Talent on the Move Listening to children and young people on the move to unlock their potential - UNICEF Data
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©UNICEF/UN0209575/Herwig
Talent on the Move
Listening to children and young people on the move
to unlock their potential
Acknowledgements
This publication was developed jointly by UNICEF’s Programme Division, the Division of Data and Analytics, Thank you to the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs for their contributions and support, especially
Planning and Monitoring and the Division of Communication, in partnership with the Kingdom of the Tijmen Rooseboom, Ambassador for Youth, Education and Work, Marian Noppert, Romana Osman and Eddie
Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Migration Youth and Children Platform of the Major Group for Krooneman. We would also like to thank our partners in the Prospects partnership, in particular ILO, UNHCR,
Children and Youth UN Major Group for Children and Youth. IFC and the World Bank, for their support and contributions
Conceptualization, project management and coordination: Verena Knaus, Danzhen You Thank you: This report was made possible by the many thousands of children and young people around the
world who actively engaged with UNICEF as U-Reporters and participated in the poll. You helped us better
Polling: Juan Pablo Arguello Yepez, Caroline Muhwezi and U-Report offices globally understand your concerns and opinions. Thank you.
Data analysis: Jan Beise, Sebastian Palmas, Yukun Pei The poll would not have been possible without support, implementation and outreach provided by UNICEF
Country Offices and National Committees, in particular: Iraq, Uganda, Kenya, Lebanon, Uganda and the
Narrative development, research and writing: Laura Healy, Verena Knaus U-Report Uniendo Voces platform implemented in Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador in coordination with UNICEF,
UNHCR, IOM and IFRC.
Research and production support: Nour Moussa, Giulia Ardizzone
This report benefited from valuable inputs and support from many colleagues. Particular thanks go to: Sanjay
Reporting: Ilaria Lanzoni, Martha Mackenzie, Christopher Tidey Wijesekera, Director, Programme Division, Mark Hereward, Associate Director, Division of Data, of Data and
Analytics, Planning and Monitoring; Paloma Escudero, Director, Division of Communication.
Fact checking: Hirut Gebre-Egziabher
Many colleagues throughout UNICEF provided valuable inputs including: Andaleeb Alam, Rachel Cooper, Priya
Copy editing: Small World Stories Marwah, Bassem Nasir, Maria Jose Ravalli, Erika Isabel Yague and colleagues in Regional Offices, Country
Offices and National Committees.
Design and data visualizations: The Visual Agency S.r.l.
Thanks also go to the following partners for their support: GenU, Yoma, Goodwall, Umuzi, GIZ (Atingi), the UN
Special thanks go to Emmanuel Clifford Gyetuah and Marta Verani from the Migration Youth and Children Migration Network, GP2.0, ODI and others who shared their insights and solutions.
Platform of the Major Group for Children and Youth, and the many young people who helped cocreate the poll
and develop the report to make sure we remained focused on your concerns: Miriam Samira Aber, Ibrahim
Adnankondeh, Alejandro Daly, Alankrita Dayal, Jessica Leigh Jones, Regeza Kamangu, Paule Kevin Nembou
Kouonchie, Suyeon Lee, Faridah Luanda, Nimo Mohammed, Mohammed Hafiz Musah, Nujeen Mustafa,
Temitope Obasa, Stephanie Ojee, Damilola Oyelade, Ruthra Mary Ramachandran, Manuela Ramos, Roman
Sidig, Loes van der Graaf, Tania Velásquez, Maher Azdo Zalvo.
Contents
Foreword 6 PART II: Listening to young people on the move 31
Talent on the Move: Engage, empower, equip! 6 Box 4. Resources and tools on working with and for young people 32
Youth as Solution Providers and Innovators 7 Do you feel heard? 32
Let’s keep Youth at Heart 8 How would you like to share your voice in your community? 33
Introduction 9 PART III: Taking action – together! 34
Box1. Definitions 10
Portrait #1: Alankrita Dayal 12 Annex I. Discover more: youth-led solutions and innovations 36
The poll: How the information was gathered 13 Solution #1: Yoma on the move 36
Box2. U-Report 13 Solution #2: U-Report on the move 36
Box3. Poll Questions 14 Solution # 3: Learning passport 37
Profile of children and young people 15 Solution #4: Innovative skills and talent partnerships 37
Portrait #2: Maher Azdo Zalvo 16 Solution #5: Remote mentoring 37
Portrait #3: Nimo Mohammed 17 Solution #6: Talent cities 38
Portrait #4: Faridah Luanda 18 Solution #7: Adolescent kit for expression and innovation 38
Annex II. Resources and tools for young people 39
PART I: Talent is universal, but opportunities are not 19 Online education, learning and scholarship platforms 39
What I really want 20 Online language courses 39
What I would like to learn 20 Web or app-based information and mentoring 39
Breaking glass barriers 22 Job-search and job-matching platforms 39
Barriers and obstacles to access learning opportunities 22 Training for remote digital livelihoods 40
Portrait #5: Nujeen Mustafa 23
Making a living 24
What I need most to make a living (find income sources) 24
The main obstacle to employment opportunities/earning an income 25
Portrait #6: Regeza Kamangu 26
Youth on the move as innovators 27
Portrait #7: Alejandro Daly 28
The African Coding Network: women in tech 29
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL Foreword
Foreword
Talent on the Move: Engage, empower, equip! Youth as Solution Providers and Innovators
When you think of a place that inspires innovation, Told through the eyes and voices of young people, Combating xenophobia in Colombia, providing peer We joined forces with UNICEF to co-design the poll
you may not think of an informal urban settlement this report offers story after story about hidden support and training to fellow migrants in Kenya or questions, reach and engage young people in our
or sprawling refugee camp. talents, aspirations and resilience. Each young leader using art to foster integration and healing in the US – own networks and co-create this report, because
and changemaker profiled inspires us to shape a in every country and every city young people on the we want the voices of young people – their stories
When you think of the next great tech developers or new narrative around children on the move — not as move are transforming the communities they live in. and solutions – to come to life. To be heard and
social entrepreneurs, you probably won’t think of a victims or burdens, but as assets to any society. listened to. Not by passively asking for help, but by
young refugee or undocumented migrant. As we listen to them — and learn from them — our They are spearheading innovative solutions and offering our support and genuine partnership.
