Year 9 Essential Knowledge for Cycle Two 2020-2021 - Name: _ Form Group

Year 9
Essential Knowledge for Cycle Two
 2020-2021
 • Name: ________________________

 • Form Group: ___________________

 Ambition Determination Respect

Contents
 Page Number
Your Essential Knowledge Booklet and Knowledge Organisers Introduction 1
Using Your Essential Knowledge Booklet for homework and revision 2
How can I become an independent learner? 3
Computing 4-6
Drama 7-8
English 9
French 10
Geography 11-12
Health and Social Care 13
History 14
Maths 15-16
Media 17
Music 18
PE 19-21
RE 22-23
Science 24-31
Spanish 32
 Ambition Determination Respect

Your Essential Knowledge Booklet and Knowledge Organisers

Knowledge Organisers contain essential knowledge you must know. This will help you recap, revisit
and revise what you have learnt in lessons in order to remember this knowledge for the long-term.

You must have this Essential Knowledge Booklet for every lesson – it is a key part of your equipment.

Note to parents:

This booklet contains the essential information your child must know if they are to be successful in their learning. The booklet is not a complete record of
everything that will be taught and discussed in lessons, but it contains the foundations of everything your child will learn. Your child will complete much of
their remote learning using this booklet; they will need to learn sections of it and be prepared to recall them when asked to by their class teacher. You can be
of immense help to your child as they seek to learn all the information that follows. For example, you could test them on the sections they have completed
and return to those parts they have struggled to learn. Making this booklet part of your routine at home will have a profound effect on your child’s grades at
school.

Please also consider supporting your child to extend their learning and memorisation of this essential knowledge even further through:
• supporting their independent research of these topics
• encouraging further reading around the subject matter
• taking the opportunity to explore much of this content through trips to museums and exhibitions in London and beyond.

Many thanks in advance for your support.
Miss McAuley and the teachers at Walthamstow Academy

 Ambition Determination Respect 1

Using your Essential Knowledge Booklet for homework and revision
 whilst at home:

1. Read a section of your knowledge organiser

2. Minimise the screen with the knowledge organiser on

3. Write or type out what you’ve remembered on a piece of paper or blank document

4. Maximise the screen and check the knowledge organiser to see if you’re right

5. Repeat this process

 Ambition Determination Respect 2

How can I become an independent learner?
• Read actively: Pay close attention to the words you are reading and their meaning.
• Read widely and ambitiously: Your knowledge organiser contains the foundations
 of knowledge for Assessment Cycle 1. Speak to your teachers and Ms Sutton in the
 LRC to seek out books, articles or websites you can read to deepen your
 knowledge of a topic and places you can visit to see what you are learning about in
 action.
• Different sources: When doing research, try to draw from a variety of different
 sources. Research is NOT accessing www.wikipedia.org = remember that ANYONE
 can edit a Wikipedia webpage to say anything they want it to say…
• Be determined: If a task is challenging, don’t give up. Keep at it until you
 understand what you need to do.
• Seek help where necessary: Asking for support and advice is an important part of
 independent learning. If you need help, ask for it!
• Discussions: If you want to explore a topic, discuss it with your friends or peers.
 This could help you think about an aspect of the topic you hadn’t considered
 before.
 Ambition Determination Respect 3

Computing Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9 – Python
 Iteration
Keywords Input/output and selection
 Both of the examples below will count from 1 to 5, giving exactly the same output but with
Sequence - Order that the code is carried out. 1. age = input("what is your different methods.
 age?")
Iteration - Repeating sections of code that loop. 2. print("you are: ", age) Counter controlled iteration
 3. if (age>=17):
Selection - Using code to choose what happens in 4. print("You can drive!") 1. for counter in range(1,6):
a program, also called a conditional. 2. print(counter)
 5. Else:
 6. print("You are too On line 1 we set up the iteration. Starting at 1, the counter will increase, it will stop just before it
Procedure - A section of a program that performs
 young") reaches 6.
a specific task and does not return a value.
 Line 2 will print the counter each time the code goes through the loop. As stated above, the
 Line 1 asks the user their age, and puts their
 counter increases, so the value printed each time will get larger.
Function - A section of a program that performs a input into a variable called age.
specific task and returns a value. On line 2 if the user enters “14” for age, the Condition controlled iteration
 program will print “you are: 14”.
List - Also known as an array, is a way of storing a
 On line 3 if the users age is more than or equal 1. counter = 1
list of linked items.
 to 17, it will do the code below and indented. 2. while(counter

Computing Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9 – System Security

1 Forms of attack 2 Forms of Attack
 1 Social Engineering ❑ The art of manipulating or ‘conning’ individuals into
1 Passive ❑ Monitors data traveling on a network and intercepts giving away private information or login IDs and
 any sensitive data. passwords.
 ❑ Defend with encryption. ❑ Examples: phishing, scam calls, shoulder surfing.

 2 Phishing ❑ An email that tricks people into giving personal
2 Active ❑ Attack with malware or other panned attacks.
 ❑ Defend with antivirus software and firewalls.
 information e.g. bank details or passwords.
 ❑ Check email address of sender.
 ❑ Usually not addressed to you personally.
 ❑ Sometimes spelling mistakes or unusual language.
3 Threats Posed to Networks 3 Brute force ❑ Cracking a password using trial and error.
 ❑ Prevent brute force attacks by using strong
1 Malware ❑ Malicious software installed on someone’s device passwords.
 without them knowing.
 ❑ Deletes or modifies files.
 ❑ Ransomware - encrypts all files on a computer.
 ❑ Spyware - monitors users actions.
 4 Identifying and Preventing Vulnerabilities
 ❑ Viruses - attach to files. 1 Penetration testing ❑ Employ someone to simulate attack on network to
 ❑ Worms - self-replicate. find weaknesses.
 ❑ Trojans - replicate legitimate software.
 2 Network policies ❑ Password policy, user levels, regular updates,
2 Denial of Service ❑ Floods the network with useless traffic.
 firewall, encryption.
 ❑ Stops user from accessing part of the network.
 ❑ Can reduce harm by blocking some IP addresses. 3 Anti malware ❑ Stop harmful programs being installed.
 software
3 Data Interception ❑ Stealing paper documents with logins on.
 and Theft ❑ Shouldering – stealing pin numbers. 4 Firewall ❑ Control what goes out and in to a device through a
 ❑ Reduce harm by keeping information physically secure. network connection , based on criteria.
4 Injecting SQL ❑ Inserting malicious code into form on a website to 5 Encryption ❑ When data is translated into a code and only
 access database and steal information. someone with the correct key can read it.
 ❑ Reduce harm - Limit permissions on a database by
 setting access levels, validation/ input sanitation to 6 User access levels ❑ Control the parts of the network that difference
 remove SQL commands. users can access.

