exemples: fie qu'ils ne peuvent pas répandre sans autres des
interpellés sur la voie publique. Et ceci le plus parfois presse. Les voies de droit, devant les tribunaux ordinai-
a) S’il est possible de photographier les gens dans un informations privées recueillies sur Internet.
pour de simples photos de bâtiments. Je vous laisse res, restent réservées.
parc public, on demandera son accord à un couple
imaginer les discours lorsqu’il s’agit d’une cour d’école L'organe de plainte touchant aux questions déonto-
d’amoureux sur un banc. Nous le répétons: Nous sommes pour le droit de faire
ou d’une terrasse de restaurant. logiques des médias s'est autosaisi du thème « Inter-
Le sujet est vaste, mais il est nécessaire d’en préciser b) S’il peut être comique de voir une fois un sportif les des images, d’informer et d’être des témoins de notre
net et vie privée ». En effet, cette nouvelle forme de
certains aspects. fesses à l’air, on ne l’isolera pas de son contexte et on temps. Nous pouvons accepter certaines règles et nous
communication a atteint une ampleur telle que d'au-
ne réutilisera pas la photo pour un autre prétexte. avons une éthique professionnelle. Mais, comme nos
cuns prédisent déjà la fin de la notion même de vie
S'il n’y a pas de lois spécifiques régissant le travail des collègues français, nous lutterons contre ceux qui veulent
• Les images de la sphère privée des personnalités privée. Pour l'heure, la question de savoir s'ils ont le
photographes, trois lois cadres sont à prendre en con- limiter ce droit à coup de jurisprudences, instituant ainsi
officielles et publiques sont tolérées en fonction de droit de répandre les informations placées sur la toile,
sidération: une véritable censure qui ne dit pas son nom.
l’intérêt qu’elles suscitent auprès du public. ou de s'y référer, cette question est devenue centrale
pour les journalistes dans l'exercice de leur profes-
1. La liberté de presse et d’information est garantie • Les images de la sphère intime des gens sont illicites.
sion.
(art.16 et 17 Constitution fédérale).
Enfants: Une attention particulière doit être accordée
aux enfants. L’identité des enfants des personnalités Le Conseil de la presse fonde sa position sur sa
2. La protection de la propriété privée. Ce qui impli- Conseil suisse de la presse:
doit être protégées lorsqu’ils ne sont pas concernés jurisprudence : la publicité sur Internet ne signifie pas
que, en théorie, qu’il faut avoir l’accord du proprié-
(exemples : Si Roger Federer va voir un match avec ses nécessairement « publicité médiatique ». Tout dépend
taire ou de son représentant pour travailler sur sa
Le Conseil suisse de la presse est à disposition du - et ça ne concerne pas que l'Internet - de l'intention
propriété. Si cela semble clair pour un centre com- deux fillettes, elles seront bien sûr photographiées à la
public et des journalistes en tant qu’instance de avec laquelle un individu s'expose dans la sphère pu-
mercial ou une entreprise industrielle, cela reste très grande joie de tous ; par contre si un ministre va au res-
plainte pour des questions relevant de l’éthique des blique.
aléatoire pour une cour d’immeuble locatif ou un taurant avec son fils, ce dernier n’a aucune raison d’avoir
médias. Son activité doit contribuer à la réflexion sur
terrain agricole où l’accès du public est possible. sa photo dans le journal). Plus généralement, il faut se
des problèmes fondamentaux d’éthique des médias Selon leur contenu, des informations ou des images
méfier de la véritable paranoïa qui s’est emparée de
3. Le droit de toute personne au respect de sa vie et, de ce fait, stimuler la discussion sur l’éthique des publiées sur Internet peuvent garder leur caractère
certains enseignants et politiciens en ce qui concernent
privée et familiale. L’article 28 RS 210 du Code les images faites dans les écoles. Cet aspect de la so- médias au sein des rédactions. privé. Les journalistes doivent donc évaluer de cas en
Civil Suisse protège chaque individu de toute at- ciété est une des plus belle étape de la vie, il est aber- cas quel est l'intérêt qui prédomine :
teinte illicite à sa personnalité, qu’elle vienne de rant de vouloir l’occulter voir même de cacher les visa- http://www.presserat.ch/ le droit du public à être informé, ou le droit de la per-
l’Etat, d’une autre personne ou d’un média. L’article ges comme à des criminels. sonne à la protection de sa vie privée ?
179 RS 311 du Code Pénal Suisse condamne la
violation du domaine secret ou du domaine privé Spectacle: La Fédération Européenne des Journalistes Lors de cette pesée d'intérêts, il faut absolument
avec, par exemple, un appareil de photo. Il défini le constate avec inquiétude que des restrictions sont de tenir compte du contexte dans lequel une information
domaine privé comme “un fait ne pouvant pas être plus en plus souvent imposées aux photographes jour- a été placée sur Internet. A-t-elle paru dans un réseau
perçu sans autre par chacun”. nalistes professionnels qui couvrent des événements social comme Facebook, ou sur un site institutionnel ?
artistiques, culturels, politiques ou sportifs majeurs. La Le site s'adresse-t-il à un groupe restreint de destina-
Voilà en bref pour la théorie. Nous n’oublierons pas un Fédération européenne s’inquiète des pressions exer- taires, ou à un large public ? L'auteur en est-il un sim-
certain nombre de jurisprudences (notamment du Tribu- cées sur les photographes pour qu’ils signent des con- ple quidam, ou une personne connue du public ?
nal Fédéral) traitant de cas plus particuliers. trats abusifs.
Tenant compte d’avis juridiques exprimés dans différents Les journalistes doivent enfin s'assurer qu'une des
ouvrages, nous pouvons considérer dans la pratique: Les photographes ont pour habitude le respect de la conditions permettant l'identification soit remplie. Les
dignité humaine dans les événements quotidiens ainsi cas dans lesquelles l'identification est admise, tels
• Les images de la vie quotidienne prises dans la que dans les drames et catastrophes. qu'ils sont énumérés dans la directive 7.2 se rappor-
sphère publique ne posent aucun problème, pour tant au chiffre 7 de la « Déclaration », valent égale-
autant que les personnes y figurant ne soient pas dé- ment pour l'Internet.
section photo-impressum www.photoreporters.ch janvier 2014 section photo-impressum www.photoreporters.ch janvier 2014You can also read
