Creating a biomethane market in Ireland - James Browne (B.E., Ph.D.) - Innovation Engineer - Dena
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Creating a biomethane market in Ireland James Browne (B.E., Ph.D.) – Innovation Engineer
Presentation Topics Background Biomethane Resources in Ireland Biomethane Market Overview Gas Quality Standard The Causeway Project Green Gas Certification Project 2
Background
Gas Networks Ireland
• Gas Networks Ireland owns and operates
the transmission and distribution natural
gas network in Ireland.
• Over 13,500 km of gas pipelines
• 2,422Km Transmission Network
• 11,288Km Distribution Network
More than 675,000 gas consumers
• 650,000 homes and 25,000
businesses
• Over 160 population centres present in
19 counties
• Gas Network with Abundant Capacity,
Secure and Reliable supply of energy
Ireland’s Renewable Energy 2020 Commitments
• 16% overall renewable energy by 2020
• 40% electricity;12% heat; 10% transport
• Most progress to date has been in electricity
sector
• Least progress has been in the transport
sector
• The heat sector may have to make up the
short fall from transport
• Renewable Gas will enable Industry to
achieve renewable targets, without the need
to re-invest in alternative infrastructure,
• Industry can help Ireland meet its renewable
heat (RES-H) targets of 12% by 2020 by
Data sourced from SEAI, 2015 “Renewable Heat in Ireland using renewable gas.
to 2020”
Transition to decarbonisation – “Our Vision”
Agri-Food Industry Commitments • Agri-Food companies are “going green” for commercial reasons and corporate social responsibility • There is increasing demand for renewable gas from food and drinks processors • Many large natural gas users and now want to procure “green gas” in the same manner as they buy “green” electricity
Biomethane Resources in Ireland
Potential Renewable Gas Resource in Ireland
80.000
70.000
60.000
50.000
Energy (GWh/annum)
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
Theoretical Renewable Gas Estimated Renewable Gas Current natural gas demand
Resource Production by 2030
Organic Waste Agricultural Manure Grass Natural Gas demand Emerging Sources
Grass biomethane resource in Ireland
Teagasc study by McEniry et al.,
2011 examined Ireland’s potential
to grow additional grass in excess
of livestock fodder requirements.
R. O’Shea et al. 2017 combined the
Teagasc methodology with CSO
data to identify areas with the
largest potential to grow additional
grass for biogas
Other sustainable energy crops
such as energy beet also have
significant potential in IrelandGrass to transport fuel
harvest weigh bridge silage storage
anaerobic
Biogas service station Scrubbing & macerator
digester
storage
Source: energiewerkstatt, IEABiogas from Seaweed
Renewable Gas Network
Cost of Biogas Scenarios for Ireland
• The levellised cost of energy (LCOE) 100
90
for biomethane production can range 80
LCOE (€/MWh)
from €40-€90/MWh depending on the 70
60
scenario 50
40
• Integration of small scale agri biogas 30
is more expensive but has many 20
10
benefits for local economies 0
Integrated Large Scale Agri-Food
• A guaranteed payment for the small scale Agri AD processing AD
biomethane produced is required for Agri AD (Grass)
(Slurry and
investor confidence Grass)
• Renewable Heat Incentive is
expected by fourth quarter of 2017Biomethane Market Overview
Overview of the Biomethane Market Structure
Green Gas
Certificatio
Customer Sector
n
Gas
Purchase
Agreement Gas Shipper /
Supplier
[Renewable
Heat
Incentive]
Biomethane
Producer / Code of
Injection Plant Operations
Operator
Entry Connected Gas Networks
Connection Systems Ireland
Agreement Agreement (Transporter)Parties involved in Renewable Gas to Grid
Biogas Producer & Delivery Facility
Operator (DFO) can be the same entity
Biogas Producer Delivery Facility Operator Gas Transporter
Upgrading
Production and Grid Entry Grid
purification
17Connection Model for Ireland
• GNI following the National Grid
UK “Minimum Connection
Model”
Well developed in GB,
reflects best practice and
applications of lessons
learned.
Competitive; several
competent and capable
technology providers and
operators on the market.
DFO Network Operator
18GNI’s Connection Process
1. Initial Enquiry with preliminary Network
Assessment
2. Detailed Analysis Study
3. Customer Application to Connect
4. Economic Test (if applicable)
5. Impact Assessment
6. Final Technical Assessment & Design
7. Connection Agreement
8. Connected Systems Agreement
9. Build & Installation
10. Sign-up/Register with Shipper(s)
11. Testing & Commission
12. Project close out & Business as usual
19Gas Quality Standard
Gas Quality Appendix 1 – Part G - Code of Operations Gas Quality Specification at an Entry Point ‒ 3The CO2 limit of 2.5% will not be considered breached if the total inerts (including CO2) in the gas is less than 8% where: “inerts” in natural gas means carbon dioxide(CO2), nitrogen(N2), helium(He), argon(Ar), and oxygen(O2). ‒ 4 Natural Gas shall not contain solid liquid or gaseous material which may interfere with the integrity or operation of pipes or any Natural Gas appliance which a consumer or transporter could reasonably be expected to operate. With respect to mist, dust, liquid, gas delivered shall be technically free in accordance with BS3156 11.0 [1998]. ‒ 5 Natural Gas shall have no odour that might contravene the obligation of the Transporter to transmit gas which possesses a distinctive 21 and characteristic odour. Where the Transporter requires gas to be odourised, the gas shall be odourised in accordance with the following specification: - Odour intensity of 2 olfactory degrees on the SALES Scale (Ref- IGE/SR/16/1989), or - such other specification determined by the Transporter acting as an RPO
Continuous Monitoring Required at Network Entry
Facility
Parameter to be monitored • The Delivery Facility Operator (DFO) is
responsible for Controlling Gas Quality
Delivery temperature • GNI is responsible for Assuring Gas Quality
Delivery pressure • Network Entry Facility serves both the DFO and
Biomethane flowrate the Network Operator (GNI)
Wobbe index ‒ Fully integrated into the DFOs Gas
Purification and Process Control system; live
streaming data, automatic interface controls.