job is to find new ways to support their dreams and technologies and building bridges between host This report is an invitation to follow the lead of
When we think about the future of countries ambitions, and unlock new opportunities for them communities and people on the move. young people to come together for change.
affected by conflict or displacement, we see only to learn, earn and thrive. They are speaking out and raising issues that are
problems, and rarely possibilities. But at UNICEF, bigger than themselves, such as unequal access to Marta Verani
we want the world to see beyond these obstacles Let’s match their incredible resilience and hope with education, jobs, and services, official qualifications Global Focal Point
to what is, in fact, a wealth of untapped talent and our own best efforts to support them and ignite the going unrecognized or discrimination because of a Migration Youth and Children Platform –
potential in some of the most unexpected places on full potential of every child and young person, no person’s migratory status. Major Group for Children and Youth
earth. matter who they are or where they come from.
Obstacles that, if not removed, lead to wasted
Powered by the voices of 8,764 young people Henrietta H. Fore talents and injustice – leaving behind a generation
around the world, this report highlights the potential UNICEF Executive Director unable to fulfil its potential. Young people have
of young migrants, internally displaced or refugees strong voices, clear priorities, and practical
as changemakers, leaders and innovators. Young solutions, and we are calling loudly for meaningful
people on the move who are featured in this partnerships and support.
report — like Nujeen, Faridah and Alejandro — are
transforming their communities and economies.
6 7
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL Introduction
Introduction
Let’s keep Youth at Heart
“We need to get into the habit of structurally Meaningful youth participation is a human right, While COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill, They usually happen in a context of constrained life
listening to what youth have to say.” – Sigrid which also improves development interventions millions of children and young people continue choices faced by young people caught between their
Kaag, Minister for Foreign Trade and Development and makes them more sustainable. We do not want to be ‘on the move’ – many driven by hopes for a aspirations and hopes, a duty of care to their families
Cooperation of the Netherlands to lose a generation but ensure that youth from meaningful life and aspirations to learn and earn. and communities, and pressures to leave home.
both forcibly displaced and host communities have
The very idea that young people should be able to (future) prospects, can build a life for themselves, There are an estimated 281 million international The journey of a young person is rarely linear and will
have a say on matters that affect them is exactly and contribute to the societies in which they live. migrants.2 One in five is a young person3 and often take place in stages. It may be a move from
what UNICEF has done with the U Report poll. Let me express my appreciation to UNICEF and the 36 million are children.4 Worldwide, more than 4 the village to the capital city; the young person may
This report is placing the voices of young people Prospects partners for this flagship report. out of 10 forcibly displaced persons are younger be internally displaced before becoming a refugee;
first and brings to light their experience in the Let me also thank the youth that have shared their than 18, with 33 million children living in forced he or she may move safely and regularly, or may be
transition from ‘learning-to-earning’. This has ideas, views, needs, concerns and insights through displacement at the end of 2019 – either as forced to take great risks, falling prey to smugglers or
been conducted under the Prospects partnership1 the poll. The results from this report show that internally displaced persons within their country or becoming a victim of trafficking. For some, the journey
bringing together the Government of the there is enormous merit in meaningful engagement abroad as refugees or asylum seekers.5 Each day will continue abroad; for others it will involve a return
Netherlands, IFC, ILO, UNHCR, UNICEF, and the with young people. Let’s keep learning from each of 2020, almost 26,900 children were displaced by to their region of birth.
World Bank to provide a unique combination of other and let’s keep youth at heart. climate-induced disasters alone.6 While many are
humanitarian assistance, longer-term development uprooted from their homes due to conflict, violence, Regardless of their reason for moving, their
support, and private sector solutions to help Tijmen Rooseboom political persecution or disaster, for others, the journeys from learning to earning are often
forcibly displaced persons rebuild their lives, with a Ambassador for Youth, Education and Work, decision to move may be influenced by personal, disrupted, leaving young people without recognized
particular focus on youth and women. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands family, cultural or economic factors - including credentials, social networks, mentors, or peer
gendered roles and responsibilities or family crises, support, as they move and settle in unfamiliar
The findings in this report help Prospects like the sudden death of a parent or breadwinner. places. Along with their right to education remaining
partners understand barriers and opportunities unfulfilled, their CVs remain blank, and their dreams
youth face on their ‘learning-to-earning’ While we know surprisingly little about how and career ambitions are seldom realized.
pathways and inform Prospects programming. young people come to decisions, one thing is
certain: decisions to leave home are never taken
in isolation.
2 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (UNDESA), 2020, International Migration 2020
Highlights, executive summary, p.1, available at https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/
files/undesa_pd_2020_international_migration_highlights.pdf; data from 2020 includes refugees and asylum seekers.
3 UNDESA, Population Division, 2020, International Migrant Stock 2020.
4 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) data website, April 2021, Child Migration, available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-
migration-and-displacement/migration/; Data from 2020 - young person is under 25 and child is under 18.
5 UNICEF data website, April 2021, Child Displacement, available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-migration-and-displacement/
migration/
1 The partnership is active in eight countries in the Middle East and the Horn of Africa (Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, 6 UNICEF UK, 2021, Futures at Risk – Protecting the rights of children on the move in a changing climate, p.5 available at https://www.
Sudan and Uganda). unicef.org.uk/futures-at-risk-climate-report/
8 9
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL Introduction
BOX 1 Yet young migrants, refugees and internally displaced “I would like to learn how to become a great person This report provides an opportunity to listen – and
persons (IDPs) across continents represent a unique, and how to succeed in life”, then to act with and for young people on the move.
