SUKUR CULTURAL LANDSCAPE - DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN PLAN
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DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN
2017 – 2021
SUKUR CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
PLAN
2017-2021
DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS
MANAGEMENT PLAN
2017 - 2021
FOR
SUKUR CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CHAPTER ONE - SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 1.1 Disaster and Disaster Risks 1.2 Possible risks /threats observed on site 1.3 Mitigation measures 1.4 Disaster Management Cycle CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Working teams and their functions 2.2 Sources of Information 2.3 List of stakeholders 2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation 2.5 Sources of Funding CHAPTER THREE 3.1 Implementation plan 3.2 Evacuation plan CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION This Risk Preparedness component of the Sukur Management Plan was developed after the review of the 2012-2016 document for the site as a follow-up response to the decision of the World Heritage Committee at its 41st Session held in Krakow, Poland in 2017; to integrate the Risk Preparedness aspect to the main Conservation Management Plan. Sukur like other World Heritage Sites is faced with its own risk factors which can be broadly classified as either natural or man-made. For Sukur site, the natural factors include varying degrees of rainfall and wind which affect the landscape, environment and structures. Man-made factors include the over use of the resources through farming, poaching, grazing and changing lifestyles. Recently the north-eastern region of Nigeria has suffered a spate of insurgency (boko haram) attacks of which Sukur hilltop also recorded such incident. Therefore, this plan is an appropriate strategy to prepare for such challenges that may pose threats to the conservation status of the site.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
HAZARD: Any situation, phenomenon or substance that has the potential to
cause damage or harm to people, their property and their
environment, infrastructure and services.
RISK: The likelihood or possibility of a dangerous occurrence with usually
negative outcome.
DISASTER: A significant/serious disruption of the normal functioning of a
community or a society which results in large scale material, human,
economic and/or environmental losses which are beyond the
capacity of the affected community to cope with, using its own
resources.
MITIGATION: Taking action in the required timeframe before and during a disaster to
lessen post-event damage to lives and property. In many risk
management scenarios, the hazard itself cannot be reduced but the
risk from the hazard can be mitigated or reduced.
PREVENTION: Measures taken to reduce the likelihood losses. Ideally prevention
aims towards zero but this is not often possible.
VULNERABILITY: the susceptibility (exposure) and the resilience (existing controls) of
the community and environment to hazards. The capacity to
reduce or sustain harm is considered.
EMERGENCY: an unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state
that calls for immediate action.
RESPONSE: The reaction to an incident or emergency to assess the damage or
impact to the site and its components, and actions taken to prevent
people and the property from suffering further damage.
SITE/CULTURAL PROPERTY: refers in this document to the ensemble of Cultural
(tangible and Intangible) and Natural features that
constitutes the Sukur Cultural Landscape as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
REFERENCE: “MANAGING DISASTER RISKS” for World Heritage – World Heritage Resource Manual
CHAPTER ONE
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
1.1 DISASTER AND DISASTER RISKS
Disasters result from hazards which are broadly grouped as natural
or human induced.
Disaster Risk is understood to be a function of “hazard” and
“vulnerability”.
This Disaster Risk Management Plan therefore takes into
consideration the possible types and sources of hazards that could
affect the site and the susceptibility of the cultural property to these
hazards to varying degrees.
Categorization of Hazards
Natural Human-induced
Climatic condition: windstorm Fire outbreaks
from North-East and South West Environmental pollution
trade winds Tourists pressure on the landscape
Pest and Rodent attack on during festivals
buildings and structures Deforestation from slash and burn for
Erosion agriculture and fuel
Climate Change: Desertification Insurgency
and Aridification Poaching
Migration
1.2 POSSIBLE RISKS/ THREATS OBSERVED ON SITE
a. WEATHER AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Climatic condition brings windstorms with the North-East winds
and rainstorm with the South West winds which sometimes
damage structures and sacred places due to the high altitude
of the plateau. Rainfall also causes soil erosion on the hilly terrain
of the landscape that affects some features of the site such as
the terrace farmlands and the paved stone walkways.
Erosion on the landscape along slope/terraces
b. FIRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Fire outbreak on the landscape tends to be sporadic due to the
activities of some members of the community in hunting,
poaching and farm clearing which affects the biodiversity.
Furthermore, desertification resulting from weather and climate
affect the vegetation and some of the intervention measures
(afforestation) in conserving the core area thereby making the
cultural features vulnerable to natural hazards.
