YOJANA GIST KingMakers IAS Academy
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KingMakers IAS Academy
YOJANA GIST
JANUARY 2019
0KingMakers IAS Academy
SI NO TOPIC PG NO
1 INNOVATION MAKES DIFFERENCE 2
2 INNOVATIONS IN SERVICE OF SOCEITY 2
3 TECHNOLOGY FOR FARMERS WELFARE 5
4 SPACE PROGRAMMES SPIN OFFS FOR HUMANITY 6
5 KNOWLEDGE BASED REVOLUTION 8
6 IMPROVING GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC SYSTEMS 9
7 TRANSFORMING PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN INDIA 11
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1. INNOVATION MAKES DIFFERENCE
WHY WE NEEDS INNOVATION
Innovation has been at the heart of all progress of mankind, like discovery of
fire, wheel, weapons for hunting each one develop from an idea or observation.
In recent times also innovation has taken place in almost every sphere
touching mankind, agriculture, space science, biotechnology, healthcare and
education.
Innovation plays a critical role in shaping the industrial and firm
competitiveness of any nation
IMPACT OF INNOVATION IN INDIA
Green revolution help convert India into a food sufficient nation from food
scarce nation, before green revolution India has to depend on supplies from abroad
to feed its hungry population.
Space science has innovation in satellites and launch vehicles have further
boosted India's credentials in the world arena as evident from the mangalyan
mission.
INNOVATION TO BECOME REALITY
Innovation has to make a difference to society but they should not be
restricted to individual efforts of scientists and research fellows.
The innovative sprit in each one of us has to be nurtured from very beginning
and young Minds taught to think out of box rather than just get through with rote
learning.
Innovation does not occur in silos, however just offering institutional
support will not suffice, it is equally crucial to ensure that the operating firms are
aware of different institutional support mechanism and able to access them.
2.INNOVATIONS IN SERVICE OF SOCEITY
WHY WE NEED TECHNOLOGY
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Technology forms the subtext of human development, history has shown
instance of technology serving as catalyst in the grand narrative of human
Development
From the basic necessities like food, air, water, clothing and shelter to
structural requirements like security, technology has played a tremendous role in
every field of human growth and survival.
STAGES OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
First Industrial Revolution period which witness the emergence of
steam engine, textile industry and Mechanical engineering
Second Industrial Revolution was about emergence of Railways and
steel industry
Third Industrial Revolution about electrical engine, heavy chemicals,
automobiles and consumer durables
Fourth industrial revolution is about development in the oil and the IT
industry
INTERNET OF THINGS
Internet of things is the single most technology which has helped to change
the face of the world within few years.
This one innovation has actually lead to various other innovation, internet
could be branded as one technology which connected the world and has changed
various practices of human survival from education to healthcare
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence is another technology has been there for many years and
presently found making lot of impact on the developmental cycle in various
disciplines
Artificial intelligence could bring in various advantages in many fields
associated with human growth and progress
MAINS
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1) Examine the scope of artificial intelligence in India, discuss the
challenges in the widespread use of internet of things (IOT)?
PRELIMS
1) Consider the following statements on International thermonuclear
experimental reactor (ITER)
(1) ITER will be the first fusion device to produce nuclear energy, located in
southern France
(2) European union, china, japan are the members while India is yet to join.
ANS
A) 1only
B) 2only
c) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
2) Consider the following statements on Helium 3
(1) Helium 3 is found abundant in the moon, can be used as a source for waste
free nuclear energy
(2) Chandrayan-2 consist of orbiter, and lander only
ANS
A) 1only
B) 2onlly
c) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
3) Consider the following statements on internet of things (IOT)
(1It is connecting different sensors to a network
(2) Centre for excellence for Iot will be developed in Vishakhapatnam to
promote excellence in the field of Iot
ANS
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A) 1only
B) 2onlly
c) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
3.TECHNOLOGY FOR FARMERS WELFARE
WHY WE NEED TECHNOLOGY IN FARMING
Farming is both a way of life and means to livelihood for nearly 60% of our
population, basic difficulties of farmers can overcome only if integrated attention is
given to pricing, procurement and Public Distribution.
Most unfavourable impact of climate change will be high temperature,
variation in precipitation and rise in sea level, to rectify this we need precision
agriculture, below sea level rice cultivation.
Agrarian distress is mainly due to lower output for their products, on one hand
input cost is increasing while output is fluctuating, farmers must aware of mandi
prices, right crops for their land.
EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY IN FARMING
Wheat production in India in 1947 is 7 million tonnes to 100 million tonnes
in 2018, such an impressive progress has been rendered possible due to interaction
between technology and public policy.