Definitions untapped pool of talent, ideas, and entrepreneurship. said a 17-year-old boy from Kenya. This means working together to cocreate
Often resilient, highly motivated and with experience personalized and flexible pathways to help young
Children on the move: International or internal overcoming adversity, they have the potential to help While the story we hear is often one of difference, people learn, gain necessary skills and build
child migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, as solve some of our greatest challenges. discrimination, and exclusion, we learned that resilience to future shocks. It means leveraging
well as internally displaced children or returnees.7 young people – whether they are migrants, forcibly and tailoring digital innovations and private sector
While COVID-19 has spurred a myriad of on and displaced, or have never left their homes – share the partnerships to overcome barriers. It means
Young people and ‘youth’: While there is no off-line ‘skilling and employability’ initiatives for same dreams and aspirations for their futures. They identifying and fostering the talent of high-potential
single definition of “youth” or “young people”, this young people, efforts to support youth on the move are united in their desire to launch their careers, earn youth.
report focuses on young people, aged 14 to 24, – especially the most vulnerable – to transition into a living and live a meaningful life. We heard stories of
and uses the terms ‘young people’ and ‘youth’ the world of work, often fail to identify their hidden ambition, resilience, and empowerment. Of having As the examples in this report highlight, young
interchangeably. talents or to connect them with the opportunities faced the odds and succeeded. people on the move are a force for success. But
available to them. only by creating incentives and opportunities for
Host population ‘youth’: In this report, host ‘Everyone asks you about the past, but no one asks them to fulfil their aspirations can we turn their
population youth is used to describe all young Powered by the voices of youth, this report you about the future. But I reimagine my future every passions, energy and hopes into something
people, aged 14 to 24, who have not left their harnessed the technology of U-Report to ask 8,764 day’, Kotada Yonus, former Syrian refugee and youth productive and empowering.
homes and are neither migrants nor displaced. young people, aged between 14 and 24, if they felt entrepreneur.11
heard and invited them to share their aspirations
Migrant: A person who is moving or has moved to learn and earn.
across an international border or within a home
country regardless of whether the move is According to this poll, nearly 40 per cent of young
voluntary or involuntary regardless of their legal people on the move identify education and
status or length of stay.8 training as their biggest priorities, and 30 per cent
prioritized looking for a job. When asked what was
Refugee: A person who lives outside his or her holding them back from achieving their goals,
country of nationality and is unable to return 70 per cent said that limited financial resources
because of persecution or fear of persecution prevented them from learning, and 38 per cent
based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion identified a lack of available jobs as their biggest
or membership in a particular social group.9 barrier to earning an income.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): Individuals or What they told us confirmed the simple truth that
groups of people who have been forced or obliged for many, while talent is universal, opportunity
to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual is not. The right of every child and adolescent to
residence, in particular as a result of, or in order to develop their talents to their fullest potential is
avoid the effects of, armed conflict, situations of often a distant dream as quality skills-building and
generalized violence, violations of human rights or employment opportunities are hard to come by.
natural or human-made disasters, and who have not
crossed an internationally recognized state border.10 “I want to learn everything”,
said an 18-year-old woman from Egypt.
7 UNICEF, 2016, Uprooted – the growing crisis for refugee and migrant children, p. 14, available at https://data.unicef.org/resources/
uprooted-growing-crisis-refugee-migrant-children/
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid. U-Report, Guatemala
11 Youth At Heart Virtual Forum - livestreamed on You Tube Youth@Heart LIVE - YouTube
10 11
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL The poll: How the information was gathered
PORTRAIT #1:
The poll: How the information
Alankrita Dayal was gathered
As part of an effort to listen to the voices of The poll reached 26,375 people and 16,326
young people on the move, UNICEF worked with provided a valid response, including 8,764 young
U-Report,12 a messaging programme for adolescent, people between 14 and 24 years of age.
youth and community participation that amplifies Among them, 3,157 respondents, aged 14-24,
the voices of 15 million U-Reporters in 81 countries. self-identified as migrants, refugees or IDPs.
The poll questions were co-created in partnership
with young people and the Migration Youth and BOX 2
Children Platform of the Major Group for Children
Alankrita Dayal is a young migrant who, at age Alankrita has supported over 20,000 youth by and Youth. Partners involved in the Prospects U-Report
17, founded an organization called Program yoUr providing access to data-driven interventions that partnership funded by the Netherlands Ministry of
Future (PUF) to help students – particularly young help build a more inclusive culture that appreciates Foreign Affairs joined to support the poll’s outreach U-Report is a real-time social messaging tool that
women and youth from immigrant and refugee and welcomes the diversity that migrant and and dissemination; these included the International allows anyone from anywhere in the world to speak
backgrounds in the US – acquire the skills needed displaced people bring to a community and helps Labour Organization (ILO), the UN Refugee Agency out on the issues they care about. It was developed
to lead successful careers in science, technology, overcome skill and social barriers. (UNHCR), the World Bank and the International by UNICEF and partners to provide a platform
engineering and mathematics (STEM). Finance Corporation. for capturing a range of voices on the critical
development issues of our time.
Alankrita struggled as one of the few migrant girls Launched in May 2021, the poll ran over four weeks
in her community. It was difficult to find mentors on five independent U-Report platforms: at global U-Report has members called U-Reporters.
or to feel welcomed. This fuelled her passion to level; regionally through the interagency Uniendo U-Reporters can join the platform by SMS or social
advocate for equity and inclusion and sustainable Voces platform targeting Venezuelan migrants and media channels such as WhatsApp or Facebook
prosperity for all, especially the most marginalized. refugees living in Ecuador, Brazil and Bolivia; and Messenger, allowing them to respond to polls,
through national U-Report programmes in Iraq, report concerns, support child rights and work as
Alankrita was accepted to the University of Kenya, Lebanon and Uganda. positive agents of change. Currently more than 6
California-Berkeley, where she studied a double million U-reporters are present in over 50 countries.
major in Computer Science and Cognitive Science, The questions focused on aspirations and barriers
with minors in Public Policy and South Asian to learning and earning. Most questions were To sign-up, U-Reporters must register their age,
Studies, and a certificate in Entrepreneurship and multiple-choice, with only some requiring open- gender and where they live. Once signed up,
Technology. ended responses. U-Report sends SMS messages and alerts about
polls or updates from ongoing campaigns. Their
Now through her entrepreneurial reform efforts responses are analysed in real-time, providing an
at Program yoUr Future, she is actively inspiring immediate snapshot of the situation.
others with the necessary tools, connections, and
resources to be able to do the same.