Desertification of landscape
c. HUMAN FACTORS
The large crowd of visitors during the National Yewal and
Initiation Festivals has some effect on the natural and cultural
features of the site due to mass pressure. In addition some human
activities which are mostly un-intentional through farming and
grazing affect some sacred structures on the landscape.
d. INSURGENCY
The activities of Boko Haram insurgents are threats to the security
of the region. The insurgents attack communities, destroy lives
and desecrate some of the features of the site.
Educational and Healthcare structures on the hilltop damaged by Boko Hara insurgents
1.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
CURRENT MITIGATION MEASURES
Afforestation, creation of starvation zones against fire outbreaks
and other intervention measures in conserving the core area
such as restoration of the stone paved walk way.
Enhanced protection of the core area from deforestation and
erosion through the provision of alternative source of energy and
improved monitoring measures.
Provision of fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment
with training of Sukur youths on modern firefighting methods.
On insurgency, the Federal Government Joint Task Force on
Counter-terrorism in the area is being assisted by the community
vigilante groups.
The community structures within the landscape are regularly
maintained by the Community in collaboration with the National
Commission for Museums and Monuments and Adamawa State
Government.
Availability of First Aid facilities and Health Response Personnel
for emergency services.
There are enlightenment campaigns through the media in English and local languages to surrounding local communities on basic disaster prevention and control measures. ADDITIONAL MITIGATION MEASURES Establish dedicated Fire Guard teams to check and handle fire outbreak on the landscape, with a Fire Service Unit stationed within the buffer zone and the core area for quick response. Increased public awareness programs to educate the public against environmental degradation and indiscriminate felling of trees for fuel and farming. Employ a combination of traditional and modern techniques in the use of materials for restoration and conservation of structures and sacred places to maintain the physical attributes (integrity).
1.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
• Maintain and update inventory and condition assessment
documentation of site features as well as bio-diversity records
• Carry out risk assessment
• Develop disaster scenario plans with responses
• Carry out risk prevention and mitigation activities
• Ensure that Disaster response teams (Individuals,
Institutions/agencies and Host communities are updated on
disaster preparedness requirements
• Check that disaster response equipment are functional and
properly deployed at designated areas
• Enlightenment Programme to the Public
• Implement required emergency
response procedures
• Co-ordinate various responses teams
and mitigate additional risk to site from
implementation of disaster emergency
response
POST DISASTER ACTION
• Document the degree of damage on the various
attributes of the site for better understanding of
the conditions of the level of destructions
• Update of inventory of flora and fauna taking losses
into account
• Regeneration of lost vegetation
Restoring structures using the original material
and maintaining the integrity and authenticity of the
landscape
• Review overall disaster response effectivenessCHAPTER TWO 2.1 WORKING TEAM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Site Manager: is the team leader. Serves as the overall head/desk officer in the management of the site. Heritage and Monument Officers: Document the cultural and natural attributes of the site. Carry out the maintenance of traditional structures and attributes in the landscape. Facilitate archiving for the intangible and tangible heritage through various multimedia formats. Work with Education officers to organize sensitization and awareness programmes on conservation and protection of the landscape including basic disaster prevention and control techniques. Education Officers: carry out guided tours; provide public awareness and enlightenment on various aspects of the landscape. They assist researchers, conduct organized school visits and develop programmes for heritage education. Vigilante Groups: Carry out regular patrol of the landscape to check movement of visitors and staff within the core area and arrest or report to relevant authority whenever unruly behaviours are spotted. Conservators (professional and traditional): Ensure the preservation, protection and maintenance of the traditional structures against deterioration. The Hidi and other Traditional Authorities: Supply information on tangible and intangible heritage of the site and are also in charge of cultural and spiritual activities on the site. They also collaborate with other stakeholders for site conservation activities. Sukur Development Association: Liaise with National Commission for Museums and Monuments on any developmental issues that might affect the landscape.
2.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION - Site Manager and Heritage Officers periodic reports - Departmental and Annual reports - Traditional Leaders accounts - Cultural Experts reports - Articles and Publications - Archival Records and Photographs 2.3 LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) Adamawa State Agency for Museums and Monuments (ASAMM) Adamawa State Ministry for Culture and Tourism Adamawa State Fire Service Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency (ADSEMA) Adamawa State Ministry of Environment Madagali Local Government Council Madagali North Development Area Sukur District Council Hidi-in-Council Sukur Development Association (SDA) Kinjir Foundation Sukur Youth Development Association (SYDA) Matasa Integrated Community Support Initiative (MICSI) National Orientation Agency (NOA) National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO) National Association of Sukur Students (NASS) Culgreene International Ltd Sahel Hospitality Life Saving Grassroots Outreach (LESGO) 2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation There will be regular assessment of the performance of this plan based on evaluation of quarterly activity reports from the Site with feedback provided to Management Committee during its meetings also held on a quarterly basis.