 AUTHOR: JBR 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 5

Computing Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Ethical, legal , cultural and environmental concerns

1 Ethical, legal , cultural and environmental
concerns 4 Environmental ❑ Issues which have come about in modern society due
 Issues to the increase use of computer science and its related
1 Ethical Issues ❑ The ethical and moral issues which have come about in technologies.
 modern society due to the increase use of computer e.g.
 science and its related technologies.
 e.g.
 ❑ Manufacturing computers uses fossil fuels.
 ❑ Losing/changing jobs.
 ❑ Limited number of natural resources.
 ❑ Efficiency: robots work 24/7.
 ❑ Data centres use 2% of global energy.
 ❑ Access to IT is not equal (digital divide).
 ❑ Invasion of privacy. ❑ Computers contain hazardous materials, often shipped
 ❑ Responsibility for content on the internet. to other countries for disposal.

2 Legal Issues ❑ Issues which have come about in modern society due to 5 Privacy Issues ❑ Issues with how privately our data is used which have
 the increase use of computer science and its related come about in modern society due to the increase use
 technologies. of computer science and its related technologies.
 e.g. e.g.
 ❑ Copyright and ownership of digital content.
 ❑ Different laws in different countries (crime may be ❑ Increase in always on, voice activated devices in the
 committed in a certain country, but the people home.
 committing the crime could be physically located in ❑ Rise in CCTV.
 another). ❑ Rise in social networking and GPS tracking.
 ❑ Hacking.
 ❑ Piracy.
 6 Stakeholders ❑ All people or groups of people that stand to be
3 Cultural Issues ❑ Moral issues which have come about in modern society
 affected by a situation.
 due to the increase use of computer science and its
 related technologies.
 e.g.
 e.g.
 ❑ Censorship to prevent political unrest and preserve
 culture. ❑ Changing school holiday dates would affect students,
 ❑ Geography & economy of a country affects access to parents, teachers, support staff, holiday companies,
 networks and power. motorists (through changes in traffic congestion),
 ❑ Increased mobile technology impacts on how people childminders and more.
 communicate: cyberbullying.

 AUTHOR: JBR 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 6

Drama Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Exploring the Holocaust

1 Conventions. 3 Types of staging.
1 Hot seating ❑ Answering questions whilst ‘in role’. 1 End on ❑ A stage where the audience sits on one side only.

2 Cross cutting ❑ A split scene that shows contrasting locations or 2 Thrust ❑ Audience on 3 sides with the stage extending into the
 scenes in different time zones. audience. Allows for intimacy.

3 Flashback / Flash ❑ A way of moving a scene forward / back through 3 Traverse ❑ Audience on 2 sides facing each other.
 forward time. Can be utilised using a cross cut.
4 Spontaneous role ❑ Reacting in the moment without planning or 4 In the round ❑ Audience around the whole stage. Allows for
 play rehearsal. intimacy.
 5 Proscenium Arch ❑ The arch that serves as a picture frame around the
5 Naturalism ❑ Creating the illusion of reality through a realistic stage.
 acting style.

2 Non verbal communication. 4 Brecht.

1 Proxemics ❑ Physical distance between characters.
 1 Bertolt Brecht ❑ Influential German political playwright who wants the
 audience to think.
2 Facial expression ❑ Change in face to convey emotion.
 2 Epic theatre ❑ Political theatre that aims to educate.
3 Gesture ❑ Movement of hands to communicate an idea or give
 meaning or emphasis.
 3 V effect ❑ A convention that breaks that naturalism of a scene
 reminding the audience they are watching a play.
4 Gaze ❑ Direction character is looking.
 4 Gestus ❑ Physical gestures that convey the social, historical and
5 Posture ❑ The position of the body. (Germanic) cultural identity of a character.
6 Body language ❑ How the body is held physically.
7 Touch / bodily ❑ Physical connection between 2 characters.
 contact AUTHOR: SGL 2021

 Ambition Determination Respect 7

Drama Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 8- Component 1: Devising

1 Structure & style 2: Devising
1 Episodic ❑ A story that is told in small digestible episodes 1 Stimulus ❑ Any object, artefact or piece of music that is used to deconstruct and
 normally focusing on 1 scene at a time. use as a starting point to create a piece of theatre.
 2 Physical ❑ Story telling that is mainly told through the movement of the body.
2 Brechtian ❑ A style that aims to educate the audience and theatre
 include Brecht’s conventions.
 3 Flocking ❑ A physical theatre convention where a group / ensemble symbolically
3 Non linear ❑ Narrative told in non chronological order. move as one ( as an emotion, feeling, concept or subculture).
 4 Mirroring ❑ A physical theatre convention where the movements of another actor
4 Naturalism ❑ Creating the illusion of reality through a are copied or subverted ( counter mirroring) to symbolise their
 realistic acting style. emotional state.
 5 Cause and ❑ A physical theatre convention that serves as a physical dialogue
3: Evaluation effect between 2 actors.
1 Step 1 ❑ Analyse / identify one positive aspect of
 performance. 4: Evaluative mastery synonyms
2 Step 2 ❑ Justify why that was effective. 1 Dynamic ❑ Energetic, constantly changing.
 2 Interestin ❑ Arousing curiosity or holding / catching your attention.
3 Step 3 ❑ Explain its impact on the audience ( how it g
 made you feel, expanded your understanding. 3 Striking ❑ Attracting attention by being unusual or distinctive.

4 Step 4 ❑ Analyse / identify one area for improvement 4 Immersiv ❑ Having the ability to draw the audience into the performance.
 e
5 Step 5 ❑ Explain why that was unsuccessful. 6 Emotive ❑ To make people feel strong emotions.