12 U-Report website, available at https://ureport.in/
12 13
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL Profile of children and young people
BOX 3
The respondents are not necessarily a
representative sample of migrant and displaced Profile of children
and young people
youth based on their demographics, their country of
Poll Questions origin or current geographic location. In addition, the
poll respondents are a select group because they –
The U-Report poll asked one question on the unlike many others – have access to the internet or
migratory status followed by four multiple mobile phones, and have at least basic digital skills.
choice questions and one open-ended question: It is also important to note that participants in the
1. My current status is? poll signed themselves up for U-Report and were
2. What is your top priority now? responsible for providing accurate information about
a. If your top priority is education, what are the their age, sex and the country they were in.
main obstacles to access learning?
b. If your top priority is finding a job, what do While this report captures the voices of a subset of The results presented in this report represent the About 59 per cent self-identified as male, 39 per
you most need to access income sources? youth on the move, it is important to note the poll’s voices of 8,764 young people aged 14-24, of whom cent as female, and 2 per cent as non-binary. Less
3. If your top priority is to access learning, what limitations in reaching some of the most vulnerable. 3,157 self-identified as a migrant, refugee or IDP. than one in five respondents were younger than
would you like to learn? (open ended) Complementary research approaches to target 18 and 83 per cent said they were aged 18–24.
4. If your top priority is accessing employment, those without connectivity, and efforts to bridge Though the poll collected information from Of the 3,157 youth on the move, 68 per cent were
what are the main obstacles to accessing job the digital divide, are needed if we want to attain a respondents younger than 14 and older than 24, the forced to leave their homes, while 32 per cent left
opportunities? (open endend) more comprehensive picture of the aspirations and report focuses on those aged 14–24, in line with by choice.
5. Do you feel you can contribute your opinions, challenges for youth on the move. UNICEF's mandate.
skills and talents in your community? Nearly 95 per cent of the respondents participated
6. How would you like to share your voice in your from countries in the Middle East and North Africa
community? (52%) and from Sub-Saharan Africa (43%) -with far
Age and Sex fewer participants responding from Latin America
Fig 1. Percentages of the 3,157 young people on the and the Caribbean or other parts of the world.
move (aged 14-24) by gender and age.
The response rates were particularly high in Iraq
2% and Uganda due to strong national U-Report
Non-binary platforms and partnerships that could be leveraged
to reach young people.
In Uganda, partners working in refugee-hosting
districts promoted the poll amongst their youth
networks, inviting interested participants to send
59% 39%
Female the trigger word, ‘learning’, to join the poll and have
Male
their voices heard. In Iraq, the poll was shared with
young people in IDP camps through established
partnership networks. As noted earlier, partners of
17% the Prospects partnership – including ILO, UNHCR,
Aged 14-17
the World Bank, IFC and the Netherlands – also
joined the effort to promote participation of young
people, particularly those living in areas hosting
displaced populations.
83%
U-Report, Iraq Aged 18-24
14 15
PORTRAIT #2: PORTRAIT #3:
Maher Azdo Zalvo Nimo Mohammad
Maher Azdo Zalvo is a 25 year-old internally engagement activities. Today Maher works with Nimo Mohammed is a 25-year-old refugee, living in Nimo works with fellow leaders to promote peace
displaced person in Iraq. CARE International. Nakivale Refugee Settlement, Uganda. amongst refugee and host communities.
As a leader, Nimo has organized meetings with the
Maher used to live in Tal Uzair in Sinjar district “The courses and activities offered by VOP have When Nimo's father was killed in the war in two communities and facilitates dialogue about
before being forced to leave his hometown. prepared me for this job and helped me transition Somalia, her family fled to Kenya. In 2016, because living and working together.
He is now internally displaced in the Kurdistan from learning to earning’’, Maher told one of the of security risks and driven by hopes for a better
region of Iraq. VOP-FAM’s Community Mobilizers. future, Nimo and her family fled to south-west
Uganda.
For two years Maher stayed with his family in He is also an active U-Reporter and helped to reach
Mamlyan camp, unable to continue his education. young IDPs in his community, encouraging them to Nimo is an active U-Reporter and has participated
In 2017, the family moved to Mam Rashan camp, share their views in the poll informing this report. in youth-led research activities with U-Report and
where Maher participated in activities organized UNICEF.
by Voices of People and Families (VOP-FAM), a
UNICEF-supported adolescent programme providing She is currently the woman representative for
community leadership and English language Base Camp One in Nakivale and a former vice
courses, computer and e-journalism trainings as chairperson for the Somali community in Base
well as sports activities. Camp Three.
Last year, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Maher In these roles she focuses on promoting women’s
started volunteering with VOP-FAM to help raise rights, preventing and responding to sexual and
awareness among the IDP community on how to gender-based violence (SGBV) in her community
prevent transmission of the virus and supported and fighting to support gender equality.
