The Trinity Reporter CELEBRATING CINESTUDIO - The student-founded movie theater marks 50 years on campus
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The
Trinity CELEBRATING
Reporter C I N E ST U D I O
The student-founded
movie theater marks
WINTER 2020
50 years on campus
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
Women at the Summit:
50 Years of Coeducation
at Trinity College
C O N T E N T S
F E A T U R E S
10
Women at the Summit:
50 Years of Coeducation
at Trinity College
Advocates
for equality
These alumni work to
empower women
16
Celebrating
Cinestudio
The student-founded movie theater
marks 50 years on campus
22
Breakthroughs
in treating
genetic illnesses
D. Holmes Morton, M.D., IDP’79
dedicates career to Amish,
Mennonite children
26
From student to
staff member
Young alumni pay it forward as
Trinity employees
31
We are the
Class of 2023
Catching up with six members of
Trinity’s Bicentennial Class
38
The campaign for
Trinity athletics
Fundraising effort ‘will impact
every student and team’
ON THE COVER
A new, color-changing neon sign
welcomes patrons to Cinestudio,
the on-campus independent
movie theater celebrating its 50th
anniversary this year.
P H OTO : H E L D E R M I R A
D E P A R T M E N T S
03
ALONG THE WALK
06
VOLUNTEER SPOTLIGHT
07
AROUND HARTFORD
08
TRINITY TREASURE
43
CLASS NOTES
74
IN MEMORY
78
ALUMNI EVENTS
80
ENDNOTE
T H E T R I N I T Y
R E P O RT E R
Vol. 50, No. 2, Winter 2020
Published by the Office of Communications,
Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106.
Postage paid at Hartford, Connecticut, and
additional mailing offices. The Trinity Reporter
is mailed to alumni, parents, faculty, staff,
and friends of Trinity College without charge.
All publication rights reserved, and contents
may be reproduced or reprinted only by
written permission of the editor. Opinions
expressed are those of the editor or
contributors and do not reflect the official
position of Trinity College.
Postmaster: Send address changes to
The Trinity Reporter, Trinity College,
300 Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106
The editor welcomes your questions
and comments: Sonya Adams,
Office of Communications, Trinity College,
300 Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106,
sonya.adams@trincoll.edu, or 860-297-2143.
www.trincoll.edu
ON THIS PAGE
Acclaimed concert organist Christopher
Houlihan ’09, right, John Rose College
Organist-and-Directorship Distinguished
Chair of Chapel Music, performs in the Trinity
College Chapel with the Hartford Symphony
Orchestra during the opening concert of
the 2019 Albert Schweitzer Organ Festival
Hartford in September 2019.
P H OTO : J O H N WOI K E
/ Fall 2014 / 3
LE T T E R S
WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU!
The Trinity Reporter welcomes letters related to items published in recent
issues. Please send remarks to the editor at sonya.adams@trincoll.edu
or Sonya Adams, Office of Communications, Trinity College, 300 Summit
Street, Hartford, CT 06106.
MAKING PURPOSEFUL ADMIRATION FOR ALUMNUS
BANTAM CONNECTIONS My name is Meaghan Race [’18, M’19].
So excited to read about Joe Catrino’s Still strange to think I’m an alumna
groundbreaking work transforming since I’m not too far removed from my
Trinity’s Career Development Center time at Trinity. I read the article on
(“That Next Step,” spring 2019). Dr. Eric Manheimer in The Reporter
Especially impressed with his inte- (“Sharing Patients’ Stories,” fall 2019)
gration of design thinking from the and to be frank was overjoyed and Excellence. It was a most interesting set
powerful Designing Your Life program impressed to have attended the same of discussions as the realities of going
out of Stanford University. Helping college as an individual I have such coed unfolded. I was particularly fond
students develop the tools to find more admiration for. I am currently work- of and respected President Lockwood’s
meaningful connections between their ing in N.Y.C. at Mount Sinai Hospital leadership not only in guiding the
near-term studies and their career while I apply for medical school, and board to the decision but also the tran-
path is one way Trinity is setting itself I was unaware that I had a connection sitional controversies that followed.
apart. This methodology resonates with Dr. Manheimer. … I simply want to I had planned to attend the celebra-
with us alumni as well. As secretary for reach out to thank him. It might sound tion that occurred in San Francisco
the Class of 1982, I have been hearing a little corny, but his philosophy on last year marking the start of the many
fascinating updates from classmates medicine has played a huge part in events. Unfortunately, I was ill and
exploring late-stage career transi- my journey toward pursuing this could not get there. The events planned
tions. Whether prompted by personal career path. for the Women at the Summit program
passions or triggered by forces beyond Meaghan Race ’18, M’19 this next month sound intriguing and
their control, these alumni are forg- New York, New York appropriate. Alas, all are on the East
ing new pathways. As someone who Coast, so I won’t be able to join but will
has navigated a few career evolutions AT THE TABLE WHEN hope to see the streamed version.
myself, I have come to appreciate the TRINITY WENT COED Marv Peterson ’60
help that a supportive circle provides— I may be one of the only living members Aptos, California
especially the connections within our of the Board of Trustees at the time this
Trinity Bantam Network. The Designing transition [to coeducation] occurred.
Your Life program is a refreshing and Perhaps the only living one! I was an MORE WAYS TO CONNECT:
illuminating approach. So grateful alumni trustee from 1969 to 1975 in the
facebook.com/
Trinity has such an energizing leader period when the transition was taking
TrinityCollege
paving the way to help our students place. Interestingly, although I was
and alumni forge more purposeful con- already nine years out of Trinity (Class
nections going forward. of 1960), I was probably 20–25 years twitter.com/
TrinityCollege
Thank you for another fascinating younger than the rest of the trustees.
feature article. I had previously been president of the
Ellin Carpenter Smith ’82 Boston Trinity Alumni Club and later instagram.com/
Windsor, Connecticut received the Trinity Alumni Medal for TrinityCollege
2 THE TRINITY REPORTER
ALONG THE WALK News from the Trinity community
Senator speaks
on gun reform
The Trinity College Democrats welcomed
U.S. Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) and Igor
Volsky, founder and executive director of
Guns Down America, to a Gun Violence
Prevention Forum on October 4, 2019, in
McCook Auditorium.