6 Step 6 ❑ Suggest a strategy to help improve the work 7 Weak ❑ Lacking power.
 and give tips of what to avoid next time. 8 Inconsiste ❑ Varying in quality from high to low.
 nt
 9 Truthful ❑ Appearing genuine.
 10 Unfocuse ❑ Without a specific aim or direction.
 AUTHOR: SGL 2021 d

 Ambition Determination Respect 8

English Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- The Picture of Dorian Gray- Oscar Wilde

1 Big Ideas (AO1) 3 Context (AO3)
1 The Pursuit of The novel explores the consequences of living a life based 1 Late Victorian / Novel published towards the end of the reign of Queen
 Pleasure almost entirely in the pursuit of personal sensual pleasure and Edwardian Era Victoria, who died in 1901.
 indulgence.
 2 Strict Social Codes Victorian Society was dominated by very strict social and
2 The Power of Oscar Wilde believed that beauty itself, rather than just vanity, of Behaviour moral codes of behaviour for the middle and upper classes.
 Beauty was an aesthetic force that should be appreciated and almost Individuals who broke these codes were often ostracised by
 worshipped. society or considered outsiders.
3 The Other Self/ The novel explores ideas about an ‘other’ self or inner self that
 Duality we hide from the outside world. This idea links to Freud’s 3 Victorian Hypocrisy Whilst on the surface Victorian gentlemen had a ‘veneer of
 theories about the id, the ego and the super-ego. respectability’, many secretly indulged their desires for
 drink, prostitution and drugs.
 4 Fin de siècle anxiety As Victorians approached the end of the 19th Century, many
2 Characters were anxious and filled with doubt as to what the 20th
 Century ‘modern’ world would be like.
1 Dorian Gray A handsome and wealthy young gentleman, whose portrait the
 artist Basil Hallward paints. Under the influence of Lord Henry
 Wotton, Dorian begins to pursue his own pleasure above all
 4 Oscar Wilde
 else. ❑ Born in 1854 in Dublin, Ireland.
2 Basil Hallward An artist, and a friend of Lord Henry. Basil becomes obsessed ❑ The Picture of Dorian Gray, published in 1891 was his only novel.
 with Dorian after meeting him at a party and paints his portrait, ❑ Wilde is famous for writing some of most performed and successful plays of all time:
 claiming that Dorian possesses a unique and rare beauty. The Importance of Being Earnest; Salome; An Ideal Husband; Lady Windermere’s Fan.
 ❑ In 1895 Wilde was sent to prison for 2 years for committing acts of gross indecency
3 Lord Henry An urbane and witty nobleman, Lord Henry is a master of well- with Lord Alfred Douglas, the son of the Marquess of Queensbury.
 phrased epigrams criticizing the moralism and hypocrisy of ❑ Homosexuality was illegal in the UK until 1967 when it was decriminalised.
 Victorian society. His pleasure-seeking philosophy of “New
 Hedonism” plays a vital role in Dorian’s development.
 5 Epigrams – a short, witty statement that is memorable and interesting
4 Sibyl Vane A poor, beautiful, and talented actress with whom Dorian falls
 in love. Sibyl’s experience of true love in life makes her realise ❑ We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
 the falseness of affecting emotions onstage. ❑ Be yourself – everybody else is already taken.
 ❑ I can resist everything except temptation.
5 James Vane Sibyl’s brother James cares deeply for his sister and worries ❑ Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing.
 about her relationship with Dorian. Like his sister he represents ❑ The truth is rarely pure and never simple.
 virtue that becomes tarnished by Dorian’s hedonistic lifestyle.

 AUTHOR: YNI 2019 Ambition Determination Respect 9

French Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

AUTHOR: LAS JULY 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 10

Geography Department– Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Climate Change

1 Evidence of past climate change 3 Human causes of climate change
1 Historical ❑ Medieval warm period. 1 Global ❑ The sun’s rays travel through the atmosphere.
 climate ❑ Frost Fairs in London by the 1700s. Warming ❑ Some of the rays escape back out into the atmosphere.
 change ❑ The fossil record shows that climate has gone through ❑ Naturally produced greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane)
 warmer and colder periods. work to trap some of the sun’s heat, keeping our planet
2 Methods of ❑ Ice Cores- layers of ice contain trapped gasses which tell us warm enough to support life.
 identifying what past climate was like. An ice core can provide 400,000 ❑ Human activity is increasing the amount of greenhouse
 past climate years of data. gases in the atmosphere. Car use and manufacturing is
 ❑ Tree rings- a warm, wet climate produces thicker tree rings. partly responsible for this.
 Rings can go back to 10,000 years. ❑ The atmosphere becomes thicker with increased
 ❑ Temperature records- records have been kept since the greenhouse gases and traps outgoing sun rays. This causes
 1850’s. Thermometers are used and are accurate. the planet to heat up.

2 Physical causes of climate change
1 Orbital ❑ Over 100,000 years, the proximity of the earth’s orbit will
 Change move from circular to oval.
 ❑ During the circular rotation the earth is closer to the sun,
 so the temperature will be higher.

2 Sun spots ❑ Dark spots that appear on the sun’s surface. They are
 solar storms.
 ❑ The more spots there are, the greater the heat produced.
 ❑ They change in 11 year cycles known as sun spot cycles.

3 Volcanic ❑ Large amounts of material is released into the
 eruptions atmosphere during an eruption.
 ❑ Ash blocks sun rays from reaching the earth. This lowers
 global temperatures temporarily. AUTHOR: ESS
 2020

 Ambition Determination Respect 11

Geography Department– Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Climate Change

