Calorimetry for the EIC - R&D Needs - Thomas Ullrich Calorimeter Workshop March 15-16, 2021

Calorimetry for the EIC - R&D Needs

 Thomas Ullrich
 Calorimeter Worksho

 March 15-16, 2021

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Generic EIC Detector R&D Efforts
Generic EIC Detector R&D Program (covered next)
Project Funded (a.k.a targeted) EIC R&D Program (covered later)

Other substantial efforts with impact on EIC
• Laboratory Directed Research & Development Programs (LDRDs) at National Labs in the US
 (BNL, JLAB, ANL)
• CERN/LHC
 ‣ CERN EP department has launched a strategic R&D program on technologies for future
 experiments. Only partial match with EIC needs (e.g. WP3 Calorimetry and light based
 detectors)
 ‣ Note: Old R&D (e.g. RD52) program started in 1990s now obsolete (see http://
 committees.web.cern.ch/Committees/obsolete/DRDC/Projects.html)
 ‣ LHC Experiments R&D for phase-I upgrades, especially ALICE (TPC, ITS, SAMPA) and
 LHCb (RICH, trigger less DAQ). Now in production, R&D finished.
• R&D at Belle-II and Panda (crystals, DIRC, …)
• ILC related R&D (e.g. CALICE)
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Generic EIC Detector R&D Program
• Started 2011 BNL, in association with JLab and the DOE Office of NP
• Funded by DOE through RHIC operations funds
• Program explicitly open to international participation
• Goals of Effort
 ‣ Quantify the key physics requirements that drive instrumentation
 ‣ Develop instrumentation solutions that meet realistic cost expectations
 ‣ Stimulate the formation of user collaborations to design and build experiments
• Advisory Committee consisting of internationally recognized experts
• Focus initially on ‘generic’ R&D turning more targeted over the years
• Over 281 participants from 75 institutions (37 non-US)
 URL: https://wiki.bnl.gov/conferences/index.php/EIC_R%25D
Current: Marcel Demarteau (ANL, chair), Carl Haber (LBNL), Peter Krizan (Ljubljana),
Ian Shipsey (Oxford), Rick Van Berg (UPenn), Jerry Va’vra (SLAC), Glenn Young (JLab)
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Generic R&D: Supported Calorimeter Projects
• RD 2012-13: Pre-Shower Detector for Forward EM Calorimeters
 ‣ Completed 2013/14
• eRD1
 ‣ Consortium formed in 2013 to encapsulate all efforts on calorimetry
 ‣ New calorimeter projects were encouraged to work within eRD1
 ‣ Funding to consortium but with prioritization of sub-projects by Committee leaving
 certain amount of freedom to shifting moderate funds if needed
 ‣ BNL, JLab, CUA, Caltech, Indiana U., UI Urbana-Champaign, INFN Genova, IPN
 Orsay, UCLA, UC Riverside, MIT, UNAB (Chile), IHEP Protvino, MEPHI
 (Russia), AANL (Armenia)

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Generic R&D: eRD1 (I)
• W-plate accordion-shaped EMC calorimeter (2011-2014)
 ‣ crucial: mechanical tolerances of the accordion-shaped W-plates
• BSO crystal calorimeter (2011-2014)
 ‣ crucial: low yield of high-quality crystals
• LYSO crystal calorimeter (2013)
• W-powder/scintillating fiber SPACAL EMC calorimeter (2013-present)
 ‣ Reaching energy resolution of 10%/sqrt(E) in 2015
 ‣ Start of development of Tungsten-Fiber EMCal for sPHENIX in 2016
 ‣ Committee 2018: “The Committee takes note that the fiber-tungsten EM
 Calorimeter development has now led to working prototypes with good energy
 and position resolution plus a choice of readout technology, all coupled with levels
 of radiation hardness that would result in a capable EM calorimeter for the barrel
 and hadron-going directions at an EIC. eRD1 is to be congratulated on this
 achievement.”
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Generic R&D: eRD1 (II)
• W-powder/scintillating fiber SPACAL EMC calorimeter (2013-present)
 ‣ Current: Continue efforts for improving the uniformity of response across the W/
 SciFi matrix
• Calorimetry using PbWO4 (2014 - present)
 ‣ Collaboration with PANDA and manufacturer (CRYTUR, SICCAS)
 ‣ Testing of crystals and feedback with manufacturers
• Scintillating Glass (2018 - present)
 ‣ Samples of 2x2x4 cm 3 of two scintillating glass types, with excellent surface
 quality, good transparency and absence of bubbles in 2019
 ‣ Larger samples 2x2x20 cm 3 (early 2020) and 2x2x40 cm 3 (late 2020)
• Sashlik Calorimeter (2015-present)
 ‣ Concept: Simulations on possible improvements
 ‣ Development using W-Cu plates to realize a compact shashlik EMCal
 ‣ Overall funding moderate as Sashlik is well established technology
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Generic R&D: eRD1 (III)
• HCAL (2018-present)
 ‣ Study the timing of the signals. Compare the time-integral of the early-time
 component of the signal vs the total time integral as a discriminant between
 electrons and hadrons.
 ‣ Study shower containment in combined Electromagnetic and Hadronic
 calorimeters considered for the hadron endcap. The configurations studied
 included (W/SciFi and Shashlik) EMCalorimeters and an Fe/Scintillator sandwich
 design for the hadronic compartment
• Many more
 ‣ Beam test at FNAL from test modules for the EICBarrel-EMCal, the STAR-
 Forward-Upgrade-EMCal, and the EIC-HCal
 ‣ SiPM Radiation damage tests (STAR data run)
 ‣ … apologies to those I didn’t mention …
• Total funding of eRD1 ~$1.53M (over 10 years)
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Next Steps: Context
• Generic R&D Program as described ends September 30, 2021
• January 2021:
 ‣ Release of CDR: contains description of reference detector concept
 ‣ CD-1 Review (R&D plan presented)
• March 2021:
 ‣ EIC Community release Yellow Report that provides comprehensive
 set of science requirements and detector concepts
 ‣ Call for Detector Proposals
• > March 2021
 ‣ At least two collaborations/proposals
 ‣ Detector selection December 2021
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EIC Project: R&D Planning
 • DOE Mandated: Focus on R&D to reduce risks for technologies that are chosen for
 the baseline (general-purpose) detector (a.k.a. targeted R&D)
 • Several alternatives technologies are on the table and discussed in Yellow Report
 • Final detector & technology choices by collaborations will focus and sharpen the
 process.