Murphy, author of The Violence Inside
Us, a book about the history of violence
in the United States that was set to be
published in January, discussed the role
he has played in the gun reform move-
ment and answered questions on the
issue of gun violence in America today.
“We need to realize that gun violence
is on the radar of politicians, and the
Democrats are doing everything in their
power to implement strict background
checks,” he said.
Volsky, whose tweets highlighting the
amount of money politicians received
from the National Rifle Association (NRA)
went viral in 2016 and served as a cata-
lyst for his larger gun reform movement,
emphasized the difference between action
and surface-level empathy exercised by
politicians. “Lawmakers are quick to send
thoughts and prayers after a shooting,
but these lawmakers are the ones taking
money from the NRA,” Volsky said. Guns
Down America, which aims to move the
country toward a future with fewer guns,
focuses on driving corporate-based cam-
paigns to encourage corporations, such as
Walmart, to end sales of assault weapons
and to advocate for gun reform.
Visiting Assistant Professor of Political
Science Thomas X. Lefebvre expressed
appreciation for both speakers’ input.
“Volsky’s creative campaign tactics bring
a breath of fresh air and optimism to the
gun control conversation, which, for far
too long, has seemed hopeless in this
country,” Lefebvre said. “It was also a
rare opportunity for students to listen and
exchange with Senator Murphy, one of the
loudest voices nationally on the topic.”
P H OTO : N IC K C A I TO
A LON G T H E WAL K
Brownell
THOMAS CHURCH U P DAT E
The Digital Health CT
Prıze
Digital Health CT, the new digital health (or med-
for TEACHING tech) accelerator run by Startupbootcamp, recently
announced its inaugural cohort in Hartford. The 10
EXCELLENCE chosen start-ups exhibit a diverse range of health
care technologies, including artificial intelligence
(AI), process automation, personalized medicine,
Calling on Trinity alumni to honor the and virtual health.
The teams, selected from hundreds of start-ups by
professors who made an impact on their lives a selection committee that included Trinity President
Joanne Berger-Sweeney, relocated to Hartford in
Did you have a teacher who changed the way you think? Influenced November for the three-month accelerator program,
your career choices? Helped you to wake up intellectually? If so, you which gave them the sup-
have a wonderful chance to pay tribute to that teacher. The Thomas port, resources, and industry
Church Brownell Prize for Teaching Excellence, which recognizes con- and investor connections
sistently outstanding teaching by a senior faculty member, is awarded they need to help grow their
annually at Honors Day. All alumni are invited to submit nominations businesses. Along with sup-
port from Startupbootcamp,
explaining in 200 to 300 words why they believe a favorite professor
the teams gained access to
deserves this prestigious award. Nominations should be sent to Sylvia
an extensive range of part-
DeMore via email (sylvia.demore@trincoll.edu) or postal mail (Office ners, mentors, and investors
of the Dean of the Faculty, Williams Memorial 118, Trinity College, 300 from across the accelerator’s
If you have questions
Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106). The nomination dead- global network.
about the Brownell line is Friday, March 6, 2020. For the inaugural year of
Prize, please direct
them to Sylvia DeMore,
Associate professors, full professors, senior lecturers, and the Digital Health CT accel-
special assistant to the principal lecturers who have been at the college for at least eration program, the start-
dean of the faculty, at three years, will not retire prior to June 30, 2020, and have ups will work closely with
sylvia.demore@ Digital Health CT’s partners—
trincoll.edu. not previously received the Brownell Prize are eligible. A
Hartford HealthCare, Trinity
complete list of eligible faculty, as well as a roster of previ-
College, and the UConn
ous winners, appears online at commons.trincoll.edu/Reporter.
The Brownell Prize was made possible by a gift from the late Paul H. ↗ School of Business—and will
For more about the 10 start-ups— be housed at Trinity’s down-
Briger ’61, P’87. Robert Stewart (mathematics) was the first recipient, CompanionMx, Ellipsis, Clearstep, town space at Constitution
and Adrienne Fulco (legal and policy studies) was the 2019 honoree. Encapsulate, MDI Health, QR
Fertile, BrainCheck, Lineus Medical, Plaza, where the college’s
DeepScribe, and Aiva—please visit Liberal Arts Action Lab also
commons.trincoll.edu/Reporter. is located.
“The digital health domain
O N E S M A L L ST E P DI A LO G U E S O N L I N E is exploding with opportunity right now, and I feel
Recordings from the fall 2018 visit to Trinity College by One Small Step, a confident that we are positioned to support serious
national StoryCorps project that brings together Americans with differing entrepreneurs in hitting the market fast and hard,”
political views, are available online at commons.trincoll.edu/Reporter. said Gerry Roston, managing director of Digital
Trinity was the first college to partner with StoryCorps on this ini- Health CT. Sonia Cardenas, interim dean of the fac-
tiative aimed at listening and finding common ground. One Small Step ulty and vice president for academic affairs, noted
discussions follow the usual StoryCorps format—two people, 40 minutes, that the accelerator “will provide cutting-edge oppor-
P H OTO S : ( L E F T ) K E L LY A N N O L E K S I W M ’ 15; ( R IG H T ) J AC K M C CO N N E L L
and a facilitator to help guide the conversation. But the tunities for our students, exposing them firsthand to
twist is that One Small Step conversations take place the world of start-ups.”
between individuals who have not met before and who
hold opposing political views.
The One Small Step project is supported by a $1 mil-
lion grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Founded in CORRECTIONS
Due to a data maintenance issue, an obituary
2003, StoryCorps has recorded more than 75,000 facil- for Thomas O. Mitchell ’66 ran in error in the
itated interviews with more than 150,000 participants “In Memory” section of the fall 2019 issue of
around the country. With the permission of participants, full discussions The Trinity Reporter. He is not deceased.
Xiangming Chen’s first name was
from the college’s event are archived at Trinity’s Watkinson Library and misspelled in the “Positively Pivotal” feature
become part of the national StoryCorps Archive, housed at the American in the printed edition of the spring 2019 issue
Folklife Center at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Segments of The Trinity Reporter.
We regret these errors.
also may air nationally on NPR’s Morning Edition.
4 THE TRINITY REPORTER
ALON G THE WAL K
NSF awards
for faculty
Two Trinity College professors recently
received funding from the National
Science Foundation (NSF) to support
their scholarship.