a skills building programme for adolescents to
serve the community through social and civic
16 17
TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART I : Talent is universal, but opportunities are not
PORTRAIT #4: PART I :
Faridah Luanda Talent is universal, but
opportunities are not
Often resilient, highly motivated and brimming Too many children and youth on the move grow up
with ideas and aspirations, young migrants and deprived of an education, learning opportunities
displaced youth represent a valuable pool of and the long-term benefits they afford. Refugees
talent and innovation. The experience of moving have some of the lowest education rates in
equips many with the ability to adapt quickly to the world when compared to low and middle
new environments.13 They often bring knowledge, income countries, with less than a third enrolled
language skills and new business connections to in secondary school and only 3 per cent in higher
their host communities. McKinsey calculated that education.17
migrants made up just 3.4 per cent of the world’s
population in 2015, but contributed nearly 10 per Girls are impacted the hardest, with only 27 per
cent of global gross domestic product (GDP) - cent enrolled in secondary school, compared to
Faridah Luanda is a 23-year-old refugee from women and girls can learn skills, such as tailoring, equal to $6.7 trillion.14 Our own lives are touched 36 per cent of refugee boys. The learning and
the Democratic Republic of Congo, now living in hairdressing, counselling, public speaking, reading every day by inventions and products developed by development loss is immense. In 2019, it was
Sweden. and writing. The training centre supports vulnerable migrants or refugees. In 2017, half of all Fortune 500 estimated that refugee women could contribute
girls and young women to gain independence companies were founded by American immigrants up to $1.4 trillion to global GDP annually if given
“My life experience as a child mother, SGBV survivor and confidence and to bring change to their (92) or children of immigrants (124).15 the opportunity in each of the top 30 refugee-
and a victim of forced marriage has inspired me to communities. hosting countries.18 In Jordan, for example, the
want to make a difference and to create change in my “We are not here just to take something from the place World Bank estimated that refugee women could
community, my life, and my family by transforming Faridah has been working tirelessly to help her where we live, but to give something to society, we are boost Jordan’s GDP by approximately $145 million
our vulnerabilities into strengths.” community respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, young people, strong, with good ideas.” annually if employment and earning gaps between
producing and distributing hundreds of homemade Daouda, UPSHIFT participant from Ivory Coast.16 refugee and Jordanian women were eliminated.19
“Engagement of refugee girls and women in decision- handwashing stations to enable households with
making is the key to success in every community at all limited access to running water to wash their hands
levels.” regularly.
13 University of Birmingham, 2021, International interventions and migration choices – the final report of the Migchoice project, p.13,
available at https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/government/departments/international-development/research/projects/2019/
migchoice/index.aspx
Faridah is a fierce advocate, a mother, a friend,
14 McKinsey Global Institute, 2016, ‘People on the Move: Global migration’s impact and opportunity’, p.1, available at
founder of DaVision Group and co-creator of https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/employment-and-growth/global-migrations-impact-and-opportunity
One Touch (solar-powered) Music Studio, which 15 Brookings, Almost half of Fortune 500 Companies were Founded by American Immigrants or their Children, December 4, 2017,
specializes in producing songs with a social available at https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2017/12/04/almost-half-of-fortune-500-companies-were-founded-by-american-
immigrants-or-their-children/
message. DaVision Group works to transform the 16 UNICEF, July 2019, How young people in Sicily are changing the migration narrative, available at https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/
lives of young refugees through music, dance, how-young-people-sicily-are-changing-migration-narrative
drama, education and livelihood activities. 17 Save the Children, 2021, Progress under threat, p.3 (Fig 1), data from 2019, available at https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/
node/18632/pdf/progress_under_threat.pdf
18 RescueWorks, 2019, Unlocking Refugee Women’s Potential, Executive Summary, pp. 3-4, available at https://www.rescue.org/sites/
Faridah also established a training centre for default/files/document/3987/reportrescueworksunlockingrefugeewomenspotential.pdf
child mothers and school dropouts where young 19 International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2021, Barriers and Opportunities for Refugee Women Engaging in the Digital Economy in
Jordan and Lebanon, p.1, available at: link; citing World Bank, Mashreq Gender Facility, available at https://www.worldbank.org/en/
programs/mashreq-gender-facility
18 19TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART I :Talent is universal, but opportunities are not
Refugees, however, represent just a portion of Fig 2. What is your top priority now? Per centage of “I would like to learn leadership”, said a 24-year-old Fig 3. If your top priority is access to learning, what
children and youth on the move. Many young respondents aged 14-24 by current top priority. man from Uganda. would you like to learn? The following are the most
frequent answers among young respondents on
migrants and asylum seekers, especially those who
On the move (n=3052) the move (14-24 years) grouped in themes (relative
are undocumented, are excluded from learning and “I would like to learn about business and investment”, frequencies).
Host population (n=3333)
earning opportunities due to their citizenship, legal said a 19-year-old man from Lebanon.
or migration status. Discrimination, digital exclusion
and lack of connectivity often drive an even greater 37% Another highly desired skill was languages (e.g. Everything
Education/training
wedge between youth on the move and their host 39% English, Arabic, French) and obtaining relevant
population peers – especially in a post-COVID-19 certificates (e.g. IELTS). Language skills are critical
Look for job 30%
world. For example, in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan 25%
to support integration and access information on
only one in four migrant and displaced children and available services and opportunities. Women and Medicine
youth have access to the internet.20 Starting a business 10% girls on the move mentioned their aspirations to
9%
learn a language at more than twice the rate of
Even those lucky enough to attend school often 3% boys and men.
Work Permit
struggle to transition into the world of work. A 1%
Tech
lack of relevant, flexible and accredited learning-to- Tech skills were the third most common theme.
2%
Legal status
earning pathways leaves many young people with 1% Skills such as coding, engineering, and digital tools
no option to acquire the foundational, transferable, were highly sought after among respondents –
14%
digital, job-specific, and entrepreneurial skills All of the above more so by boys and young men. Tech skills were
18%
needed to thrive in the world of work. mentioned by 194 female respondents and 313 Language
None of the above 4% male respondents. The difference may relate to
7%
the digital divide, with girls and women often at a
disadvantage when it comes to digital adoption due
What I really want to less access to and use of digital technology than
boys.21 Professional
To hear about their experiences directly, U-Report
asked young people about their aspirations and “I would like to learn basic computer skills, in addition
priorities for the future. What I would like to learn to learning English”, said a 20-year-old man from
Egypt.
Thirty-seven per cent of youth on the move This question was open ended, and answers were
considered education and training to be their received in multiple languages. A simple keyword “I want to learn information technology”, said a
greatest priority and 30 per cent placed greatest search was applied to the translated answers to 24-year-old woman from Kenya.
importance on looking for a job. Children on the collate and analyse the results.
move (aged 14–17) were more likely to prioritize Medicine and other health-related themes such
education and training over jobs than young adults When asked what they would like to learn, the as nursing, dentistry and psychology were also
(aged 18–24) and finding a job was more frequently answers most often related to professional skills, frequently mentioned.
mentioned with increasing age. Girls and young such as law, administration, business or education.
women selected education slightly more frequently There was a strong preference for courses with a “I want to be a nurse or doctor”, said a 21-year-old
as a top priority than boys and young men. clear career pathway to transition from learning into woman in Kenya.
the workforce.
