Subsidies, overfishing & the SDGs - Earth ...
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Subsidies, overfishing & the SDGs
Why ending fisheries subsidies matters for India
U. Rashid Sumaila
Fisheries Economics Research Unit
Global Fisheries Cluster
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, Canada
r.sumaila@oceans.ubc.ca
@DrRashidSumaila
Virtual media workshop: The impacts of overfishing
around the coasts of India, May 13, 2021
The ocean is too large to mess up
•2017 Volvo Environment Prize Video: http://www.environment-prize.com/laureates/by-
year/2017/rashid-sumaila/. U. Rashid Sumaila r.sumaila@oceans.ubc.ca
www.thehindu.com
•@DrRashidSumaila.
Millions of Indians depend on the ocean No fish, no fishers, no fish protein or rupees
We are ‘overtaking’ & ‘overpolluting’ Pauly et al. 1998; Jackson et al. 2001, Halpern et al. 2008; Abbott & Sumaila 2019
Declining oceans have serious
human consequences
Enhance the state of fisheries by
fixing the economics
• Remove the incentive to overfish:
– Improve national fisheries management;
– Push for regional cooperative management;
– Make illegal fishing unprofitable;
– Buy insurance by creating marine reserves;
– Remove and/or redirect harmful
subsidies.
Fisheries subsidies
Fishery subsidies are financial payments,
direct or indirect from public entities to the
fishing sector, which reduces the cost of
fishing and/or increases revenues.
www.reefbase.org
Why India should be @ the forefront
of the subsidies struggle
• are substantial – opportunity cost;
• have trade impacts;
• contribute to overcapacity, overfishing &
IUU fishing;
• They sabotage the SDGs.
http://www.terradaily.com
NOAA
How subsidies induce overfishing
TC1
Cost-reducing
MSY subsidies
Bionomic Total cost of
equilibrium fishing effort BE1
(BE) (TC)
MEY
TR TR
& BE2
&
TC TC
( $) Max. ($)
rent TC2
Total
Revenue
(TR)
TR
E1 E2 E3 E3 E4 Fishing effort (E)
Fishing effort (E)
Gordon Schaefer bioeconomic model
Subsidies Around the World
Subsidies by type
Sumaila et al. (2019)India vs. other political entities’ subsidies
Capacity
Beneficial
Country enhancing Ambiguous Total
(USD million)
(USD million) (USD million) (USD million)
China 87 5,516 348 5,952
USA 2,216 1,260 77 3,553
Korea Rep. 1,635 1,506 41 3,182
Japan 534 2,123 161 2,817
EU 1,527 2,050 237 3,814
India 83 174 21 278
LDC 348 913 58 1,319
Sumaila et al. (2019)Subsidies: Small scale versus large scale
Sumaila et al. (2016); Schuhbauer et al. 2017)Subsidies work against sustainable
development goals
• Small Scale – Large Scale Fishers;
• Developing Country – Developed Country fishers
• Women - Men;
• Fishers and processors;
• Youth (Future vs. Current Generation);
• Fish/Ocean/Environment – The People.
14Reduces food security & aggravates poverty
10 million t of fish lost implies lost of jobs & incomes
Srinivasan, Sumaila et al. (2010)Disadvantages developing
country fishers, women & future generations
300
Subsidy per fishery worker (USD 000)
250
Developing countries
200
Developed
150
100
50
-
Beneficial Capacity enhancing Ambiguous
13/05/2021 Teh
Global fisheries & Sumaila,
subsidies 2011; Sumaila et al. (2013)
16There is one global ocean
Subsidies fuel overfishing of the high seas
The depletion of fish
` stocks in the high
seas can influence the availability of
fish to coastal fleets.
Exclusive economic zones (light blue) and high seas (dark blue)Remove harmful subsidies & improve
marine biodiversity, economics & equity
5 countries account for 64% of high seas fishing revenues
(China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea & Spain)
Remove harmful
subsidies
High seas EEZSubsidies & “slave labour” fuel
high seas fishingNew research
• Broadening the global debate on harmful fisheries
subsidies through the use of subsidy intensity
metrics (Skerritt & Sumaila, 2021; Marine Policy);
• The relation between fishing subsidies and CO2
emissions in the fisheries sector (Machado et al.,
2021);
• Global analysis of DWF subsidies dollars “spent”
in coastal states - which countries are most
impacted (Skerritt & Sumaila, ongoing)?
20Blue economy = people & the ocean living in harmony
Positive Feedback
Marine e.g., Subsidies People
Conservation Wellbeing
Negative Feedback
Blue economy: eliminate -ve, promote +ve feedbacksIndia matters … • Is a big, important and influential country; • India is a champion of the poor; • India can seize the moral high ground on harmful subsidies @WTO for the sake of Indian’s struggling coastal communities; • A need to be innovative with public funds.
Thanks for your attention!
Thanks to Earth Journalism
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