Assistant Professor of Mathematics Lina Ma was awarded
a $100,000 grant from the NSF to support her indepen-
dent research and her collaboration with colleagues in the
field of computational mathematics. Assistant Professor
of Psychology Michael A. Grubb spent the summer of
2019 on a three-month visiting researcher appointment WO M E N L E A D E R S
Connecticut journalist Sarah Cody ’95 moderates “Women in
at Yale School of Medicine funded by an NSF Research
Leadership: A Conversation with President Joanne Berger-Sweeney
Opportunity Award (ROA). and Board Chair Cornie Thornburgh ’80” on October 17, 2019.
Ma’s project, “Consistent Multi-Scale Treatments of Ion The event, held in Mather Hall’s Washington Room, was part of
Transport in Biological Environments,” is a mathemati- the three-semester celebration of Women at the Summit: 50 Years
cal pursuit that can be applied to biology. Ma will study of Coeducation at Trinity College.
diffusion, ion transport, and heat flow, which occurs in
various ion channels throughout the human body. The ↗ To view a recording of this event, please visit commons.trincoll.edu/Reporter.
abnormal behavior of ion channels can contrib-
ute to health concerns, including Type 2 diabetes
or adverse reactions from contact with poison-
ous puffer fish.
The biggest challenge, Ma said, is that biolog-
ical processes, which usually happen in micro- W E L C O M I N G N E W U . S. C I T I Z E N S
seconds, can sometimes be controlled by a few
atoms. Using traditional differential equation
systems to represent the processes may lose too “On our Trinity campus of 2,200
many details. However, she added, modeling
things on the particle level and showing tremen-
undergraduates, we celebrate the
dous detail, such as protons and atoms, can have fact that our student body is more
a high computational cost. Ma’s work will be
directed toward developing a method that can international than it has ever been,
Top to bottom:
Ma and Grubb
bridge the macro and micro scales.
Grubb partnered with Yale Associate Professor
with students from 76 foreign
of Comparative Medicine and of Neuroscience Ifat Levy, countries. I tell our students all
the principal investigator of the NSF grant being sup-
plemented as part of the ROA, “Decision-making under
the time that our diversity is our
uncertainty across the lifespan: Cognitive, motivational, strength. I believe that’s true on
and neural bases.” Grubb’s research contributed the larger
goals of Levy’s grant, which aims to understand age- our campus, and I know it’s true
related changes in learning and decision-making.
Building on a project started in his lab at Trinity, Grubb’s
of America as well.”
P H OTO : ( R IG H T ) S H A N A S U R E C K
research with Levy addressed new questions concerning
the impact of selective attention on reward learning and Trinity College President Joanne Berger-Sweeney, Keynote Speaker
decision-making. Grubb’s role in this study was particu- Hartford Symphony Orchestra’s Third Annual Naturalization Ceremony
larly significant given the special opportunity for collabo- The Bushnell Center for the Performing Arts, October 12, 2019
ration between institutions like Trinity and Yale provided
by the NSF.
W I N T E R 2020 5
A LON G T H E WAL K
VO LU N TE E R S P OT L IG HT
BY C AT H E R I N E S H E N
Diane ‘Dede’ DePatie Consoli ’88, P’19, ’22
Growing up in a multigenerational Trinity family, it was nat-
ural for Diane “Dede” DePatie Consoli ’88, P’19, ’22 to stay
“I feel very connected to my
involved with her alma mater. “Trinity has always been very father through my fundraising
important to my family. I basically grew up on campus,” she
says with a laugh. “The experience was more than just getting for Trinity as that was his focus
an education. It was about making connections and creating
lifelong friendships, which began with her service through
through his years as a trustee of
Tri Delta sorority, now known as the Ivy Society. the college. It’s my pleasure to
The strong Trinity family legacy started with her father,
Thomas DePatie ’52, a former trustee of the college, followed continue that legacy for him.”
by brother-in-law Robert Buffum Jr. ’77 and cousin Peter
DePatie ’85. She married Victor Consoli ’87, and they are volunteer, an alumni interviewer, and an Elms Society ambas-
Trinity parents to two daughters, Olivia ’19 and Grace ’22. sador. She currently serves as her class president, as a class
For the first 15 years after her own graduation, Consoli, agent, and as a member of the Board of Fellows, the Women’s
armed with a degree in economics, embarked on a career in Leadership Council, and the Parents Leadership Council.
the garment industry, working retail and wholesale with She particularly enjoys being on the Parents Leadership
companies including Saks Fifth Avenue and Lord & Taylor Council because of the relationships formed among parents,
in New York and eventually running the women’s division of students, and the college. “It’s important for families to know
Nautica Sportswear. Over time, she launched her own busi- that we’re here for them, too,” says Consoli. “Being on the
ness, Boxtree Interiors, serving a variety of residential and council is especially gratifying because I facilitate new families
commercial clients. She also volunteers as a manager of mer- becoming connected with the college. Creating a welcoming
chandise sales for her summer community of Quonochontaug, environment for them will help them see the work we do and
Rhode Island, where she once served as town clerk. hopefully encourage them to become involved. The more new
Since becoming a stay-at-home mom, Consoli says, her flex- parents are involved, the better work we can do.”
ible schedule has allowed her to get more involved with com- Consoli says that philanthropy was a large part of her
mittee work at Trinity. Throughout the years, she has served on upbringing, and she continues to value that philosophy. “I’ve
the Trinity College Alumni Association Executive Committee been a donor to the college for a lifetime, and I can’t imagine
and the Social Reform Charter Committee and as a member not helping our school,” she says. “When I saw there were
of the Long Walk Societies. She has been an admissions specific improvements needed, that really spurred me on to
become more involved. I love being the person who connects
everyone and shows them what a wonderful place Trinity is.
“It is gratifying to be the one who connects a new family
with a passion to a need we have at the college,” she contin-
ues. “Most people donate to specific things that resonate with
them, and Trinity has so many specific needs right now that
it is all about [matching] the right people to the fundraising
efforts for that need. I feel very connected to my father through
my fundraising for Trinity as that was his focus through his
years as a trustee of the college. It’s my pleasure to continue
that legacy for him.”
