Signal Quality - Keysight
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Signal Quality Lots of Channels Channel Life Beyond Connectors
mmWave, Waveform, Fidelity MIMO & Beamforming Characterizing & Emulating Over-the-Air
Performance on the Network Connect Design & Test Field & Drive Test
Network Emulation Components & Systems
3
Protocol RF/RRM Functional Design Simulate Validate Connect Test
R&D DVT KPI
1
• Introduction to 5G field testing
• 5G coverage and measurements
• 3D visualization of 5G beams
• 5G indoor testing
• 5G device benchmarking
• 5G interference and site maintenance
tests
• Key takeaways
2
VIDEO
• https://youtu.be/nPlpSKMiKjw
3
We measure the air
interface from the live
radio access network
(RAN)
Possibility to measure the
latest technologies with
the latest devices
4
5G 5G
TESTING TESTING
NOW 2020+
• Lab testing • Lab testing
• Networks trials • Networks trials
• Network rollout • Network rollout
• Network optimization • Network optimization
• Network benchmarking • Network benchmarking
• Network monitoring • Network monitoring
5
6
• Nemo Outdoor supports an extensive set of Qualcomm X50 based devices
commercial and pre-commercial devices that have
been used in the field by Keysight customers LG V50 ThinQ Xiaomi Mi Mix 3 5G HTC 5G Hub
• Device support for both mmWave and sub-6 GHz
Industry-leading scanners
and more
OnePlus 7 Pro 5G
ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G Oppo Reno 5G
Qualcomm X50 and HiSilicon Balong
Samsung Exynos 5000 based devices
5100 based devices Huawei Huawei
Mate 20X Mate 30 5G
Samsung S10 5G Samsung Note 10+ 5G
5G
Netgear Nighthawk
WNC 5G hotspot
7
BEAM-BASED SIGNALS IN 5G NR
gNB Synchronization and
broadcast signals
(beam sweeping)
• gNB has an antenna array to send and receive beams
to/from user equipment (UE)
• UE attach process
UE
• gNB sweeps beams at intervals
• UE look for strongest beam to send RACH request gNB
Beam acquisition
• UE to report channel state information (CSI) periodically to gNB for UE
Uplink beam
• Beam management
• Measure and understand beam switching
Downlink
• Analyzing beam performance is important beam
UE
8
PCI 7 Beam PCI 7 All Beams PCI 7 Beam
Index 0 Index 3
PCI 7 Beam PCI 7 Beam
Index 1 Index 4
PCI 7 Beam Index 6
PCI 7 Beam PCI 7 Beam
Index 2 Index 5
9
DETECTING THE SYNC SIGNAL BLOCK (SSB)
• 5G NR signal demodulation is needed to get
240 subcarriers, 20 RBs
SSB
beam-specific coverage and quality KPIs
127 subcarriers
240 subcarriers
• SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, SS-SINR, etc. max 7.2 MHz inSCANNER VS UE
• Scanner is able to measure more simultaneous beams than the UE, scanner measures 5G
signal regardless of the existence of an LTE anchor or configuration
• UE-based coverage measurement gives the end-user perspective
115G SCANNER TROUBLESHOOTING
Interference Number of strong beams
Areas with good RSRP and poor SINR Number of servers above coverage threshold
125 G N E T W O R K P E R F O R M A N C E A N A LY S I S
Interference Number of strong beams
Areas with good RSRP and poor SINR Number of beams above coverage threshold and
within 5 dB of best server
13or
Radio Link
Optional amplifier
or
Built-in CW generator
300 kHz to 50 GHz
14180m
1516
3D BEAM VIEW IN GOOGLE EARTH
17L I N E O F S I G H T, B L O C K A G E , S H A D O W I N G
• Propagation characteristics of
mmWave radio signals are getting
closer to visible light
• High blockage, even from small objects
such as trees Blockage
• Strong reflections
• High shadowing loss Shadowing
• Seeing even the smallest objects of
the environment in 3D together with
the signal helps to understand signal
propagation
Line of sight, good coverage
18• 5G beam patterns may be a combination of
horizontal and vertical beams
• Coverage footprint of each beam can be Nemo Analyze’s 3D Visualizer, SSB beam coverage footprint
visualization from drone measurements. Measurements done
different at the ground level and higher with Nemo Handy on OnePlus 5G device attached to the
altitudes drone, FR1 5G cell
• Coverage to high-rise buildings from a macro
base station requires vertical beams
• Coverage for drone flight paths
• Measuring with a drone provides a way to
verify 3D coverage footprint of each beam
1920
WNC 5G hotspot PcTel HBFlex scanner
• FR1= 3.5 GHz
• FR2= 28 GHz
• Inbuilding open area, no dividers or walls
• Both FR1 and FR2 gNB antenna in the same
location, same direction
• gNB Tx power configuration
• FR1 total TX power: 1W
• FR2 total TX power: 2W
• FR1 BW: 100MHz, FR2 BW: 4x100 MHz
• → SS-RS TX power ~ -2 dBm for both FR1 and
FR2
• gNB antenna gain not known
• Measurement devices
• HBFlex scanner
• WNC router with Speedtest.net download active
tests
2122
Top quality (CQI 15) at many parts of the route
Up to 1.5Gbps throughput
CSI-RSRP (green line) stronger than SS-RSRP. CSI channel and the traffic channel
transmitted with more narrow beam and better gain compared to SSB beam.