Priorities were similar for all young people who
responded, whether on the move or not, illustrating “I want to become a lecturer so that I can help the
a common desire to pursue opportunities to learn youth”, said a 22-year-old woman in Nigeria.
and earn.
20 UNICEF, 2020, Innocenti Blog, Children on the Move in East Africa – Research insights to mitigate COVID-19, available at 21 UNICEF East Asia and Pacific, Innovation and Technology for Gender Equality: Gender tech toolkit: Building digital solutions for, with,
https://www.unicef.org/eap/innovation-and-technology-gender-equality and by girls, available at https://www.unicef.org/eap/innovation-and-technology-gender-equality
20 21TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL
introducing gamified applications, and enhancing PORTRAIT #5:
Breaking glass
Nujeen Mustafa
the focus on digital entrepreneurship. While the
poll targeted those with access to connectivity or
barriers at least a mobile phone, one in five youth on the
move indicated that better access to internet
would improve their access to education and
Young migrant and displaced people experience training opportunities.
multiple barriers to learning, with financial
constraints and lack of information identified as Barriers and obstacles to access
their most pressing challenges. For many, moving learning opportunities
can also mean losing livelihoods and income, with
families struggling to cover the cost of school Seventy per cent of youth on the move considered
fees and classroom supplies. Seventy per cent lack of money a significant barrier – and this was
of youth on the move considered money to echoed by 63 per cent of host population youth.
be their biggest obstacle to learning. Children Only 3 per cent of migrant and displaced youth
and youth on the move may live in camps or felt they faced no obstacles accessing learning
informal settlements, they might be in immigration opportunities. Unlike the other questions in the
detention, unaccompanied or separated from their poll, this one allowed for multiple answers.
families, or squatting in urban slums. They are often
hardest to reach with accurate information in a These findings challenge us to better understand
language they understand.22 the barriers and obstacles that prevent youth on
the move from accessing learning opportunities.
Information may be unavailable, or it may be The findings embolden us to reimagine incentives
inaccessible due to practical or cultural barriers. that could be offered to young people on the Nujeen Mustafa is a 22-year-old Syrian refugee while Nujeen set out with her sister across the
Thirty-two per cent of migrant and displaced move to help them overcome barriers and offset living in Germany. Mediterranean, braving inconceivable odds for the
youth polled considered lack of information the economic and social costs associated with chance to have a normal life and an education. Since
about available learning opportunities and continued learning. "Make information accessible for us – it's our right! moving to Germany, Nujeen has been attending
resources as a key barrier to education. Make schools accessible to people with disabilities… vocational college and aspires to go to university to
Furthermore, difficulties in getting previous Fig 4. If learning is your top priority, what is the I am a girl, I am a refugee, I am Kurdish which is a study psychology. She is also a powerful advocate
studies recognized was a key issue for 23 per main obstacle to access learning? Percentages minority, and I have a disability – I have so many for refugee youth, undertaking media interviews
shown are of those respondents aged 14–24 who
cent of young people on the move who were labels – but I don't like to be seen as a victim! No one and speaking at several high-profile conferences.23
had selected ‘access to learning’ as a priority.
trying to access additional learning and training. (multiple answers possible). has the right to take away my chance as a fighter."
COVID-19 has compounded many existing barriers, Nujeen was just sixteen, when she made the
On the move (n=1370) Host population (n=1622)
with millions forced out of school or training and at 3,500-mile journey from Syria to Germany in a
Money 70%
risk of never returning. Eighteen per cent of youth 63% steel wheelchair. Nujeen was born with cerebral
32%
on the move pointed to the role the pandemic Information
33% palsy and spent most of her life confined to her
has played in limiting their access to learning No internet
20% apartment in Aleppo, Syria, where she taught
20%
opportunities. But COVID-19 has also accelerated Recognition 23%
herself English by watching shows on TV.
the shift to greater use of digital technologies in of studies 21%
18%
youth education programmes, with education COVID
20% As war broke out, Nujeen and her family were
systems moving to distance learning and blended Not allowed 8% forced to flee, first to her native Kobane, then
to enroll 7%
learning models. Multiple organizations have Turkey. Nujeen’s family did not have enough money
No obstacles 3%
pivoted to scale-up online skilling opportunities, 8% for them all to make it to safety in Germany, where
her brother lives, so her parents stayed in Turkey
22 UNICEF, 2021, Migrant and Displaced Children website, available at: https://www.unicef.org/migrant-refugee-internally-displaced-
children 23 USA for UNHCR website, available at https://www.unhcr.org/nujeen-mustafa.html
22 23TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART I :Talent is universal, but opportunities are not
One of Yoma’s recent initiatives – the Digital The main obstacle to employment Fig 6. If your top priority is to find an income, what
Making a living Livelihoods Challenge – seeks to equip young opportunities/earning an income is the main obstacle to accessing employment
opportunities? The following are the most frequent
people with the digital tools and entrepreneurial
answers among young respondents on the
competencies to monetize their unique passions. Youth were asked an open question about their move (aged 14–24) grouped in themes (relative
Many migrant and displaced youth experience Also, key to addressing the mismatch between greatest barriers to work, and these are some of frequencies).
a mismatch between skills development and jobs and aspirations is providing youth with their voices:
opportunities for work. Access to labour markets information about the realities of the labour market
are limited by the absence of relevant, flexible, and availability of jobs to allow them to make more “The current economic situation and even though COVID
accredited, and recognized learning-to-earning informed decisions as they transition I am skilled technician, I do not have professional
opportunities, technical and vocational education certificates”, said a 24-year-old man from Jordan. No information
and training (TVET), and informal education What I need most to make a living
certification. Further, migration status (or lack (find income sources) “There are not enough jobs available…there are
No perrmit/documents
of ‘legal status’) and outright discrimination and thousands of youth who are highly competitive and
exclusion from national labour markets hold back Fig 5. What do you need most to access income? skilled but unfortunately cannot find employment”,
many seeking to enter the workforce. 24 25 Per centage of respondents aged 14–24 who said said an 18-year-old man from Kenya.
their priority is finding a source of income according Corruption
to what is most needed to achieve this goal.