Kerry Smith, Trinity’s director of family giving, says Consoli
plays an important role in creating a warm and friendly envi-
ronment for parents. “She’s a valuable asset to the college
through her ability to welcome and connect parents to one
another,” says Smith. “Her advocacy and dedication to help
Dede DePatie Consoli ’88, P’19, ’22, second from right, with husband Victor Consoli Trinity become the best that it can be is an embodiment of all
’87, P’19, ’22 and daughters Olivia ’19 and Grace ’22 we desire in a volunteer. We’re very fortunate to have her.”
6 THE TRINITY REPORTER
A ROUND H A RTFORD ALON G THE WAL K
HartBeat Ensemble, founded in 2001, is an artist-led professional
theater company in Hartford dedicated to creating provoca-
tive offerings that build community partnerships. Housed in the
Carriage House Theater, HartBeat engages with the local area
through programming that includes commissions, pop-up perfor-
mances, and community conversations, the latter involving the
organization’s partnership with a civic or social group to spark
dialogue on a particular topic. HartBeat collaborates with more
than 50 community organizations as it trains young adults to
create their own work, making the theater an incubator for
developing individual passions. HartBeat also hosts education
programs such as Startin’ Drama, which provides conflict resolu-
tion workshops for a positive school climate, and the Youth Play
Institute, which offers paid internships in play creation.
↗
For more information on
HartBeat Ensemble and its
many programs, please
visit commons.trincoll.
edu/Reporter.
H A RT B E AT E N S E M B L E
360 FA R M I N GTO N AV E N U E
H A RT F O R D, C T
P H OTO : R AY D. S H AW P H OTO G R A P H Y
W I N T E R 2020 7
A LON G T H E WAL K
WGRAC Director Laura
Lockwood M’95, right, T R INIT Y T R E AS U R E
and WGRAC Training and
Program Coordinator
WGRAC
Monique Daley, second
from left, chat with
Shaylee Boger ’23 and
Posse Scholar Diante’
Dancy ’21 in the WGRAC
Lounge and Library.
EDITOR’S NOTE “Trinity The Women & Gender Resource Action Center (WGRAC)—founded in 1977 as the Women’s Center at Trinity
Treasure” highlights a College—is a welcoming space on campus that provides education, builds community, and promotes empower-
person, place, or thing
on campus that is just ment of students with a focus on woman-identified students. Part of the Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion,
what the name implies: along with the Office of Multicultural Affairs and the Queer Resource Center (QRC), WGRAC accomplishes its
a Trinity treasure. Do you mission through educational, social, and cultural programming and dialogue. Annual events that create respect-
have an idea for what to
showcase? Please send ful interaction among people of all genders and backgrounds include Take Back the Night, Breaking the Binary
your suggestions to Photo Shoot and Open Mic, Walk a Mile in Her Shoes, and The Vagina Monologues. WGRAC, led by Laura Lockwood
sonya.adams@trincoll.edu. M’95 and Monique Daley, supports five student-led organizations: the Big Sister-Little Sister program; Students
Encouraging Consensual Sex (SECS); Promoting Healthy Awareness of the Body (PHAB); the Masculinity Project;
and IGNITE, a leadership-development and empowerment group for women-identified students. WGRAC also
↗ provides required sexual misconduct education and prevention training for sophomores and oversees the cam-
P H OTO : S A R A H M CCOY
For more information puswide Green Dot violence-prevention strategy; the Sexual Assault Resource Team (SART); and first-year orien-
about WGRAC, please visit tation programs on Title IX rights, resources, and reporting options. “WGRAC has been a safe haven for me,” says
commons.trincoll.edu/
Reporter.
Jaymie Bianca ’21, who co-founded IGNITE with Sarah Donahue ’20. “It has been a space where I can voice my
opinions and be heard. I found my passion for advocacy and activism here.”
8 THE TRINITY REPORTERALON G THE WAL K
Mellon grant
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has awarded Trinity
College a grant of $114,000 to support the planning of a con-
vening of women of color (WOC) leaders in higher education
and other sectors. The funding will be used over approxi-
mately 16 months, culminating in a meeting of WOC leaders
expected to take place in January 2021.
Inspired by the Mellon Foundation meeting for Women
of Color Presidents in Higher Education in 2017, Trinity
President Joanne Berger-Sweeney; Johnnetta Cole, presi-
dent emerita of Spelman and Bennett Colleges; and Mariko
Silver, former president of Bennington College and current
president and CEO of the Henry Luce Foundation, became R E C E N T P U B L I C AT I O N S
convinced that to connect and create more leadership oppor-
tunities for WOC in higher education, it is important to reach The Promise of the Suburbs: Daily Life in the Industrial
beyond higher education for lessons learned and for inspira- A Victorian History in United States, 1870–1900
tion. Berger-Sweeney is serving as the principal investigator Literature and Culture Julie Husband and Jim O’Loughlin ’88,
for the project. Sarah Bilston, Professor of English; P’20; ABC-CLOI, LLC, 2019; 289 pages
Yale University Press, 2019; 282 pages
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, Kurt Vonnegut Remembered
female students of color received 32.9 percent of undergradu- The Future of Catholicism Edited by Jim O’Loughlin ’88, P’20
ate degrees awarded in 2015–16, but only 5 percent of all col- in America The University of Alabama Press, 2019;
Edited by Patricia O’Connell Killen 242 pages
lege and university presidents and chancellors are women of and Mark Silk, Director, Leonard E.
color. The grant will be used to collect and analyze existing Greenberg Center for the Study of Why Will No One Play with
research about the representation of WOC leaders in various Religion in Public Life and Professor Me? The Play Better Plan
industries and study why there is a disproportionately low of Religion in Public Life; Columbia to Help Children of All Ages
University Press, 2019; 368 pages Make Friends and Thrive
representation of WOC in academic leadership, while devel- Caroline Maguire ’97, with Teresa
oping ideas to identify and encourage WOC leaders who will The Future of Mainline Barker; Grand Central Publishing,
create change in academia. Protestantism in America 2019; 355 pages
Edited by James Hudnut-Beumler
and Mark Silk, Director, Leonard E. Burn the Ice:
The work produced by this grant Greenberg Center for the Study of
Religion in Public Life and Professor
The American Culinary
Revolution and Its End
has the potential to generate of Religion in Public Life; Columbia
University Press, 2018; 228 pages
Kevin Alexander ’03; Penguin Press,
2019; 371 pages
opportunities to develop a Turning Tides: A Frog Hollow Childhood:
unique, cross-disciplinary Caribbean Intersections in
the Americas and Beyond
A Memoir of Hartford
Lynn Davis M’85; Page Publishing,
mentoring network for the future. Edited by Heather Cateau and Milla
Cozart Riggio, James J. Goodwin
2019; 168 pages
Professor of English, Emerita; Ian
Randle Publishers, 2019; 344 pages If you have a recent book, CD, or
The project aims to meet an unmet need, as no existing video that you would like listed in
organizations provide a network to connect WOC in top- Bob Steele on the Radio: The Trinity Reporter, please submit a
level positions across sectors. While a handful focus The Life of Connecticut’s copy to Sonya Adams, Office of
on training, mentoring, and preparing WOC for leader- Beloved Broadcaster Communications, Trinity College, 300
Paul Hensler M’08; McFarland & Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106.