5 Human factors causing climate change 7 Mitigation
1 Cars ❑ Burn fossil fuels increasing CO2 emissions. 1 International ❑ Countries agree to reduce carbon emissions by setting
 agreements emission targets in line with the carbon budget. Not all
2 Coal and gas power ❑ Power plants emit CO2 when burning fossil fuels.
 countries agree with this, which makes it difficult to reach an
 plants
 agreement and reduce emissions globally.
3 Industrial growth ❑ More electricity is needed, so more CO2 is released.
4 Increased standard ❑ More electricity is used, so more CO2 is released. 2 Alternative ❑ Solar, wind, tidal and nuclear energy all reduce CO2 emissions
 of living energies and will not run out.
 ❑ Alternative energy is not as reliable as burning fossil fuels, it
5 Farming ❑ Pastoral farm- more animals on cattle ranches produce
 can also be expensive meaning energy bills will be higher.
 large amounts of dung, which releases methane into the
 atmosphere.
 3 Carbon capture ❑ Power plants that have the ability to capture CO2 and store it
6 Deforestation ❑ Chopping down trees decreases vegetation available to
 underground. This reduces the amount of CO2 being released
 absorb CO2 through photosynthesis.
 into the atmosphere.
 ❑ It is an expensive process, meaning energy bills will be more
6 Impacts of climate change expensive. CO2 may escape through cracks in underground
 storage.
1 Environ ❑ A warmer climate means glaciers and ice sheets melt, so sea levels rise.
 mental ❑ Sea ice shrinking means lost habitats for animals such as polar bears.
 ❑
 ❑
 Rising sea levels means coastlines are likely to flood.
 Sea temperatures rising resulting in coral reefs bleaching, meaning habitats
 8 Adaptation
 are lost. 1 Coping with ❑ Building flood defences such as levees and embankments to
2 Social ❑ A global average temperature rise means there will be droughts and deaths rising sea levels hold the water back.
 from a lack of clean water to drink. ❑ They are very expensive to build, so LICs are unlikely to be
 ❑ Rising sea levels will result in coastal flooding. This means some coastal able to build defences and prevent coastal flooding.
 communities will need to migrate.
 2 Changing ❑ Crops in some countries are failing due to warmer
 ❑ Lower crop yields due to drought. This means there will be food shortages
 and farmers could lose money. agricultural temperatures, so drought resistant crops have been
 ❑ Droughts could cause crop failure, this may result in starvation amongst systems developed.
 some populations. ❑ Drought resistant crops can be expensive to develop, so the
 cost of food increases.
3 Benefits ❑ Some places will see warmer climates, meaning they can grow a greater
 variety of crops. 3 Managing ❑ Some places may get drier, by adding water meters, water
 ❑ As some countries become manageably warmer, greater levels of tourists water supply consumption may be reduced during periods of low rainfall.
 visiting will increase GDP. ❑ The use of water meters may not change consumption rates
4 Costs ❑ LICs will have a greater range of problems as they may not have enough in HICs, as people struggle to adapt. If there is little rainfall
 money to fund projects to protect against climate change. for long periods of time, water meters will have no impact.

 AUTHOR: ESS 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 12

Health and Social Care Department– Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

 1- Introduction to Health and Social Care 2- Health Psychology
 Health Psychology Speciality area that focuses on how
 Health Care Diagnosing, treating and biology, psychology, behaviour, and social
 managing a physical or factors influence health and illness.
 mental illness or disease.
 Ageing population More people are living longer, therefore we
 Social Care Care and support for have more older people than before.
 vulnerable individuals. World Health Organisation Health is a state of complete physical,
 Vulnerable A person who is unable to (WHO) definition of health mental and social well-being and not
 merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
 look after themselves.
 Bio-medical model of health Only treating the disease and illness.
 Physical health Growth of the human
 body. Psycho-social model of health Treating the person as a ‘whole’ looking at
 all aspects of their care.
Intellectual health Thinking and language
 development. Models of health Different views on health behaviour.
 Health belief model Used to explain and predict individual
Emotional health Understanding feelings. changes in health behaviours.
 Social health How we get along with The sick role A term used in medical sociology regarding
 others. sickness and the rights and obligations of
 the affected.
 Holistic Looking at all of an
 individuals needs. AUTHOR: PDL
 2020

 Ambition Determination Respect 13

History Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- The Significance of the Holocaust

1: Keywords 2: Key themes about the Holocaust:
1 Anti-Semitism ❑ Discrimination against Jews as a religious group or race. 1 ❑ Religious: Primarily, Jews were persecuted because of their religion; this
 had existed since the 14th century. However it had developed into a
2 Aryan ❑ Meaning pure German blood. Hitler believed they would make racial prejudice. Hitler blamed the Jews for signing the Treaty of
 Germany great again. Versailles and accused them of ‘stabbing the German people in the
3 Concentration ❑ Prison camps set up by the Nazis in 1933, firstly for political back’, known in German as ‘Dolchstoss’.
 camps opponents (communists), then minorities from criminals, 2 ❑ Economic: Initially persecution was kick-started by boycotting Jewish
 homosexuals, gypsies, Jews. Some later became extermination camps. shops. Due to the small numbers of shops this was unsuccessful and
4 Clergy ❑ Gestapo – Hitler’s spy network, which relied on informants. many Germans chose to shop there regardless of the SA bully boy
 tactics.
5 Ghettos ❑ Parts of cities reserved for Jews from 1939, they were unhygienic
 places to live, had a lack of water and healthcare. They acted as 3 ❑ Political: In 1935, The Nuremburg Laws limited German Jews’ rights; this
 prisons as they had large walls and curfews. was a significant turning point in the persecution of the Jews and
 foreshadowed how systematic the state persecution would become. In
6 Kristallnacht ❑ The “Night of Broken Glass”. People encouraged by the SS burned 1938 The Anschluss (unification of Germany and Austria) meant a lot
 down synagogues, humiliated Jewish people and many were killed. more Jews were now part of Germany.
7 Nuremberg Laws ❑ A series of laws reducing German Jews human rights, such as their 4 ❑ Social: Kristallnacht was the biggest pogrom (a violent riot with aims to
 ability to marry Germans, to vote, and to be recognised as a citizen. kill a particular ethnic group; in this case the Jews). People burned and
8 SA ❑ Known as Hitler’s bully boys in the early days, as they helped him gain killed Jewish men and many were imprisoned in concentration camps.
 power by intimidating people. This had been encouraged by the SS and state.

9 SS ❑ Hitler’s elite part of the army, also responsible for the workings of the 5 ❑ During WWII persecution increasingly became more systematic leading
 concentration camp network under Himmler. to the creation of death camps in 1942.

10 Synagogue ❑ A Jewish place of worship.

 6 ❑ In 1933 550,000 Jews resided in Germany, under 1% of the population.
11 Systematic ❑ Purposeful and considered. Laws made persecution more systematic Over 5 million lived in Russia and Poland.
 in 1935. The gassing of Jews became systematic in 1935 meaning this ❑ Over 60% of the world’s Jews lived in Europe in 1933.
 was racial genocide against the Jews.
12 Untermenschen ❑ Anyone considered an undesirable in Hitler’s Germany; the disabled,
 Roma, homosexuals and Jews.