Green revolution changes the entire nature of production from food scarce
country in to food exporting country make India self-sufficient in food production.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY
Pesticides like DDT have long term impact on earth because of their long
residual toxicity, farmers are not aware of how to use the pesticides as evident
from the recent death in Maharashtra.
Technological input for farming is costly and it is affordable by only rich
farmers, inputs like tractors, drip irrigation create divide.
WAY FORWARD
Before taking the new technology to the field is this important that they are
assessed for the positive as well as potentially side effects.
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New innovations are essential to overcome new challenges like those arising
from climate change, increase in temperature, change in nature of rainfall, the future
belongs to nation which gives importance to grains Rather than guns
Not to condemn or prise any technology, but choose the one which can
take us to the desired goal sustainably, safely and economically.
4.SPACE PROGRAMMES SPIN OFFS FOR HUMANITY
IMPACT OF SPACE PROGRAMME
Indian space programme started nearly 20 years later than in developed
countries, but it emerged as dark horse in space programme.
Indian launch vehicles make PSLV; GSLV has proven track record and cost-
effectiveness so that even developed countries are approaching ISRO for
launching their satellites.
Launch of mangalyan a space probe to orbit mars, India is the first nation in
the world to do so in first attempt and first Asian country shows India’s capability in
the world arena.
IMPORTANCE OF SPACE
Space is going to be next frontier of human exploration and presence of
humans in outer space and planet is going to be the next challenge.
Today's knowledge society is totally dependent on digital connectivity, space
is supporting the needs of country in the area of high speed digital connectivity.
Advanced satellites with higher data throughput and coverage to every nook
and corner of the country is the need of an hour, very useful in disaster
management, cyclone warning
WAY FORWARD
Space based services are efficient but expensive, for country with quarter of
population living below poverty line we need to ensure that every rupee spent
should for the development purpose only.
Use of new propulsion system, using less expensive fuel like kerosene would
bring down cost, use of indigenous equipment’s.
MAINS
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2) Indian human space flight programme (HSP) is the need of hour for
country like India, critically analyse?
3) Comment how the outer space became the battle ground for superpower
in respect with recent china’s launch on far side of moon?
PRELIMS
4) Which of the following are not necessarily needed for the human space
flight?
A) Life support system
B) Crew escape system
C) Improvement in the reliability of launch vehicle
D) Polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV)
5) Consider the following statements on online portal “ENSURE”?
(1) Entrepreneurship development and Employment generation (EDEG)
provides subsidy payment for activities related to poultry, small ruminants
through DBT.
(2) NABARD developed online portal “ENSURE” to make it transparent,
operated under department of animal husbandry
ANS
A) 1only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
6) Consider the following
(1) Department of Science and technology is a nodal agency for implementing
the Nano mission.
(2) Nanotechnology deals with variety of application in medical, space, and
telecommunication field.
(1) ANS
A) 1only
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B) 2 only
C) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
5.KNOWLEDGE BASED REVOLUTION
INDIA LAND OF KNOWLEDGE
India, over the centuries have never had a dearth of great thinkers, scientist
engineers, innovators, philosophers and artists, Indians intellectual capabilities
are second to none.
Sundar Pichai, Satya nadella are leaders in some of the largest and most
innovative companies of the world like Google, Microsoft.
WHY INNOVATION LACKING IN INDIA
Access to Innovative ecosystem in developed countries has allowed them
to realise their aspirations and converts their dream into reality which is not
possible in India at the current juncture.
150 Million Youth of India entering the workforce not had enough technical
knowledge, in India only 3% of workforce is skilled but in South Korea 97% of
the workforce is skilled
GOVERMENTS EFFORT
Atal innovation mission (AIM) focus is to create and promote a world-class
Innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem, also transformers job seekers to job
creators of the future
Practical knowledge, access to tinkering with latest tools and technologies
ignites the imagination of Children's as they learn to apply abstract concept learn
in the classroom to real world solutions.
Trigger some problem solving innovative mind set in the school students; Atal
incubation initiative is to create world class incubators to support burgeoning
number of start-ups in the country.
WAY FORWARD
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Corporates and SMEs can adapt Atal tinkering labs and coach the students in
the problem solving, prototyping, triggering small innovation.
India got left behind in the industrial revolution that swept the world in the last
century, but India does have a unique opportunity to contribute in the knowledge
based Revolution that is sweeping the world today.
6.IMPROVING GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC SYSTEMS
INNOVATION IN GOVERNANCE
Public system tend to adopt innovations which enhances service delivery,
increase efficiency, and ensure cost reduction service
Service innovations, Bharath interface for money (BHIM) which
enables e-payments directly through banks.