ship positions, these organizations often focus on empow- Company, Inc., Publishers, 2019; Questions? Email sonya.adams@
ering WOC in a specific sector. The work produced by 186 pages trincoll.edu.
this grant has the potential to generate opportunities
to develop a unique, cross-disciplinary mentoring network
for the future. Other potential benefits of the project include
the creation of a list of best practices for mentoring WOC
P H OTO : J O H N ATA S H I A N
leaders and the forging of connections between WOC in The convening participants will include approximately 50
academia, who are teaching talented students, and WOC WOC who are presidents in higher education and leaders in
in other sectors, who are able to offer jobs to those students other sectors, including government, nonprofit, arts and cul-
upon graduation. ture, and media.
W I N T E R 2020 950
Women at the Summit
YEARS OF COEDUCATION
ADVOCATES
AT TRINITY COLLEGE
FOR EQUALITY
These alumni work to empower women
BY M AU R A K I N G S C U L LY • I L LU ST R AT I O N S BY J O E L K I M M E L
How do you measure the impact of coeducation at Trinity College? You
could look at the facts: Trinity has 11,844 female graduates, constitut-
ing a full 42 percent of living alumni. You could consider the difference
coeducation has made on all graduates—no matter the gender—who
have traversed the Long Walk over the last 50 years. Or you could, as
we do in this issue of The Trinity Reporter, take a slightly different tack,
looking at a small sampling of graduates who are working in the wom-
en’s empowerment space.
Some focus their efforts on a specific industry or city; others pursue a
broader agenda on the global stage. No matter their bailiwick, one and
all demonstrate the power of a Trinity education as espoused in the col-
lege’s mission statement, that it prepares bold, independent thinkers
who lead transformative lives. In the case of these nine graduates, their
transformative lives are proving to be game changing worldwide.
10 THE TRINITY REPORTERDONNA HAGHIGHAT ’89
CEO, Women’s Fund of Western Massachusetts;
Springfield, Massachusetts
The daughter of Iranian immigrants, “I never took edu-
cation for granted,” Donna Haghighat explains. Her
mother, Parvaneh, was married at 16, at which time
Haghighat’s grandfather insisted she drop out of high
school. Thanks to her persistence (and with help from
her mother), Parvaneh finished high school and went
on to complete college in the United States while rais-
ing four children. Inspired by her example, Haghighat
now leads the Women’s Fund of Western Massachusetts,
where she strives to elevate local women to take charge.
The Women’s Fund does this through fundraising for two
initiatives: grant making to area organizations that share
the Women’s Fund’s vision and training women through
its Leadership Institute for Political and Public Impact
(LIPPI). To date, more than 250 women have completed
LIPPI training, and 3 million women and families have
been impacted through its grants. “I love making connec-
tions with people who share my passion for advancing
women and girls,” she notes.
CHARLOTTE (FOUCH) FOX ’06
Director of Communications, International Women’s
Media Foundation (IWMF); Washington, D.C.
A tireless advocate of gender equity with a lifelong pas-
sion for the news, Charlotte (Fouch) Fox notes that she
is “supremely happy” to have landed at IWMF. “My pro-
fessional work is now my life’s work, which is incredi-
bly validating,” she says. The IWMF is an organization
that breaks barriers for women journalists, transforming
global news media. The IWMF’s fellowship and grant
programs support women in media—both freelance and
staff journalists—helping them become experts in report-
ing in underserved regions, generate must-read stories,
and bring critical issues affecting women and others to
light. The organization is the sole provider of safety train-
ing, byline opportunities, and emergency support tai-
lored to female journalists and photographers around the
world. In addition to working directly with journalists,
the IWMF studies why journalism remains dominated by
men and advocates for inclusive practices that help pro-
pel women and minorities into leadership roles.
W I N T E R 2020 11ADVOCATES
FOR EQUALITY
MARY KATE MORR ’12
Volunteer Coordinator, Rocky Mountain MicroFinance
Institute (RMMFI); Denver, Colorado
Growing up in Denver, Mary Kate Morr watched the gen-
trification of the Mile High City unfold around her. After
earning a master’s degree in social work, Morr decided
she “wanted to work in a place where I was pushing back
on that gentrification.” Enter RMMFI, an organization
that helps people with an idea transform into serious
entrepreneurs through personal, business, and financial
investments. Through its 12-week business boot camp
and mentorship program for under-resourced entre-
preneurs, RMMFI builds community wealth by reimag-
ining social and economic inclusion. Start-ups run the
gamut from products like candles and soaps, to services
like cleaning, as well as graphic design and food carts.
“Part of our mission is to build up female business own-
ers along with entrepreneurs of color,” says Morr, who
recruits mentors for RMMFI. “Our entrepreneurs are
diverse in every sense of the word, and part of my role
is to build a pool of mentors with shared life experience
reflecting that diversity.”
CHRISTINE QUINN ’88
President and CEO, Women in Need (WIN);
New York, New York
What do you do after you’ve served as speaker of the New
York City Council—the first woman and openly LGBT
person to hold the position? Four years ago, Christine
Quinn grappled with that question and decided she
wanted to keep doing advocacy work for issues she cared
about. WIN, the largest provider of shelter and services
to women and families in New York City—with 11 shelters
and more than 300 supportive housing units across the
city—checked all of her boxes. WIN’s vision is to break
the cycle of homelessness by providing safe housing and
critical services to help homeless women and their chil-
dren rebuild their lives. “Homelessness is the significant
crisis of our time,” Quinn says. “New York cannot be the
greatest city in the world if 60,000 people have to sleep
on the street every night. Our job is to stand with those
experiencing homelessness and eradicate the underlying
conditions that cause it.”