 AUTHOR: VPA 2020
3:
Timeline

 Ambition Determination Respect 14

Maths Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

9.11 Algebraic Notation 9.13 Expand and Factorise
1 Multiply ab in place of a × b
 1 Expand Use ‘bridges’ to open brackets.
 a x a = a2
 brackets The term outside the bracket must be multiplied by each term
2 Collect like terms 3y + 2x in place of y + y + y + x + x inside the bracket
3 Powers aᶾ in place of a × a × a
4 Variable a letter in an expression 2 Factorise Opposite of expanding – insert brackets into an expression.
5 Expressions collection of numbers, variables and symbols e.g. 8b+12 = 4 (2b + Find the highest common factor
 3x+2 3)
6 Equations A statement that the values of two mathematical
 expressions are equal (indicated by the equals sign) 3 Expand Double Use bridges to multiply the first term of the first bracket with both
 brackets terms in the second bracket and then multiply the second term in
7 Add and Subtract a + a = 2a the first bracket with both in the second.
 a - 2a = -a
8 Terms separated by + or - (x + 2) (x+2) = x2 + 2x +2x + 4
 = x2 + 4x + 4
9 Divide write as a fraction

 9.14 Expression and Substitution
9.12 Laws of Indices
 1 Function Input given - substitute the input and get the output .
1 an X am = a n + m when multiplying add the indices machine Output given – work backwards

2 an / am = a n - m when dividing subtract the indices 2 Substitution Replace numbers with letters
 e.g. If x = 5, the value of
3 (am ) n = a mn when there are brackets multiply the powers 6x = 30
 x+3=8
4 a0 = 1 any number to the power 0 = 1
 1 3 Formula Substitute values in the given formula.
5 a =a a number to the power 1 means itself
 Don’t forget to write the units for the answer.
 power half means square root and power third means e.g. v = u + at
6 a ½ = √a
 cube root if u = 5m/s , a = 10 m/s2 , t=3 sec find v
 a -1 =
 1
 number to the power 1 means reciprocal V = 5 + 10X 3 = 35 m/s
7 

 AUTHOR: PMA JANUARY 2019
 Ambition Determination Respect 15

Maths Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

 9.15 Linear Equations 9.17 Perimeter and Area
1 All letters on one side and Do the inverse operation
 1 Perimeter Distance around the WHOLE shape (not the inside)
 numbers on the other side of ‘=‘ 4x = 12
 ÷4 ÷4 Rectangle : A = l X w
 X=3 Triangle : A = (b X h ) ÷ 2
 2 Area
2 Equation with brackets Expand brackets and then rearrange Trapezium: Add the parallel sides halve it times by height
 Parallelogram : A = b X h
3 Form an expression using If perimeter of a square with side b is
 information in the worded 32 find b? 3 Compound shapes Split the shape into a collection of simpler shapes
 problem and b + b + b + b = 32
 equate that to the number 4b = 32
 b= 8

 Metric units
 4
 9.16 Linear Inequalities conversion

1 Inequalities . 9.18 Pythagoras
 Pythagoras’
 Theorem
 1
 applies to only right
 angled triangles

 Representing 2 Hypotenuse Longest side (side opposite 90 degrees)
2 inequalities on a Finding the longest
 number line side Square add square root
 3
 Finding a shorter Square subtract square root
 side

 AUTHOR: PMA JANUARY2019 Ambition Determination Respect 16

Media Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Advertising (Print & Audio Visual)

1 Key Media terms 3 Conventions
1 On ❑ Adverts that appear on a screen e.g. television, cinema, YouTube
 Screen/Audio etc.
 visual PRODUCT NAME PACK SHOT
 In a prominent position Product placed clearly SLOGAN
2 Print ❑ Adverts that appear in printed form e.g. magazines, newspapers, and in clear, bold and visibly to target Short and simple
 on a public transport.
 writing. audience catchphrase, gives
3 Diegetic sound ❑ Comes from within the world of the moving image e.g. dialogue, information about the
 doors closing, cars driving etc. product
 LOGO helps to add prestige
4 Non diegetic ❑ Added in post production and can’t be heard by the characters.
 to the product if well known
 sound
 brand Large IMAGES and simple
5 Mise en scene ❑ Lighting & colour, acting (facial expressions, body language), make colours help to make the
 up & hair, props & costume, settings & location, placement within
 advert more striking and
 the frame. CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT memorable
6 Advertising ❑ This body regulates advertising across the media. They must make Is a generic convention
 Standards sure an advertisement doesn’t cause serious or widespread
 Authority offense. They ensure offense is not caused on the grounds of race,
 (ASA) religion, sex, sexual orientation, or disability. Stereotypes can be
 used by advertisers, but it is when these representations go too far
 that the ASA must step in. 4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 An advert will try to appeal to the audience’s wants and desires as well as their basic
2 Key information - Lines of Appeal needs. Which need does the advert fulfil?
The producers will design the adverts to appeal to the desires and fears of the target
audience.
Happy families Childhood nostalgia
Rich, luxurious lifestyles Nature and the natural world
Successful romance and love Self importance and pride
Elite people or experts Comedy and humour
Glamorous places Realms and fantasies
Beautiful men/women OFTEN ADVERTS WILL SELL AN IDEA OF A BETTER
 LIFESTYLE TO THE AUDIENCE TO GET THEM TO BUY THE
Successful careers PRODUCT
Art, culture and history

 AUTHOR: HJW/ABS JANUARY 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 17

Music Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Music Production

1 DAW basics
1 Synthesiser ❑ An electronic musical instrument that generates
 audio signals.
2 Sample/Sampler ❑ A musical idea extracted from an existing piece of
 music and used to create a new piece.
3 DAW ❑ Digital Audio Workstation. A computer
 programme/app that is used to record, edit and
 produce music.
4 Loop ❑ A repeated passage. Often used to refer to
 samples that are imported into a sequence and
 repeated.
5 Arrangement ❑ The layout of a piece of music.