Administrative innovation, target to change the hierarchical structures
and administrative routines in the government like (e-NAM)
Policy innovation bring about systematic culture of nurturing fresh
ideas, like national policy on biofuel
WHY WE NEED INNOVATION
Help us to better understanding of how people live their lives how services
are used to improve them.
Help to the find new insights into what people need, to end up with a clearly
defined solution to the problem.
In order to realize the true potential of India at current juncture, we need
innovation in every field by giving minimum input and gets maximum output.
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES IN INDIA
ECOSAN, an initiative that is one of its kinds, offers an economical and simple
to use option in contrast to conventional waste transfer method where the human
excreta and body waste do not go waste.
ECOSAN toilets are much more helpful in flood prone areas it is completely
sealed and not resulting in overflow.
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Use of plastic waste in road construction ensure enhanced load carrying
strength, water resistant, negligible maintenance cost and reduction of bituminous
consumption by 10%.
Establishment of vision centres in rural village with tele-opthamology
connectivity with Base Hospital, Aravind eye care system in Madurai (Tamil
Nadu) successfully implemented this.
PRELIMS
7) Consider the following statements
(1) MANAK world's biggest Idea and innovation competition for school
children jointly implemented by Department of Science and Technology and
national innovation fund (NIF).
(2) Global initiative of academic network (GIAN) in higher education aims to
connect Indian academies with international talent pool of scientists and
entrepreneurs by inviting them to teach and participate in research in Indian
Higher Education Institutions.
ANS
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1&2
D) Neither 1nor2
8) Consider the following statements
(1) Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) is a 1 year Life
Insurance Scheme, renewable year to year offering coverage for death due to
accident only, premium 330 Rupees per annum
(2) Administered by LIC and other private insurance company, available to
people in the age group 18 to 50 years old
ANS
A) 1only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
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MAINS
1) Atal innovation mission (AIM) will provide answer to the India’s low ranking
in the global innovation index, elucidate your answer?
2) Whether innovative practices like ECOSAN and construction of roads using
plastic will have any impact on the larger picture, critically evaluate?
7.TRANSFORMING PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN INDIA
NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT
With rapid growth of population in the cities and increase in motor vehicles, the
urban space in India for creation of necessary infrastructure is shrinking every
year.
An average of 60,000 vehicles are sold every day in India, consistent
growth of population is further widening the gap between the demand and supply
of public transport.
TRADITIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Traditional means of transport are out dated and carry only limited capacity,
in addition contributing to pollution and climate change.
The people struck in office, billions of productive working hours are last
every year, traditional transport mostly uses petroleum products result in high
import thereby affecting economy and environment
METRO RAIL PANACEA FOR UNHINDERED TRAFFIC
Metro rail one of the most popular transit is a form of public transport that
operates exclusive right of way and carries a large number of commuters.
Operates on non-pollutant energy and is mostly preferable in the densely
populated urban spaces, completely changed the way urban mobility needs are
met.
DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation)
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Introduction of metro alone does not ensure it successful operation we must
constantly update the system to match the changing needs of commuters as
evident from the Delhi Metro.
Delhi Metro was the first to introduce contactless tokens for single journey,
metro equipped with unattended train operation mode, which enables a
possibility of operating trains without drivers.
Delhi Metro introduced the highly sophisticated communication based train
control system(CBTC) facilitates higher frequency of train operations, Delhi Metro
became the first railway project in the world to win Carbon credits.
WAY FORWARD
Success of Delhi metro depends on innovative practices and changing
according to the circumstances, other metros need to follow.
Use highly engaging theatre arts such as Nukkad Natak and the puppet
shows to raise awareness
Use of reverse countdown clock indicating the schedule for opening of
each section where put up in all offices to constantly remind the time left to
complete the work.
PRELIMS
9) Which of the following schemes not related to MSME sector?
A) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMJY)
B) Prime minister employment guarantee programme
C) ASPIRE scheme
D) Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana. (PMSBY)
8) Consider the following statements
(1) Atal Pension Yojana (APY) open to all Bank account holders, Central
government is contributing 50 percentages of total contribution or Rs 1000
per year,
(2)Minimum age of joining Atal Pension Yojana 18 years and maximum age is
40 years.
ANS
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A) 1only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
MAINS
1) Indian transportation system is under the control of various authority
results in chaos, comment?
2) Metro rail project is the panacea for the rapid urbanization in India, critically
evaluate?
PRELIMS ANSWER
1) A India is also a member
2) A Chandrayan-2 consist of orbiter, lander and rover
3) C Both 1&2
4) For human space flight GSLV MK111,PSLV not capable
5) C
6) C also in food processing, environmental protection
7) C
8) A Coverage for death due to any reason
9) D
10) C
.
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