2324
QUALCOMM MODEM VS SAMSUNG EXYNOS MODEM
• Measurements performed with Nemo Handy
• Lot of differences detected in device behavior
• Device A 5G NR performing much better, solid
420 Mbps throughput
• Device A detecting NR signal much better in
drive test (moving device)
• Devices A and B mostly camping on different
SSB beams
→ Devices and networks still a bit immature, further fine-tuning and testing needed.
25• During device acceptance, lab engineers use network simulators such as the UXM 5G to test different chipsets along
with UEs for multiple test cases – FR1 and FR2. Are all my
UE
Why am I antennas
seeing all working?
these SCG
failures?
Does my
beamforming
Is my work?
chipset
Is my newer UE
working?
software build
better than my
Keysight UXM 5G Wireless Test Platform
previous one?
How do you correlate these
two disparate sets of data?
A lot of issues are captured in the form
of logs by both the network simulator
and the UE but... Is there a problem with my UE
or the test network?
26NEMO SOLUTION
Test UE
Nemo Outdoor connected to test UE
• Support for multiple chipsets – Qualcomm/Samsung/Huawei
• Qualcomm QXDM traces with trace mask activation
Nemo Outdoor • Automated root cause analysis
or
Log file
QXDM
Nemo 5G Device Analytics
UE and UXM log correlation with
Log file root cause analysis by
Nemo 5G Device Analytics
Keysight UXM 5G
Wireless Test Platform
27• Identify regression between software builds
• Benchmark against a reference device
• Benchmark against
competitor device(s)
UE with
SW build Log file
E7515B - Keysight UXM 5G
1 Wireless Test Platform
UE with SW
build 2
NTL50000A - Nemo 5G
Device Analytics Benchmarking reports
• 5G Device
Analytics offers
benchmarking
report generation
Log file
and device scoring
NTA50000B - Nemo
Outdoor
2829
100 MHz RTSA to capture signals Scan multi cells, multi carriers Battery-powered mmWave signal
reliably and all available beams generator to facilitate coverage
test in venues and indoors
• 5G control channel is not always • 5G uses beams to provide
on required S/N for individual mobile • mmWave propagation in street
level and indoors is complex
• 5G is TDD, uplink and downlink • UE measures beams from
signals are at the same different cells and carriers • Real coverage requires testing
frequency, offset by time before gNB installation
30CARRY PRECISION WITH YOU
For devices and components For signal analysis
1. Cable and antenna test 9. Spectrum analysis
2. TDR 10. Real-time spectrum analysis
3. VNA/time domain 11. Time gating
4. Noise figure 12. Interference analysis
5. Vector voltmeter 13. Channel scanner
6. Power meter 14. Analog demodulation (AM/FM)
7. Extended range transmission 15. OTA LTE, 5G OTA
analysis (ERTA) 16. IQ analyzer
8. Tracking generator 17. Pulse measurement with peak power Utilities
sensor
22. GNSS
18. Frequency counter
23. DC voltage source
19. Keysight VSA 89600 link
24. Secure erase
20. Phased array antenna control
25. Mapping
21. EMF measurement
26. Frequency extender
311.Same basic requirements as earlier
generations – coverage, interference and
KPIs, but 5G also increases flexibility,
security, and complexity over 4G.
2.There is real value in both UE and scanner
measurements.
3.Collecting data is not enough – need to
effectively visualize the results.
4.Challenges differ between FR1 and FR2.
32RESOURCES
• Webpage: Solutions for 5G NR field testing and data analytics
• Keysight 5G Webinar Series
• Nemo Solutions:
• Nemo Intelligent Device Interface • Nemo Autonomous Probe
• Nemo Handy • Nemo Cloud
• Nemo Walker Air • Nemo WindCatcher
• Nemo Analyze
• Nemo Invex II
• Nemo Customer Experience Monitor
33• 3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project • PRB – Physical resource block
• 5G NR – 5th generation new radio • PSS – Primary synchronization signal
• API – Application programming interface • QoE – Quality of experience
• BI – Beam index • QoS – Quality of service
• BLER – Block error rate • RACH – Random access channel
• CPE – Customer premise equipment • RAN – Radio access network
• CSI-RS (DL) – Channel state information reference signal • RAT – Radio access technology
• DL – Downlink • RRC – Radio resource control
• DUT – Device under test • SRS (UL) – Sounding reference signal
• FCC – Federal Communications Commission • SSB – Synchronization signal block
• KPI – Key performance indicator • SS-RSRP – SS reference signal received power
• MAC – Media access control • SS-RSRQ – SS reference signal received quality
• MCS – Mobile crowd sourcing • SS-SINR – SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio
• MIMO – Multiple-input multiple-output • SSS – Secondary synchronization signal
• mmWave – Millimeter-wave • TAP – Test automation platform
• NEM – Network equipment manufacturer • TRS – Tracking reference signal
• PBCH – Primary broadcast channel • TX – Transmitter
• PBCH DMRS – PBCH demodulation reference signal • UE – User equipment
• PDSCH – Physical downlink shared channel • UL – Uplink
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