12 THE TRINITY REPORTER50
Women at the Summit
YEARS OF COEDUCATION
AT TRINITY COLLEGE
VALERIA MCFARREN PIPER ’05
Co-founder, TheSheLab; Charlottesville, Virginia
“It’s amazing what happens when you bring women
together from around the world and are able to form
relationships built on trust and respect.” So says
Valeria McFarren Piper about TheSheLab, a community
of practice and women’s network that is committed to
female empowerment and equality. Born and raised in
Bolivia, Piper started the organization after spending
a decade in Washington, D.C. There, she worked at the
Millennium Challenge Corporation, a U.S. foreign aid
agency, where she oversaw strategic communications
in 24 countries. Piper and a partner tapped into that
global network to form TheSheLab; the 13 members on
the organizing committee hail from countries ranging
from the Dominican Republic to Tanzania. The project
is starting small, hosting monthly TED-type talks—for
women, by women—in Charlottesville, where she and
her co-founder live. “We now have 400 members and
plan to open 10 other chapters in the new year [2020],”
Piper notes. “We are each other’s sounding boards,
thought partners, and support system.”
MELINDA LEONARD REED ’95
Executive Director, Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice
(WIGJ); The Hague, the Netherlands
After graduating with a B.A. in public policy and a mas-
ter’s in international affairs from Columbia University,
Melinda Leonard Reed worked overseas doing humanitar-
ian aid work for many years. She then moved back to the
United States and directed a domestic and sexual violence
shelter in Helena, Montana—a position that she described
as “domestic humanitarian aid work.” When the posi-
tion opened at the WIGJ two years ago, “it was a way to
take my slightly divergent career paths and marry them,”
Reed says. The WIGJ is a nonprofit international women’s
human rights organization that advocates for gender jus-
tice through the International Criminal Court (ICC). It also
is active in individual countries around the world in peace
negotiations and justice processes. The WIGJ works with
victims of sexual violence in conflicts under investigation
by the ICC and collaborates with more than 6,000 grass-
roots partners across multiple armed conflicts. “This work
is profoundly important,” Reed says. “Sexual violence is
the most widely used weapon of war—and it’s perpetrated
with total impunity.”
W I N T E R 2020 13ADVOCATES
FOR EQUALITY
RICK ZEDNÍK ’93
Managing Director, Women Political Leaders (WPL);
Brussels, Belgium
“For millennia, social networks have helped people get
ahead—largely men,” explains Rick Zedník. “At WPL,
we’re making our small contribution to changing that.”
Headquartered in Iceland, WPL’s mission is to increase
both the number and the influence of women in political
leadership. An independent, international, and nonpar-
tisan foundation, WPL bills itself as a global champion
of equality between women and men. It is the only orga-
nization that brings together all female political leaders,
seeking to tackle international challenges by harnessing
their collective power. Through conferences, a summit,
and advocacy, WPL builds communities of knowledge for
thousands of women politicians everywhere: members
of national legislatures, cabinet ministers, and heads of
state and government. In all of its activities, WPL strives
to demonstrate the positive impact of more women in
positions of political leadership. And to Zedník, a fem-
inist “at least since Trinity,” “it’s important to try and
rebalance the equation.”
ZORAIDA LOPEZ-DIAGO ’03
Co-creator, Women Picturing Revolution (WPR);
Beacon, New York
When Zoraida Lopez-Diago was growing up, dinner con-
versations swirled around gender equity, LGBTQ rights,
and similar topics. With her mother heading up affirmative
action for a Connecticut state agency, she says, “I always
knew that I would do something that dealt with shedding
light on issues that are overlooked.” Lopez-Diago, a pho-
tographer, curator, and consultant, has taught photogra-
phy to female inmates at a maximum-security prison in
Medellín, Colombia, lectured about her work at Harvard
University and other institutions, and co-founded Women
Picturing Revolution (WPR), an organization that brings
to the forefront the work of female photographers who
have documented conflicts, crises, and revolution. She
and co-founder Lesly Deschler Canossi lead seminars
and curate discussions in locales including New York and
the United Kingdom. Lopez-Diago also is the co-editor of
Representations of Black Motherhood and Photography, a
book that gives voice to the intersection of photography,
black motherhood, and the ways in which black mothers
have navigated gender, race, and class. This edited collec-
tion is due to be published in 2021 by Leuven University
Press in Belgium and distributed by Cornell Press.
14 THE TRINITY REPORTER50
Women at the Summit
YEARS OF COEDUCATION
AT TRINITY COLLEGE
FINAL THOUGHTS …
Without equal representation of women in
journalism, there is no full story. The journalists
I work to support are truth tellers who fight with
their pens.—CHARLOTTE (FOUCH) FOX ’06
How do you keep empowering women and girls
relative to the wider world? That’s a challenge, and
I like a good challenge.—DONNA HAGHIGHAT ’89
I love spending time with clients. These are some of
the toughest, strongest women you could ever meet.
I find them endlessly inspiring and impressive.
—CHRISTINE QUINN ’88
Entrepreneurs are skewed toward upper-class
white males. We need to tap into the talents outside
that network—in women, people of color, and
working-class individuals—or we’re missing out.
—MARY KATE MORR ’12
I don’t think I understood gender inequality when
I was at Trinity. I felt relatively equal. But the world
isn’t like Trinity.—MELINDA LEONARD REED ’95
DYLLAN MCGEE ’93
Emmy-award winning filmmaker; Waccabuc, New York
At Trinity, I learned the importance of creating
space for conversations and building bridges
between communities. There was power in each
of the communities I was involved in—international
Throughout her career, Dyllan McGee has been dedicated students, minority students, and my sorority.
to telling compelling and immersive stories. But good sto- —VALERIA MCFARREN PIPER ’05
rytelling isn’t enough. It also has to matter. Every proj-
ect McGee has brought to life was born from a vision of a I was fortunate to have studied with faculty including
fairer and more equitable world. With two Emmys to her Brigitte Schultz and Michael Niemann, two professors
credit, she is founder and executive producer of McGee who have had a lasting impact on how I approach
Media, a documentary film company whose recent projects my work and photography endeavors. Seeing Trinity
include Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates Jr. (PBS); professors, such as Johnny Williams and Vijay
Rancher, Farmer, Fisherman (Discovery); and Reconstruction Prashad, fight for social justice continually inspires
(PBS). McGee also is the founder and executive producer me to deepen my photography practice and continue
of MAKERS, a media brand that accelerates the women’s
long-term projects.—ZORAIDA LOPEZ-DIAGO ’03
movement through the stories of real-life experiences.