Thirty-eight per cent of youth on the move “Racism. Not working according to the law”, said a
identified the lack of available jobs as their 21-year-old woman in Ethiopia. Discrimination
biggest challenge to earn an income. In fact, On the move (n=1542) Host population (n=1316)
this was the greatest concern for all youth Not enough jobs available “Not having good connections and good curriculum”,
38%
respondents, with 43 per cent of host population 43%
said a 21-year-old woman from Italy.
No money
youth also pointing to lack of jobs as their biggest
Support in finding a job
barrier. Youth respondents also indicated lack “In Kakuma refugee camp where I live there are not
18%
of support to find a job and limited access to 13% enough opportunities for jobs. I have no permits or
information as significant obstacles. Migrant Information documents”, said a 21-year-old man in Kenya. Lack of skills/certificates
and displaced children (aged 14–17) placed higher 15%
importance on the internet as a tool for generating 16% “Limited access to available internet connections”,
income compared with young adults (aged 18–24). Discrimination said a 23-year-old man from Iraq.
8%
Job availability
7%
Addressing this challenge goes beyond simply “I would like to learn how to manage projects with
finding a decent job to earn an income – creating Lack of training youth”, said a 17-year-old woman from Bolivia.
purpose and a meaningful life is also key. 7%
7%
Yoma, a digital marketplace for youth across the Internet
6%
world is designed to support young people by 5%
actively engaging them in social impact tasks
Work permits
and offering personalized learning and earning
4%
opportunities. Continued learning and self- 3%
development is incentivized through a reward
Lack of contacts
system offering digital tokens. 4%
6%
24 International Labour Organization (ILO), 2020, Protecting the rights at work of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons during the
COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations for Policy-makers and Constituents, p.1, available at https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-
migration/publications/WCMS_748485/lang--en/index.html; ILO, 2020, Protecting migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic,
available at https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/publications/WCMS_743268/lang--en/index.html
25 Legal status, discrimination and exclusion from national labour markets was cited as a major concern by the Major Group for Children
and Youth reference group who reviewed and helped develop the report.
24 25TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART I :Talent is universal, but opportunities are not
PORTRAIT #6: One of the winners was the Association for
Youth on the move
Regeza Kamangu
the Integration of Women (AIW), a non-profit
organization based in Modena, Italy. Its mission
as innovators is to provide resources for women to establish
roots and flourish with programmes designed to
give migrant women the opportunity to show their
All around the world, youth are leaders of change, potential, including paid technical and nontechnical
innovators and experts in their fields. The 2020 training programmes or community-building
Global Forum on Migration and Development activities.
(GFMD) Youth Leadership and Innovation Award
shone a spotlight on youth-led initiatives that Another finalist – Refupoet – is a non-governmental
empower and improve the lives of young migrant organization that provides a safe space for refugees,
and displaced people.26 asylum seekers and migrants to tell their stories
of trials and triumph through music, poetry, dance
Winners were supported in their ongoing journey and the visual arts. Creating art can be a source
through a two-month mentorship programme, of emotional support for young people who have
seed funding and access to networks. The nine experienced trauma, while also raising awareness
finalists included powerful examples of youth-led about refugee and migrant issues to shape positive
innovations and solutions that address real-life public narratives about them.
challenges from combating xenophobia facing
©UNICEF/UNI289418/Moving Minds Venezuelan migrants in Colombia to using food in
Italy or poetry in Kenya to foster social cohesion
and social entrepreneurship.27
Regeza Kamangu is a 30-year-old refugee graduate
of the UNICEF-supported African Drone Academy. Regeza worked as a teaching assistant in the Regis
Diploma programme through Jesuit Worldwide
“Grab the opportunity when it comes. I was given Learning, and he tutored refugees worldwide.
the opportunity once, and just grabbed it. I wanted He also worked as the Global Education Movement
to help other refugees. With those skills (drone Employment Editor.
technologies) I could do it.”
Regeza obtained drone pilot certificates from
Regeza is Congolese and he spent four years in Virginia Tech, with UNICEF support and has been
Dzaleka refugee camp in Malawi. He is studying working as a pilot for Swoop Aero to supply
online for a BA in management from Southern New essential goods, vaccines and collect blood samples
Hampshire University in the USA. He co-founded to and from hard-to-reach areas in Malawi, the
Nyota, an organization that offers guidance on Democratic Republic of Congo (DCR) and
proposal writing and fundraising to community- Mozambique.
based organizations in the Dzaleka camp in Malawi.
U-Report, Malawi
26 Major Group for Children and Youth (MGCY), Youth for Innovation Contest, 2021, available at https://static1.squarespace.com/
static/5b2586e41aef1d89f00c60a9/t/5f3ef256f2a2f3141e0b3024/1597960839069/YOUTH+INNOVATION+CONTEST+2021.pdf
27 MGCY, Youth4Migration website, available at https://www.unmgcy.org/youth4migration
26 27TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART I :Talent is universal, but opportunities are not
PORTRAIT #7:
The African Coding
Alejandro Daly Network: women in
tech
The World Economic Forum estimates that 15 to
20 million increasingly well-educated young people
will join the African workforce every year for the
next two decades.28 Sub-Saharan Africa is already degree in Natural Resources Management at the
home to 13 per cent of the world’s working age Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
population, a number that is set to increase to more Soon I will graduate and hopefully my career will
than 17 per cent by 2030,29 exacerbating the skills have a better chance at progressing.
gap and placing even greater pressure on an already
saturated job market. In a foreign country, language is a big obstacle.