Barrel
 Vertex Tracking-Main Tracking-A PID Tracking-B ECAL HCAL
 (D)MAPS Vertex

 TPC High performance DIRC (New) Pb/Sc Shashlyk
 20 m pitch
 Fe/Sc
 Reference Detector

 Cylindrical RWELL Tracker DIRC (Reuse of Babar Bars) SciGlass
 10 m pitch (D)MAPS Tracker Pb/Sc
 High Resolution ToF Cylindrical MMG Tracker W powder/ScFi
 Cylindrical MMG Tracker
 radius RPC/DHCAL
 Cylindrical RWELL Tracker W/Sc Shashlyk
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EIC Project: R&D Planning
 Forward
 Tracking-M Tracking-1 PID Tracking-2 ECAL HCAL
 (D)MAPS Disks dRICH TOF
 W powder/ScFi Fe/Sc
 20 m pitch

 Lightweight GEM aerogel RICH Lightweight GEM SciGlass RPC/DHCAL
 GEMs with Cr Tracker Tracker Pb/Sc
 electrodes TRD (GEM) uorocarbon gaseous RICH Pb/Sc Shashlyk
 MMG miniTPC
 high pressure Ar RICH MMG W/Sc Shashlyk
 Tracker
 Tracker

 Backward

 Tracking-M Tracking-1 h-PID e/h iECAL oECAL HCAL
 (D)MAPS Disks Lightweight GEM mRICH (aerogel)
 Tracker Fe/Sc
 20 m pitch PbWO4 SciGlass

 GEMs with Cr MMG TRD (GEM)
 HBD SciGlass PbWO4 RPC/DHCAL Pb/Sc
 electrodes Tracker

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fl
 
 

Projected R&D Needs (I)
Project (Targeted) R&D:
• ECAL Sc. Glass & Crystals (Backward EMCAL)
 ‣ demonstrate scale up of SciGlass to block sizes ≥15 X0 and establish SciGlass
 characteristics with beam tests
 ‣ realistic full chain prototype (Sc Glass & PbWO4)
• W/ScFi EMCal and Fe/Sc HCal (Forward)
 ‣ MC optimization hadron endcap calorimeter system optimization
 ‣ Construction and test of a full chain prototype of W/ScFi + Fe/Sc calorimeter
 system
• W(Pb)/Shashlik (Barrel)
 ‣ full chain prototype
 ‣ optimization of light output
• HCAL Fe/Sc (Barrel)
 ‣ full chain prototype prototype
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Projected R&D Needs (II)
Generic - Alternatives
• W/SciFi (Barrel)
 ‣ optimizing light collection, uniformity of response
 ‣ full chain prototype

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R&D Needs (III)
Generic - Future Updates and Improvements :
• CSGlass for Hadronic Calorimetry
 ‣ demonstration of CSGlass with sufficient UV transparency for Cherenkov light
 collection
 ‣ demonstration of clear separation of Cherenkov and Scintillation light of sufficient
 intensity
 ‣ characterization of CSGlass in the lab and with test beam R&D prototypes.
 ‣ critical: formulation optimization and production of CSGlass test samples

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Cost & Schedule of All R&D (from CD-1 Review)
 R&D Reference Detector:
 Critical R&D
 • Current efforts in community
 investigate various alternative option
 + Alt. technologies for risk
 reduction that reduce risk and enhance
 + Enhanced science reach performance
 5000k
 • In case of selection of different
 4000k technologies bu collaborations, R&D
 pre plans will have to be adapted
R&D Cost/FY

 lim
 ina
 3000k
 ry - su • Substantial room/need for generic
 bje R&D
 2000k ct to c
 han • Paths are being pursued to continue
 ge a generic detector R&D program of
 1000k
 scale $1-1.5M/year
 0
 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26

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Summary
 • Generic EIC R&D program
 ‣ Calorimeter R&D is a vital part of the EIC efforts with many active
 participants making good progress on many components vital for an EIC
 detector
 ‣ Needs to continue if EIC wants to stay on edge of technology and
 performance over the long term through upgrades
 • R&D plans for reference detector
 ‣ R&D plan for reference detector in place, as well as plans for feasible
 alternative technologies as well as future opportunities
 ‣ Some changes will come with the ultimate choice of technologies by
 collaboration & project

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