Incomplete combustion factor
‒ It will provide interval data (repeat signals) to
Sooting index
GNI Grid Control to provide Assurance of
Gross calorific value quality conformance and consumer
Oxygen (O2) protection.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Includes a Remotely Operated Valve
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) (ROV), required for Network Control.
Water dew temperature
Odorant injection rate
Odorant injection status
ROV status
22Constituents that may requiring routine monitoring
• GNI will conduct a Measurement Impact
POTENTIAL CONSTITUENTS Assessment (MIA) with the DFO as part of the
connection process.
Total Sulphur
‒ Among the expected outputs of this MIA will
Hydrogen Sulphide be identification of constituents that may
only be present in very small quantities, but
Ammonia may require sample monitoring
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Fluoride • DFO must also notify GNI in advance of any
Total halogenated hydrocarbons material change in the type of feedstock;
‒ E.g. a farm based operator obtaining an
Xylenes EPA license to take in Brown Bin waste
Arsenic ‒ MIA may need revising, and increased
Siloxanes, as Silicon monitoring may be required
23Biomethane Key Market Enablers in UK • UK Government support through Renewable Heat Incentive for biomethane included in 2014 • “Class exemption” with respect to oxygen (up to 1% mol) that permits any gas injected into a pipeline, provided it is compliant with all other aspects of GSMR • Gas Transporter Licence Exemption - assisted biomethane to grid sector by enabling producers to own and operate biomethane pipelines less than 7 bar pressure. 24
The Causeway Project
The Causeway Project The project aims to examine the impact of increased levels of CNG fast refill stations and renewable gas injection on the operation of the gas network in Ireland. 14 Fast Fill CNG stations installed; Vehicle fund established to support CNG vehicle acquisition; Renewable gas injection facility; and System operation & behaviour data analysis.
Our vision for CNG in Ireland
• CNG is targeting the bus and truck fleets Total
‒ Over 1,000 HGVs (Truck) Stations
‒ Over 1,000 Large PSV (Bus)
70
‒ Vans also 2026 57
49
• Refuelling Network – Fast Fill CNG 2024 41
‒ Causeway Project – 35
2022 29
GNI delivering 14 High Capacity Fast 23
Fill Stations and 1 Renewable Gas 2020 18
15
injection point in RoI by 2019 2018 10
The Causeway Project is co-financed 4
2016 1
by the European Union's TEN-
T programme 0 50 100
‒ National Network of 70 CNG stations by
2027
‒ 27 Public Access Stations CNG Stations
‒ Min. 8 Renewable Gas injection pointsIreland’s first Biogas to Grid Project
Feedstock
“Soup” = Pig
slurry + food
waste
Biogas Production Biogas Purification & Upgrading
Compressed Gas Biomethane Network
Transport by Road Entry FacilityRenewable Gas Project Timeline
Today
1st Quarter 2017 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter 2018
Design & Procurement Phase Construction & Installation
Fri 20/01/17 - Thu 30/09/17 Wed 23/08/17 - Thu 25/01/18
Biogas to Grid Flow OnGreen Gas Certification Project
Green Gas Certification - GHG Accounting
Typical GHG emissions from different biomethane
sources
• Net Greenhouse gas (GHG)
EU NATURAL GAS
savings from manure
biomethane ~140% relative to
GRASS SILAGE
natural gas (i.e. carbon
negative)
BIOWASTE
• This includes carbon saving
from avoided GHG emissions MANURE
from conventional manure
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
storage as per IPCC guidelines
Net GHG emissions (gCO2/MJ)
• Net GHG savings from
Data sources for biowaste and manure taken from "Solid and
biowaste biomethane (including Gaseous bioenergy pathways: input values and GHG emissions"
agri-food processing residues) JRC. p.162. Available at:
~80% relative to natural gas https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-
research-reports/solid-and-gaseous-bioenergy-pathways-input-
• Net GHG savings from grass values-and-ghg-emissions
Data for grass biomethane emissions savings taken from Korres et
biomethane can be ~ 75% al., 2010, “Is grass biomethane a sustainable transport fuel?
relative to natural gas Biofuels Bioprod, & Bioref. Vol. 4. pp. 310-325Summary • Biomethane can deliver major environmental and economic benefits to the agricultural and agri-food processing industry in Ireland • Gas Networks Ireland is strongly advocating for policy support for biomethane to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors in Ireland • GNI is committed to facilitating renewable gas on our network
Email: james.browne@gasnetworks.ie Tel: +353 87 1128973
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