MAKERS has produced short documentaries on more than
400 groundbreaking women from all walks of life, including
As a senior at Trinity, I was one of five men to
Gloria Steinem, Oprah Winfrey, and one of New York City’s take ‘Women’s Studies 101.’ It was the first time
first female firefighters. MAKERS hosts an annual confer- I experienced being totally outnumbered. It was
ence that brings together more than 500 women for a three- instructive.—RICK ZEDNÍK ’93
day global event, which is subsequently viewed online by
more than 20 million people. If you had asked me at Trinity if I was a feminist,
I would have said ‘no.’ That’s changed. My two
teenage sons have been calling themselves feminists
since they could talk.—DYLLAN MCGEE ’93
W I N T E R 2020 15CELEBRATING Cines 16 THE TRINITY REPORTER
Cinestudio patrons enjoy
a “Moonlight Movies”
screening of the 1986
cult classic Ferris
Bueller’s Day Off.
The student-founded movie theater marks 50 years on campus
ST O RY BY A N D R E W J. C O N C AT E L L I • P H O T O S BY H E L D E R M I R A
tudio W I N T E R 2020 17“I DON’T THINK THEY QUITE
rom across Trinity College’s Main Quad, UNDERSTOOD WHAT WE HAD PLANNED”
a gleaming new sign beckons. Entering an unmarked door in a hallway
of the Clement Chemistry Building, James
Inside, seating in the balcony offers a Hanley ’72 climbs the narrow staircase
up to Cinestudio’s projection booth, as
respite from the busy world. he’s done countless times over the last
The grand golden curtain rises on the 50 years. “We had to take this door off its
hinges to get into the booth for the first
37-by-16-foot screen as the projected image blinks time,” he says.
In 1969, students in the Trinity Film
to life and the film begins to play. Society—of which Hanley and his
This is Cinestudio, the independent movie Cinestudio co-founder Peter McMorris ’73
were both enthusiastic members—had
palace that celebrates its 50th anniversary this secured permission from the Chemistry
Department to show films in the chem-
year. And to its intrepid founders, dedicated stu- istry lab auditorium after finding them-
dent volunteers, and passionate patrons, there’s selves without a screening venue. “I don’t
think they quite understood what we had
no other place like it. planned,” Hanley says with a grin. The
18 THE TRINITY REPORTERLeft: Students meet outside the campus landmark. Right: James Hanley ’72 and Peter McMorris ’73, Cinestudio co-founders and co-executive directors, pose amid the theater’s new seats. problem was, nobody had a key to the booth, which had fallen into disuse. “We went at 2:00 in the morning and got in there. We found two 35mm projec- tors from the 1930s, when the building went up,” Hanley says. “Soon, students were hanging up bedsheets as a tempo- rary screen as we prepared for a theater that would serve both students and the community. At the time, there was such a whirlwind of activity here on campus, and this took on a life of its own.” The first public screening on February 16, 1970, was a double feature of Yellow Submarine and Alice’s Restaurant, for ments while engaging in a historical Hanley adds, “When we first started which the Film Society’s faculty adviser, mission, bringing back older film out, one of our goals was to show films Lawrence “Larry” Stires of the Modern titles, preserving a vital legacy of the in a much better setting than most the- Languages Department, put up $500 past, and showing the films exactly aters, with a high technical quality. Over of his own money to secure the pub- as originally presented to ever-new the years, we’ve been able to not only lic rights. “We sold out every night for audiences—all while staying true to maintain that but enhance it.” a week. We even turned away lots of its independent origins. people,” Hanley says. “We put on a big Hanley and McMorris worked at other “STUDENTS HAVE GOTTEN THEIR picture with really good sound, and we jobs at first and ran Cinestudio unpaid EDUCATION AT CINESTUDIO” always have; it just was the ethos of the for many years. “Everybody was doing Today—in addition to being an art house place. We hit at the right time and the it for the love of it,” Hanley says, “but at cinema open to the public—Cinestudio right place.” a certain point the students and alumni is a part of both the academic and social McMorris adds, “Trinity was going wanted to have a more permanent struc- worlds of the college, with faculty, staff, through huge changes in that time, from ture so they knew Cinestudio would and students all taking advantage of a one kind of college to another. We were continue for future students. The first special facility in the heart of campus. part of that change, part of the new. This stage [around the late ’80s] was to hire “Cinestudio has been the ground on space provided us a venue to express us and Larry Stires—we weren’t being which we’ve built the film program,” ourselves. Even today, if there’s a film paid much—and we provided an ongo- says Associate Professor of English out there that needs to be seen, we will ing presence and leadership.” Interest Prakash Younger, director of Trinity’s show it.” from donors in making tax-deductible Interdisciplinary Program in Film At first, the student-run organization donations directly to Cinestudio, rather Studies and a member of the Cinestudio was met with trepidation by some on than through a fund at Trinity, led to its Board of Directors. “We see film as a lens campus. “There were a few conservative establishment as a nonprofit 501c3 orga- into everything. We include philosophy, faculty members who were uneasy about nization in 2005. political science, and classical studies us,” Hanley says. “We were showing Today, the venue features approxi- courses in our curriculum,” he says. some political things. It wasn’t just enter- mately 450 new seats that were installed Milla C Riggio, James J. Goodwin tainment; we were showing films that in 2018 and is equipped with a legendary Professor of English, Emerita, who were enlightening people. And we did Dolby sound system and state-of-the- helped to create the film studies pro- things that shocked people, like paint- art digital projector, while retaining its gram at Trinity and now serves as sec- ing the lobby red. But [former Trinity 35mm and 70mm film projectors for clas- retary of Cinestudio’s board, taught President] Ted Lockwood [’48, H’81] was sic movie presentations. several film courses that made use of the a great supporter of ours and [former “It’s hard to describe this place,” theater. “I taught ‘Film Noir’ and ‘The Trinity Vice President] Tom Smith [’44, McMorris says. “I learn something new Western Film,’ among other courses. H’88] went to bat for us over our freedom every year. It’s an industry that is chang- James [Hanley] and I taught a first-year of speech.” ing constantly, and to keep this place seminar in Cinestudio, where we held In the ensuing 50 years, Cinestudio going, you have to anticipate those the classes, focusing on films shown at has embraced technological advance- changes and make adjustments.” Cinestudio,” she says. W I N T E R 2020 19
Hanley works the projector, as he has for some
50 years.
