WOLF CONSERVATION ECO-HEALTH - AND MANAGEMENT IN MAJELLA NATIONAL PARK - ITALY ENTE PARCO NAZIONALE
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WOLF CONSERVATION
AND
ECO-HEALTH
MANAGEMENT IN MAJELLA NATIONAL PARK - ITALY
ENTE PARCO
NAZIONALE
DELLA MAJELLA
SEDE SCIENTIFICA
FIELD STUDY CENTER
CENTRO DI RICERCA
FAUNA SELVATICA
WILDLIFE RESEARCH
CENTER
Simone Angelucci, DVM
simone.angelucci@parcomajella.it
In Abruzzo Region the wolf never disappeared.
MNP was one of the first in Europe to be studied for the presence of
the wolf (Zimen, E. and Boitani, L. 1975)
1975
Distribution of the wolf in Italy in
2012 transmitted to the European
Commission in 2014 by Report on
the status and trends of priority
species
2000 ?
Boitani et al 2010 Compensation payments for wolf
predation on livestock in Italy - distribution 2010
Wolf distribution (grey shade) in Italy in 2010. The
internal lines indicate the regional boundaries..
Boitani, L., Ciucci, P., and Raganella-Pelliccioni, E.
2010. Ex-post compensation payments for wolf
predation on livestock in Italy: a tool for conservation?
Wildlife Research 37: 722-730.
‘70s Noughties
THE WOLF IN MAJELLA NATIONAL PARK 1 resident packs living inside and outside the Park boundaries.
STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE OF DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - Cause of death - Presence and farm assistance - Rapid and effective compensation - Limitation degree of discretionary power - Understanding the context and vulnerability - Planning prevention measures - Defining the needs of coexistence
2002 – 2007
525 heads
Monthly distribution of wolf predation on sheep and goats
25
20
15
Weather conditions and times on the day
10
- Rain/fog in the afternoon
5
- Clear in the night time
0 wolf predations on sheep and goats: weather conditions and predation time
J F M A M J J A S O N D
30
25 rain/fog
The most affected months
20
July - October 15
clear
10 variable
5 snow
0 morning afternoon twilight night
rain/fog 1 27 10 6
clear 3 4 10 16
variable 2 7 4 5
snow 0 0 1 2Small predation and Large predation
Number of preyed sheep
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SP LPFavourable approach
Pred. < 5 heads
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
mattina pomeriggio crepuscolo notte
Bushlands in the afternoon
Open grazing lands in the night time
nebbia pioggia sereno variabile neve
30
- Rain/fog in the afternoon
25
- Clear in the night time 20
15
10
5
0
mattina pomeriggio crepuscolo notte
pas ces pas aperto pas alb bosco dirupoFavourable approach
Pred. > 5 heads
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
+ Open grazing lands in the night time
mattina pomeriggio crepuscolo notte
nebbia pioggia sereno variabile No significant data
6
Clear in the night time 5
4
3
2
- TSCA
1
-Test U Mann-Whitney, Test W 0
Wilcoxon, Test Z Kolmogorov Smirnov mattina pomeriggio crepuscolo notte
- χ2 test
pas ces pas aperto bosco dirupowhat seem to be determinant factors for the happening of “multiple killing” events are
the management variables
- 100% of animals preyed during night outside any fence was abandoned at the
moment of attack
- 73,7% of heads preyed in metallic fence and the 100% of those preyed in electric
fence was protected by an inadequate number of dogs (less 1 dog for 100
heads)What kind of prevention?