2 DAW going further
1 FX ❑ Short for ‘effects’: processes applied to a signal to
 alter it’s sound in some way.
2 Reverb ❑ The natural reflection of sounds from surfaces 3 Elements of Music
 giving the impression of space.
 1 Pulse ❑ The underlying beat of the music.
3 Panning ❑ The balance between left and right channels in a
 stereo audio mix. 2 Rhythm ❑ How patterns of music are organised to fit with the
 pulse.
4 Piano roll ❑ The grid used to edit and draw in musical notes in
 3 Dynamics ❑ How loud or quiet music is.
 a DAW.
5 Balance ❑ The volume of instruments or parts relative to 4 Texture ❑ How different layers of music interact with each other.
 another in the mix.
 5 Tempo ❑ How fast or slow music is.

 AUTHOR: PAD JAN 2021
 Ambition Determination Respect 18

PE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

AUTHOR: RGN 2020
 Ambition Determination Respect 19

PE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

Ambition Determination Respect 20

PE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

AUTHOR: RGN 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 21

RE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Religion and Life

1 Abortion 3 The Afterlife
1 Traditional Christian ❑ “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you.“ 1 Akhirah ❑ Islamic belief in everlasting life after death.
 views on abortion (Jeremiah 1:5)
2 Traditional Muslim ❑ “Do not kill your children for fear of poverty- We
 views on abortion shall provide for them and for you – killing them is a 2 Barzakh ❑ A Muslim belief - The state of waiting until the Day
 great sin.” (Qur’an 17:31) of Judgement after death.
3 Sanctity of life ❑ The belief that all life is holy as it is created and
 loved by God. 3 Resurrection ❑ A Christian belief - Rising from the dead or
 ❑ The belief that human life is sacred and belongs to returning to life after death.
 God.
 4 Purgatory ❑ Place where souls are cleansed in order to enter
4 Pro-choice ❑ The belief that a woman's life comes first so she has heaven. (Roman Catholic belief)
 the right to choose whether to have an abortion or ❑ “For he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap;
 not. he will sit as a refiner and purifier ... and he will
 purify” (Malachi 3:2-4)
5 Pro-life ❑ The belief that life begins at conception, therefore
 abortion is a form of murder. 5 The Day of ❑ A religious belief – God will judge a person for
 Judgement everything they have done through their life.
2 Euthanasia ❑ Resulting in either punishment or reward.

1 Traditional Christian ❑ “Your eyes saw my unformed body; all the days 6 Heaven or Jannah ❑ A state of eternal happiness in the presence of
 views on euthanasia ordained for me were written in your book before one God.
 of them came to be.” (Psalm 139:16) ❑ “There will be no more mourning or crying or
2 Traditional Muslim ❑ “No soul may die except with God’s permission at a pain.” (Revelation 21:4)
 views on euthanasia predestined time.” (Qur’an 3:145)
3 Euthanasia ❑ The painless killing of a patient suffering from an 7 Hell or Jahannam ❑ The place of eternal suffering or place without
 incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible God.
 coma. ❑ “Hell, where the fire never goes out.”
4 Active euthanasia ❑ Ending a life by deliberate action, such as by giving a (Mark 9:43)
 patient a lethal injection.
5 Passive euthanasia ❑ Allowing a terminally ill or incurably ill person to die
 by withdrawing or withholding medical treatment. AUTHOR: LHA JANUARY 2021

 Ambition Determination Respect 22

RE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Religion, relationships and families

1 Key terms 3 Religious teachings on marriage
1 Heterosexual ❑ To be sexually attracted to members of the opposite 1 Traditional Christian ❑ Adultery breaks the promises Christian couples make
 sex. attitudes towards before God during their wedding, “you shall not
 sex before marriage commit adultery.” Exodus 20:14
2 Adultery ❑ Voluntary sexual intercourse between a married 2 Traditional Christian ❑ Jesus taught lust is wrong can lead to adultery. “Any
 person and someone who is not their spouse (husband attitudes towards one that looks at a woman lustfully has already
 or wife). sex before marriage committed adultery with her in his heart. ” Matthew
 5:27-28
3 Family planning ❑ Controlling how many children couples have and when
 they have them. 3 Traditional Muslim ❑ Islam teaches faithfulness in marriage. Adultery is a
 attitudes towards serious sin. “And do not go anywhere near adultery: it
 sex before marriage is an outrage, and is an evil path.” (Qur’an)
4 Civil partnership ❑ Legal union of same-sex couples.
 4 Traditional Muslim ❑ In Muslim countries under Shari’ah law, the
 attitudes towards punishment for adultery conviction is death by
5 Cohabitation ❑ A couple living together and having a sexual sex before marriage stoning.
 relationship without being married to one another.

2 Religious teachings on human sexual relationships 4 Types of families
1 Traditional Roman ❑ The Roman Catholic Church is against homosexual 1 Nuclear Two parents with their own biological or adopted
 Catholic Christian acts. They believe homosexual people should remain children.
 attitudes on celibate to avoid sinful acts.
 homosexuality 2 Extended A family unit including extra relatives such as
 grandparents living together.
2 Traditional C of E ❑ The Church of England welcomes homosexual Single Parent One parent with his or her own child. This could be due to
 Christian attitudes Christians who live in a faithful, committed 3
 bereavement, or the end of a relationship between the
 on homosexuality relationship, but they are not allowed to marry in
 parents, for example.
 church.
3 Traditional Muslim ❑ Some Muslims believe homosexuality is against the 4 Same-sex parents Parents of the same gender. They could have adopted, or
 attitudes on will of God, as this is stated in the Qur’an and the one could be the biological parent of the child/children.
 homosexuality Hadith.
 ❑ In most Islamic countries, homosexuality is against the 5 Reconstituted/ At least one of the couple has at least one child from a
 law and the law of God. blended previous relationship living with them.