I was able to find a community that encouraged
To address Africa's tech skills gap and growing me to learn a new language and I am proud to say
inequality, the African Coding Network supports that it has helped me integrate better with the
marginalized African youth to select quality learning- Norwegian population and appreciate their culture.”
to-earning pathways, to train in high-demand
digital skills, and to accelerate their careers in
“Where is home?” Alejandro's dream is to shape Summit, where he was awarded first place in the tech. In partnership with UNICEF, Yoma and other Temitope Obasa
a world where the answer to that question is Youth Leadership and Innovation Award, in the partners, the African Coding Network opened its Nigerian migrant living in the Netherlands
“everywhere” category ‘Shaping Public Narratives on Migration’, programmes to high potential youth on the move,
organized by the Migration, Youth and Children identified through recent youth challenges such as
Alejandro is the Director of El Derecho a No Platform of the Major Group for Children and Youth, the #ReimagineYourFuture or Better Together Africa
Obedecer, a platform of Corporación Otraparte with the support of IOM, UNICEF, Switzerland and programmes offered on Yoma.
that proposes, develops and accompanies citizen the United Arab Emirates.
advocacy processes to achieve greater impacts in Some of the young women who joined the women
Colombia. Currently, he is working to promote the in tech challenge have themselves left their home
integration of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in countries in search of better opportunities:
Latin America, impacting more than 115,000 people
through artistic and cultural productions, public Stephanie Ojee
conversations and social media. A young migrant woman from Kenya, now living in
Norway.
He is co-director of the Xenophobia Barometer, Although I finished my studies some months
the first platform to analyse the narratives around "Leaving my home country was a bold step in my ago, I am still walking the unemployment path
Venezuelan migrants and refugees in social media search of better quality of education. I had recently and remain hopeful. I spend each day exploring
with the objective to positively transform them. The completed my undergrad and was baffled by my city and nearby cities, while sending out
aim is to tackle the negative language that provokes the constant requirement for advanced degrees applications and taking online courses. I think that
the spread of hate speech towards migrants and for entry level jobs, so I applied for a master's maintaining a level head and keeping hope alive
refugees, and to build a system to inform key
stakeholders that can provide support and mitigate
28 World Economic Forum (WEF), 2019, Why the skills gap remains wider in Africa, available at
risks. Alejandro’s work with the Xenophobia https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/why-the-skills-gap-remains-wider-in-africa/
Barometer was recognized in the 2021 GFMD 29 WEF, 2017, The future of jobs and skills in Africa – preparing the region for the fourth industrial revolution, p.1, available at http://www3.
weforum.org/docs/WEF_EGW_FOJ_Africa.pdf
28 29TALENT ON THE MOVE: LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE MOVE TO UNLOCK THEIR POTENTIAL PART II: Listening to young people on the move
is vital to accomplishing my goals. I have faced a
couple of challenges since I moved abroad but I PART II:
Listening to young people
think the biggest one has been loneliness. Being
so far from home, living in a country with a very
different culture, language and social norms can
take its toll on your mental health. To combat this,
I acknowledged that I was lonely and began to on the move
connect with other internationals in my school and
city. Soon enough I found my tribe!
To give back, I opened a YouTube channel where
I share tips on studying in the Netherlands. I also and I was successfully admitted into the Pan Young migrant and displaced people know their ready to seize every opportunity they can to voice
offer free one-on-one consultation services for African University in Kenya, to study for an MSc in needs better than anyone. Their hopes, priorities and their opinion. More than 80 per cent of migrant
Nigerians seeking to move to the Netherlands for telecommunications. The determination to move ideas are essential for shaping better learning-to- and displaced youth expressed they could
study. forward and to go further has always been my earning solutions that support their communities to contribute to their communities very well
greatest motivation. Hence, I work very hard. thrive. To tap into their potential – and to both design (59 per cent) or somewhat well (29 per cent).
Paule Kevin Nembou Kouonchie and scale the right solutions – we need to listen to Despite their challenges, they have confidence in
25-year-old Cameroonian refugee living in Kenya. I come from a French-speaking region in Cameroon. young people on the move, amplify their voices, and their capacity to contribute positively to the lives of
Studying in English has not been easy. When provide opportunities to co-create better solutions to the people around them.
I hold a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in beginning lectures here, we were given one month meet their needs.
Telecommunication Engineering. One of my dreams of intensive English language classes which helped The willingness and conviction of young people
has always been to continue my studies up to the me in my studies. Also, in Kenya, they speak mostly Promoting and recognizing the strengths, interests on the move to speak out and spearhead change
Ph.D. level. Kiswahili and this makes communication with and abilities of youth on the move – including the in their communities is a call on governments and
people difficult. most marginalized – to shape their own destiny and partners to create an enabling environment for
My parents did not have enough money to contribute to their communities is critical for building their meaningful participation and engagement.
support me, so I began looking for scholarships resilience, improving mental health and promoting It highlights the need to systematically include
social inclusion.30 Inclusive youth participation in young people in the design of learning-to-earning
policy-making spaces – including interactions with opportunities and to invest in capacity-building of
governments, civil society, and other stakeholders young people themselves.
– can help young people on the move influence,
create alliances, and shape the future they aspire This level of confidence and the opportunities to
to. Further, many young people are already experts speak out are not within reach for all – particularly
and leaders in their fields, creating businesses, for the most vulnerable. For example, IDP youth
designing innovative solutions and inspiring positive who were consulted by UNICEF and the Migration,
change. Youth and Children Platform of the Major Group
for Children and Youth in Syria, Burkina Faso,
While many children and youth on the move Cameroon, Colombia and Somalia – many of whom
remain voiceless without means or opportunity had limited access to the internet – felt they had no
to express their views and needs, those who way to communicate their concerns. More than 90
participated in the poll told a very different story. per cent of IDP youth consulted wanted to actively
With all respondents having at least limited access participate in decision-making processes but felt
to connectivity and a mobile phone, those who unable to do so.31
participated in the poll feel empowered and are
30 UNICEF, Technical Note – Adolescent Empowerment, p.5, available at https://www.unicef.org/media/101901/file/Adolescent%20
Empowerment%20Technical%20Note.pdf
31 UNICEF and MGCY, 2020, Youth Consultations with Young IDPs and their Host Communities for the High Level Panel on Internal
U-Report, Ghana Displacement. 360 young IDPs and host community members (between 10 and 32 years) across six countries participated.
30 31You can also read