Monitoring Team Site manager Heritage and Monuments Officers Matasa Integrated Community Support Initiative (MICSI) Hunters and Vigilante groups Priority Needs Of The Site Restoration of damaged attributes and vegetation Fire equipment and drills Fumigation and pest control facilities Primary Health Care Centre Capacity building for safety at the Site 2.5 Sources of funding a) Federal Government of Nigeria through NCMM b) Adamawa State Government through ASAMM c) Madagali Local Government Area d) National Yewal Festival Committee e) Donor Agencies
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
HAZARD DISASTER IMPACT VULNERABILITY RISK PREVENTION ACTION BY
LEVEL MEASURE
NATURAL Climatic factor - Medium to Damages to Afforestation, NCMM
windstorm High and creation of ASAMM
Desertification and deterioration starvation NOA
aridification of cultural zones and SDA
Pests and Rodents features of regular Ministry of
attack on buildings the site intervention Environment
and structures measures in Madagali LGA,
Soil Erosion along conserving the and
slopes core area such Traditional
as restoration Authorities
of stone walk
ways.
HUMAN Fire outbreaks Medium to Damages to Enhance NCMM
ACTIVITIES Environmental pollution High biodiversity protection of ASAMM
Tourists pressure on the and cultural the core area NOA
landscape during features. from
MICSI
festivals deforestation
Deforestation from Threats to and erosion. SDA
slash and burn for lives and Also provide Ministry of
agriculture and fuel property alternative Environment
Insurgency source of Madagali LG
Poaching energy and and
Migration increase Traditional
security
Authorities
measures
3.2 EVACUATION PLAN
An effective telecommunication system to be established at the
Site.
Strengthening of the traditional watch towers.
Exit routes from the landscape should be well designated.
Install proper signage to assist in emergency response as well as
handbooks for guides and flyers for visitors on basic emergency
response requirements are to be produced and utilized.
Provision of special security outfit for emergency purposes.
Community partnership with ADSEMA (Adamawa State
Emergency Response Agency)CONCLUSION The effective implementation of this plan will enhance the conservation, preservation and protection of the natural and cultural components of the property. This Disaster Risk Management Plan (2017 -2021) will be reviewed periodically within the 5 year period and new measures would be adopted in response to emerging and evolving needs.
LIST OF PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION AND REVIEW OF THE DISASTER RISK
PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN (2017 – 2021)
CO-ORDINATION
Barr. Emeka Obiora Onuegbu Acting Director-General, National Commission
for Museums and Monuments, Abuja
Mallam Aliyu Abdu Lass Director Monuments, Heritage and Sites
NCMM Abuja
Ms. Victoria Ndidi Osuagwu Deputy Director, Monuments, Heritage and Sites
NCMM Abuja
Participants
1. Anthony Sham NCMM Sukur (Site Manager)
2. Joseph Lawu Zira NCMM Sukur
3. Rukaiyatu Jalani NCMM Yola
4. James Tizhe Siggi Youth Leader, Sukur
5. Nzomni Nuhu Sarki NCMM Yola
6. Luka Suleiman Kinjir Foundation
7. Andrawus Musa SDA
8. Musa S. Dzarma NCMM Yola
9. Mohammed N. Abdullahi NICO Yola
10. Afam I. Nwaonu NiCO
11. Emmanuel S. Ntasiri Rep Sukur Community
12. Simon Waida NCMM Sukur
13. Bashir Sani Auta NICO
14. Tijjani A. Ubandoma NOA
15. Adeneji Adeosun NICO Yola
16. Yohanna Vandi ASAMM Yola
17. Patricia Talmon ASAMM Yola
18. Joseph S. Gwary NCMM Sukur
19. Abubakar Usman NCMM Abuja
20. Aruwa John NCMM Abuja
21. Godwin Okonigene Ehis NCMM Abuja
22. Aisha Mohammed A.(Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
23. Ayeni Oise (Architect) NCMM Abuja
24. Adama Mohammed (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
25. Tizhe Kwatri NCMM Abuja
26. Ebere Ume-Ezeoke (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
27. Chinenye Chigbo (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
28. Jide Adejuwon NCMM Abuja
29. Blessing Konyeha(Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
30. Babatunde Hambolu NCMM Abuja
31. Khadijat Abdulkadir (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja
32. Okafor Victoria NCMM AbujaYou can also read