Younger adds, “Students have got-
ten their education at Cinestudio. I was
part of a very special first-year course
that was taught there called ‘Thinking
through Film,’ which helped to enhance
the connection between Cinestudio and
the academic offerings.”
Connections are made at Cinestudio
between Trinity and the Hartford com-
munity as well. “With Cinestudio as
such an independent place—though
very much supported by the college—
it’s a portal into the broader culture out-
side of the campus,” Younger says. “It
is truly a gem of the area in terms of the
quality that generations of people both
from Trinity and the community have
enjoyed. Watching a movie there is like
nothing else.”
The theater hosts regular daily
screenings and special film festivals,
including the “Reel Youth Hartford
Film Festival” for local high school
and middle school students; the
“Connecticut LGBTQ Film Festival,”
founded at Cinestudio in 1988 and pre-
sented by Out Film CT; and the “April in
Paris [French] Film Festival,” organized
by Trinity’s Department of Language
and Culture Studies. Cinestudio also
screens live events from Moscow’s
Bolshoi Ballet and London’s Royal
Opera House and National Theatre.
Trinity Film Festival (TFF), held at
Cinestudio each spring since 2012, is
a platform for undergraduate student
filmmakers from across the country
to network and see their films on the
big screen. John Michael Mason ’12,
M’14, now Trinity’s head track and field
coach and chair of Cinestudio’s Board
of Directors, founded TFF as an under-
graduate. “Cinestudio was one of the
reasons I chose to attend Trinity,” he
says. “Seeing a film in a theater with
other people is a profoundly different
and better experience than watching in
your own home, on a computer, or on a
phone. The communal aspect of it, the
darkness, and the clarity of image and
sound are all things Cinestudio holds
paramount, unlike any theater I’ve
ever experienced.”
20 THE TRINITY REPORTER“
I t is truly a of the
area in terms of the quality that
gem BEHIND
THE SCENES
generations of people both from
HOW DID CINESTUDIO GET ITS NAME?
James Hanley:
We liked the name because it sounded
Trinity and the community have like a film production studio. There was
a theater in New York already called Ciné
Studio, so we decided to go with one
enjoyed ”
word. We argued over whether to put
an accent on the e, but [it] was tedious
to do with an accent, and it unbalanced
. our logo and didn’t look right. We still
say Cin-ay-studio, but most people say
Cin-ah-studio.
WHO OWNS THE BUILDING?
PRAKASH YOUNGER, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH
John Michael Mason:
It’s Trinity’s building, and the college
allows Cinestudio to operate there in
return for having this great resource that
With Hanley, McMorris, and two Yellow Submarine. Alumni and past vol-
attracts students and the community.
part-time projectionists as the only paid unteers of Cinestudio also will be invited
staff, Cinestudio is run largely by stu- to a reception on May 2 that coincides WHAT’S THE MEANING OF
dent volunteers. Claire Pritchard ’20, with this year’s TFF. The gathering will THE LION SYMBOL?
who is double majoring in biochem- serve as a recognition of all those who James Hanley:
istry and theater and dance, serves as have helped the organization succeed We were inspired by the movie The Lion in
Cinestudio’s lead student volunteer in its first 50 years. Winter [1968] and found a public domain
coordinator. “Cinestudio is an amazing “I can’t say that I’ve ever regret- heraldic running lion to use as our logo.
venue and opens people up to the fact ted it for a minute,” Hanley says. “It
that movie theaters are alive and well,” started with a student impetus and WHO WRITES THE MOVIE DESCRIPTIONS
FOR THE FLYER AND WEBSITE?
says Pritchard, an Elizabeth Elting ’87 has remained student centered right
Peter McMorris
Bantam Bold 1823 Scholar. “I’ve learned down the line. I’m very optimistic that
It’s a family affair. Christine McCarthy
a lot about working on teams, communi- Cinestudio will continue as an integral McMorris [’79] was a student manager at
cations, publicity, and being able to mar- part of the campus.” Cinestudio who moved to N.Y.C. to get an
ket anything.” Student volunteers pro- As Hanley and McMorris begin to M.F.A. She moved back to Hartford, and
gram the “Moonlight Movies” series one think about retiring from their roles as we got married, and now she works at
Friday night per month. Sponsored by executive directors of Cinestudio in the Trinity’s Greenberg Center as well
the college’s Office of Student Activities, coming years, plans are being made to as researching and writing up the
Involvement & Leadership (S.A.I.L.), ensure that the organization they cre- movie descriptions.
these movies are funded so they are free ated will go on.
WHERE DID THE NEW SIGN COME FROM?
to students with a Trinity ID. “We try to “The 50th anniversary is in many
James Hanley:
make it as accessible as possible for stu- ways a celebration of all that James
An alumnus named Wilfred “Bill”
dents,” Pritchard says. and Peter have done over the last five Talbot III ’82 reached out to us about
Hanley adds, “It’s a very rare combi- decades,” Mason says. “We’re work- donating toward a Cinestudio marquee.
nation for a college campus to have a ing hard as a board to put ourselves in He recommended acclaimed designer
nonprofit movie theater open to the pub- the position to continue that legacy for Coco Raynes in Boston, and we hired
lic, with students who actually manage another 50 years. Cinestudio could only her to design a sign that would be a
it and also are a part of its future.” exist and grow because of what Trinity signature artwork in its own right and
is: a place where people with ingenu- a fine enhancement to the distinctive
“CINESTUDIO WILL CONTINUE AS AN ity are supported, where there’s a larger architecture of the McKim, Mead, and
White [designed] building. It was
INTEGRAL PART OF THE CAMPUS” community outside of the college, and
installed last year, and people fell in love
To celebrate its 50th anniversary, where students are given the room and
with it right away; it’s become part of the
Cinestudio will host special screenings encouragement to take their dreams campus already.
on February 22 of the two films that and turn them into reality.”
started it all, Alice’s Restaurant and
W I N T E R 2020 21You can also read