-Grazing domestic animals in MNP 8000 sheep/goats, 1000 cattle, 500 horses -€ 40.000/year economic compensation -paltry role of domestic animals in the maintenance of wolf packs
Wolf monitoring • radiocollared individuals monitoring • photo-videotrapping • genetic sampling • wolf howling • direct observations
80
PNM
70
60
Anno 2007-2008
Scat analyses n. 517
50
Frequenza%
3100 km 40
30
Wild boar: 67% 20
Roe deer: 13.3% 10
Red deer: 9% 0
250
Wild boar 76%
Roe deer 11%
Red deer 4%
223
Wild boar 58%
Roe deer 15%
Escrementi lupo Red deer 11%
Territori dei branchi lupoCaptures and GPS Telemetry
HOME SITES
Rendez vous site
Den siteHOME SITES
TYPOLOGY PERIOD OF USE
1° Den Site 17May-8 June
2° Den Site 8 June -12 July
1°RV site 13 July -17 August
2° RV site 18 -26 August
6°
3° RV site 27 August -14 Sept.
4° RV site 16- 30 September 5° 4°
3°
1° 2°
Branco AVO- Stagione 2° 1°
Siti di Rendez vous
riproduttiva 2013
Den sitePosizione Siti Tana - Branco MORRONE: 2010-2013
MORRONE PACK ANNUAL HOME RANGE - MCP 95% 2010-2011-2012
Pack % inside the % outside the
Park Park
Morrone 62 38
Monte Corvo 54 46Morrone Pack Sheep Fold Grazing areas Den and rendez vous area
Grazing area Den and rendez vous area
Free ranging dogs refuges
Garbage dump Farms
Town Center
Private KennelPACK ID Y CDV CAV-1 CPV EHR LEISH LEPT CHV MORRONE F1 2010 1:64 1:256 1:256 Neg.(
2013 - CDV OUTBREAK
IN APENNINE WOLVES
24 dead wolves aged 6 months to 5 years
First report of CDV Arctic lineage epidemics in the wild
population in Europe
CDV monitoring on wolves and free ranging dogs in
PNM (Di Francesco et al., 2014)
September 2010 – December 2013
•Arctic lineage in all strains investigated
•Identity of 100% with strains detected in wolves of
PNALM and from 2 dogs
•Simultaneous spreading of virus in dog population of the
same area
Domestic dog is the reservoir of CDV infection
from wildlife
The wolf is the spill-over of the viral spreading and
new viral strainsA GPS TELEMETRY-BASED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY OF WOLF PACKS
Fecal samples were collected using a sampling protocol based on the combining data from
radio-collared wolves with geographic information system (GIS) analysis, allowing to mark
off the home range of packs and to recover groups pecific and high-quality specimens.
Canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b)
is the most prevalent virus in both packs
(7/20),
followed by canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2),
while no sequences of canine distemper virus
and coronaviruses were
detected.
The sequence analysis of the viruses demonstrated the domestic origin of the infection,
highlighting
the importance of
vaccination of local dogs in order to reduce
the risk of exposure of wildlife to these pathogensThe Park and the farmers
?!?
Most important management problems for a farming activity on mountain terrain
(Majella National Park, n. 22 farmers, 2012)
vendita del prodotto, basso
lossvalore e non competitività
1% 1% Low product value and of competitiveness
0% manodopera specializzata
2% 2% 1%
Lack of skilled labor
4% 4% mancanza
Lack of ofdilivestock
strutturehousing
zootecniche (stalle, stazzi,
facilities
5% abbeveratoi ecc.)
36% costi
Highdiproduction
produzionecosts
elevati (compresi alimentazione)
Control del
controllo of grazing livestock
bestiame al pascolo
10%
Constraints
vincoli and bureaucracy
ambientali for liv. Structures
per le strutture
11% 16%
Extreme
disagi climate conditions
climatici
7% Poor tutela
scarsa protection provided
da parte dalleby the institutions
istituzioni
Fragmentation
frazionamento deiofterreni
agricultural land
Wildlifeper
cinghiali damages
danni alle colture
Inconvenience
disagi given by the territory
dati dal territorio
Social isolation
isolamento sociale
premi scarsi
Prizes and loans of low value
Too demanding
gestione aziendaleand tiring continuativo
e lavoro jobA new wolf/human interface
Naaaaaa…..
there are no
wolves around
here !… and now we have
another project for you,
human dimension bla
bla….radiocollar….bla bla
attitude towards
wolf…..damage prevention
…blablablablabla….
Oh…leave
me in peace
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