 AUTHOR: LHA JANUARY 2021 Ambition Determination Respect 23

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Biological systems

 11 Expiration ❑ Breathing out.
Keywords/ terms ❑ Diaphragm relaxes and moves down.
 ❑ Intercostal muscles relax.
1 Function of the skeleton ❑ Protection of vital organs. ❑ Ribcage move in and down.
 ❑ Support. ❑ Pressure in thorax increases, volume decreases.
 ❑ Making blood cells.
 ❑ Movement. 12 Central nervous system ❑ Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
 (CNS)
2 Muscles ❑ Are attached to bones with tendons.
 ❑ Muscles contract causing our bones to move.
 13 Receptor ❑ Cells that detect stimuli e.g. receptors in ears, eyes,
3 Antagonistic muscle ❑ A pair of muscles that work against each other. nose, skin, tongue.
 pairs ❑ When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
 14 Sensory neurones ❑ Carries information as electrical impulses from the
 receptor to the CNS.
4 Diffusion ❑ The movement of particles from an area of high
 concentration to an area of low concentration.
 15 Motor neurone ❑ Carries electrical impulses from the CNS to the
5 The respiratory system ❑ Inside the lungs: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, effectors.
 alveoli.
 ❑ Lungs. 16 Effectors ❑ Respond to electrical impulses.
 ❑ Ribcage. ❑ Can be a muscle or a gland.
 ❑ Diaphragm.
6 Gas exchange ❑ Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood 17 Respiration ❑ A chemical reaction that releases energy.
 stream.
 ❑ Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into
 the alveoli. 18 Aerobic respiration ❑ Chemical reaction that uses glucose and oxygen,
7 Lung adaptations ❑ Moist. converted it into water and carbon dioxide.
 ❑ Good blood supply. ❑ Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water.
 ❑ Contains alveoli, which give a large surface area.
8 Ventilation ❑ The process of breathing in and out. 19 Anaerobic reaction ❑ Respiration in the absence of oxygen.
 ❑ Glucose -> lactic acid.
9 Inspiration ❑ Breathing in.
 ❑ Diaphragm contracts and moves down.
 ❑ Intercostal muscles contract.
 ❑ Ribcage moves up and out.
 ❑ Pressure in thorax decreases, volume increases. AUTHOR: NCN 2019

 Ambition Determination Respect 24

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Reactions
 ❑ A reaction that releases heat energy.
Keywords/ terms 14 Exothermic reaction

1 Atom ❑ The smallest unit that makes up matter. 15 Evaluation of ❑ Suggesting improvements for a scientific method to
 ❑ Contains protons, neutrons and electrons. method reduces sources of error.
2 Element ❑ Substance made up of only one type of atom. 16 Hypothesis ❑ A prediction of what you think will happen in an
 investigation.
3 Compound ❑ Two or more elements chemically bonded together. 17 Independent ❑ The variable that you change in an investigation.
 variable
4 Mixture ❑ Different elements, compounds or molecules mixed 18 Dependent variable ❑ The variable that you measure in an investigation.
 together but not chemically bonded.
 19 Control variables ❑ The variables that you keep the same in an
5 Law of conservation ❑ In a chemical reaction , atoms are not created or
 investigation so that your results are valid.
 of mass destroyed only re-arranged.
 20 Effect of surface area ❑ The greater the surface area, the higher the rate of
6 Thermal ❑ A chemical reaction where a substance is broken
 reaction.
 decomposition down by heating.
7 Combustion ❑ Scientific name for burning a fuel.
8 Collision Theory ❑ Particles must bump into each other with enough
 energy for a reaction to take place. 21. Structure of an atom 22. Activation energy
 Energy required by particles in order
9 Effect of ❑ The higher the temperature the faster the rate of for a reaction to take place
 temperature on rate reaction.
 of reaction
10 Effect of ❑ The higher the concentration the higher the rate of
 concentration on reaction.
 the rate of reaction
11 Effect of surface ❑ The greater the surface area, the higher the rate of
 area reaction. 23. Word Equation
12 Catalyst ❑ Substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction Reactants ---------------→ Products
 without being used up or changed in the reaction.
13 Endothermic ❑ A reaction that takes in heat energy. AUTHOR: NCN 2019
 reaction

 Ambition Determination Respect 25

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Atomic structure

1. Key Words 2. Properties of sub-atomic 3. Using the periodic table
1 Atom ❑ The smallest possible piece of an particles Number Is the… Found by..
 element. Has a radius of 0.1nm (or 1x10- of..
 10m) Relative Relative
 Particle Location Protons ❑ Atomic ❑ Smaller
 mass charge
2 Element ❑ A substance in which all the atoms have (proton) number on
 the same atomic number Proton ❑ 1 ❑ +1 ❑ Nucleus number periodic
 Neutron ❑ 1 ❑ 0 ❑ Nucleus table
3 Isotope ❑ Atoms with the same number of protons
 but different numbers of neutrons Electron ❑ 0 ❑ -1 ❑ Shells Electrons ❑ Atomic ❑ Smaller
 (proton) number on
4 Molecule ❑ Two or more atoms bonded together number periodic
5 Compound ❑ Two or more different atoms bonded table
 together Neutrons ❑ Difference ❑ Big number
6 Mixture ❑ At least two different elements or between the – small
 compounds together. Can be separated atomic mass number
 easily and atomic
 number
7 Nucleus ❑ The centre of an atom. Contains protons
 and neutrons
8 Proton ❑ A positively charged particle found in the
 nucleus
9 Neutron ❑ A neutral particle found in the nucleus.
 4. History of the atom
 ❑ Has no charge Discovery By Model
10 Electron ❑ A negatively charged particle found in
 energy levels (shells) around the nucleus ❑ Solid particle called ❑ John Dalton ❑ Particle: solid spheres
 atom
 ❑ The electron ❑ JJ Thompson ❑ Plum pudding: positive ‘cake’ with negative ‘plums’
 10
 ❑ Nucleus ❑ Rutherford ❑ Nuclear: Positive nucleus surrounded by electrons
 9
 8 ❑ Neutron ❑ James Chadwick ❑ Nuclear: Now with protons and neutrons in nucleus
 7
 ❑ Energy levels (shells) ❑ Niels Bohr ❑ Planetary: Electrons now ‘orbit’ in different shells

 AUTHOR: NCN 2019

 Ambition Determination Respect 26

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Atomic structure

5. Electron arrangement rules
1. ❑ Always fill from the inside to the outside
2. ❑ The first shell can only hold 2 electrons No. of 8. Layout of the periodic table
 Period
 shells
3. ❑ The second and third can hold 8
 Groups
 1 1
6. History of the Periodic Table
Invented by ❑ Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist. 2 2

Arranged ❑ In order of atomic mass, and by their chemical
 properties 3 3

What was special ❑ Predicted the existence of other elements not
about it? discovered, and left gaps for them in his table 4 4

Why was it used? ❑ New elements were discovered that matched
 these gaps 5 5

 6 6

7. Properties – metals and non-metals
 7 7
Property Metals Non-metals
 ❑ High (they feel ❑ Low (they feel light for their TL/DR:
Density
 heavy for their size) size)
 Group number
 Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Strength ❑ Strong ❑ Weak Tells you’re the
 number of outer Electrons in outer shell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 ❑ Malleable (they
Malleable or ❑ Brittle (they break or electrons
 bend without Charge of ion +1 +2 +3 N/A -3 -2 -1 N/A
brittle shatter when hammered)
 breaking) Period number
 Tells you how Number of covalent
 N/A N/A N/A 4 3 2 1 N/A
Conduction of many shells bonds
 ❑ Good ❑ Poor (they are insulators)
heat N/A = not applicable (does not do it)
Conduction of ❑ Poor (they are insulators)
 ❑ Good AUTHOR: NCN 2019
electricity apart from graphite

 Ambition Determination Respect 27

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Trends in groups and separation techniques

9. Properties – Groups 1 and 7
Group 1 (I) Melting Density Reactivity Group 7 (VII) Melting Density Reactivity Group 0 (VIII) Melting Density Reactivity
 point point point
Lithium (Li) Decreases Increases Increases Fluorine (F) Increases Increases Decreases Helium (He) Increases Increases INERT
 down the down the down the down the down the down the down the down the
Sodium Chlorine (Cl) Neon (Ne)
 group group group group group group group group (DO NOT
(Na)
 REACT)
Potassium Bromine (Br) Argon (Ar)
(K)
Rubidium Iodine (I) Xenon (Xe)
(Rb)

10. Common separation techniques
1. Chromatography
❑ Used to separate a mixture of dyes in ink.
2. Filtration
❑ Used to separate insoluble solids from liquids (e.g. sand from water).
3. Evaporation
❑ Used to separate a soluble salt from solution. The solution is heated strongly in an evaporating basin until dry crystals are left.
4. Crystallisation
❑ Used to separate a soluble salt from solution. The solution is heated gently in an evaporating basin until crystals form; the remaining liquid is filtered out.
5. Simple distillation
❑ Is used to separate a liquid from a solution – e.g. water from ink. A condenser is used to cool hot gas until it forms a liquid.
6. Fractional distillation
❑ Used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.

 AUTHOR: NCN 2019

 Ambition Determination Respect 28

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Structure and bonding

1. Key Words
1 Ionic bond ❑ When a metal donates electrons to a non-metal
 forming opposite charged ions that are attracted to
 each other 2. The process of ionic bonding +
2 Covalent bond ❑ A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals
 -
3 Metallic bond ❑ Positive metal ions in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons

4 Ions ❑ Charged atoms which have either gained or lost
 electrons
5 Electrons ❑ Negative particles found in the shells of atoms 1 2 3 4
6 Group 0 ❑ The unreactive ‘noble gases’ all elements aim to get
 to group 0 electron configuration when they react No Name Electron Charge Electron configuration Does it have a full
 movement outer shell?
7 Dot and cross ❑ The simplest way we show the bonding in atoms
 1 ❑ Sodium atom ❑ 0 ❑ 0 ❑ 2,8,1 ❑ No
 diagrams
8 Polymer ❑ A long chain molecule made up of repeating
 2 ❑ Chlorine atom ❑ 0 ❑ 0 ❑ 2,8,7 ❑ No
 monomers
9 Monomer ❑ The small molecules that join together to make 3 ❑ Sodium ion ❑ Lost 1 ❑ +1 ❑ 2,8 ❑ Yes
 polymers
 4 ❑ Chloride ion ❑ Gained 1 ❑ -1 ❑ 2,8,8 ❑ Yes
10 Delocalised ❑ Electrons which are free to move anywhere

11 Alloy ❑ A mixture of a metal and another element to change
 its properties

3. The process of covalent bonding
1 Non metals share their outer unpaired electrons

2 Now all outer shell spaces appear full

3 There is no change in charge. They remain uncharged AUTHOR: NCN 2019

 Ambition Determination Respect 29

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Structure and bonding

4. Metallic bonding 6. Polymers
1 ❑ Metal atoms 1 ❑ Ethene
2 ❑ Positive metal ions 2 ❑ Poly(ethene) “polythene”
3 ❑ ‘Sea’ of delocalised electrons 3 ❑ A very large number
 4 ❑ A double bond
 5 ❑ A single bond

 2
 5
 3 4

 3
 1 2
 1 3 7. General properties of different substances
 Property Ionic compounds Small covalent Giant covalent Metals and alloys
5. State symbols molecules structures
 Density ❑ High ❑ Low ❑ High ❑ High
Symbol Meaning Example
 Melting and boiling ❑ High ❑ Low ❑ High ❑ High
 point
❑ (s) ❑ Solid ❑ Gold
 Conduct electricity ❑ Only melted or ❑ No ❑ No (apart from ❑ Yes
 dissolved in water graphite)
❑ (l) ❑ Liquid ❑ Water
 Conduct heat ❑ No ❑ No ❑ No (apart from ❑ Yes
 diamond)
❑ (g) ❑ Gas ❑ Hydrogen
 Brittle or malleable ❑ Brittle ❑ N/A ❑ Brittle ❑ Malleable

❑ (aq) ❑ Aqueous ❑ Salt solution Examples ❑ Salt (sodium ❑ Chlorine ❑ Diamond ❑ Iron
 ❑ (dissolved in water) chloride) ❑ Oxygen ❑ Graphite ❑ Steel
 ❑ Magnesium Sulfate ❑ Sand

 AUTHOR: NCN 2019
 Ambition Determination Respect 30

Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9- Structure and bonding

8. The structure and bonding of carbon
Name of structure Diamond Graphite Graphene + Fullerene
❑ Number of bonds ❑4 ❑3 ❑3
❑ Any delocalised electrons? ❑ no ❑ yes ❑ Yes

❑ Hardness ❑ Very hard ❑ soft ❑ Flexible and strong
❑ Conduct electricity ❑ No ❑ yes ❑ Yes
❑ Melting point ❑ Very high ❑ High ❑ High
❑ Uses ❑ Gems ❑ Electrodes ❑ Electronics
 ❑ Drill bits ❑ Pencils ❑ Nanotubes

 AUTHOR: NCN 2019

 Ambition Determination Respect 31

Spanish Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser
 Year 9

AUTHOR: LAS JULY 2020 Ambition Determination Respect 32