Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Word Bank - Goes Here Assembly of Student Delegates - AOTA
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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Word Bank
Presentation Title
Goes Here
Assembly of Student Delegates
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association. © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Vocabulary
Selected Definitions & Descriptions from:
• AOTA official document: Occupational Therapy’s
Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
• Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Vocabulary The
Avarna Group
• National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Class
Class is determined by the amount of wealth a person
has access to through family support, inheritance,
property, investments, and is not limited to wage
earning. (Louisiana State University, 2020)
Additional Resources
• Social Class in America [Video] (Intelecom Learning, 2018)
• Social Class & Poverty in the US: Crash Course Sociology #24 [Video]
(Crash Course, 2017b)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Colorblindness
Colorblindness is a defined as the process by which a person attempts to
ignore the existence of race or skin color in service of seeing past race and
just seeing the person. (Apfelbaum et al., 2012)
• Race is a component intertwined into everyday life, and it would be ignorant to assume
it doesn’t play a major part.
• This deemphasizing of race, however, ignores the real, lived experience of people of
color in the U.S. and ignores their experience.
Additional Resource
• Being “Color Blind” Doesn’t Make You Not Racist―In Fact, It Can Mean the Opposite
(Vincenty, 2021)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Culture Culture is a set of shared languages, ideas, customs, traditions, beliefs, and practices shared by a group of people. (American Sociological Association, 2021) Additional Resource • What is Culture? [Video] (SFU Co-operative Education, 2019) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Cultural Awareness Cultural awareness is the recognition and conscious observation of the similarities and differences between cultures. (National Center for Cultural Competence, n.d.) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Cultural Humility Cultural humility emphasizes humble and empathetic communication with clients and reduces reliance on bias or implicit assumptions and instead encourages intentional listening and openness to various cultures. (AOTA, 2020) Additional Resource • Cultural Competence or Cultural Humility? Moving Beyond the Debate (Green-Moton & Minkler, 2020) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Cultural Sensitivity Cultural sensitivity is understanding the needs and emotions of your own culture and the culture of others. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Disability Culture Disability culture represents a social identity of empowerment and awareness of mental and physical disabilities, and challenges societal norms and medical and institutional oppression. Disability culture accepts human differences, vulnerability, and interdependence. (AOTA, 2021) Additional Resources • Disability and Health Overview (CDC, 2020) • Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic (CDC, 2020) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Diversity Diversity is broadly defined as the unique attributes, values, and beliefs that make up an individual (Taff & Blash, 2017) when compared with the context of a group or population. Diversity comes in many forms, including, but not limited to, socioeconomic status, race, sex, ethnicity, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, and religious beliefs. (AOTA, 2020) Additional Resource • Diversity and Inclusion in Occupational Therapy: Where We Are, Where We Must Go (Taff & Blash, 2017) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Ethnicity Ethnicity is defined as a group of people that identify with one another based on shared culture. (Ford & Kelly, 2005) Additional Resources • What is Ethnicity? [Video] (PBS, 2019) • What’s the difference between race and ethnicity? (Bryce, 2020) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Equity Equity is an approach that ensures everyone is given equal opportunity; this means that resources may be divided and shared unequally to make sure that each person can access an opportunity. Equity considers that people have different access to resources because of system of oppression and privilege. Equity seeks to balance that disparity. “Equity is often confused with equality; however, they are significantly different. Equality ensures that everyone receives the same benefit or consequence.” (AOTA, 2020) Additional Resources • Equity and Equality [Video] (University of Maine, 2019) • In Focus: Reducing Racial Disparities in Health Care by Confronting Racism (Hostetter & Klein, 2018) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Genderqueer
Genderqueer can be categorized in three ways:
1. Personal identity exists outside of gender binary
2. Refers or rejects the identity of masculine and
feminine traits
3. Embraces gender fluidity (Otis, 2015)
Additional Resource
• The Gender Tag: Authentic Gender Expression (Skyler, 2019)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Gender Expression Gender expression is the way that someone outwardly presents their gender through style, demeanor, and social behavior. (Boskey, 2021) Additional Resource What Is Gender Expression? [Video] (The Advocate, 2018) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Gender Identity Gender identity refers to the internal perception of one’s gender and how a person labels oneself. It can correlate with or differ from a person's assigned sex at birth. (HRC, 2020) Additional Resource • Range of Gender Identities [Video] (AMAZE, 2019a) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Generalizations Generalizations are defined as “statements about common trends within a group, but with the recognition that further information is needed to ascertain whether the generalization applies to a particular person.” (Galanti, 2000). • These statements are not necessarily negative and can be helpful and intended to guide people in their actions. • Usually qualified by words such as “often,” “sometimes,” and “may.” © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Inclusion “Inclusion is the acceptance and support of diversity wherein the uniqueness of beliefs, values, and attributes is welcomed, valued, and leveraged for maximum engagement” (Taff & Blash, 2017). “Inclusion is not simply tolerance. [It] inherently embraces the value of all individuals and is the active response to diversity by fostering acceptance, respect, belonging, and value for everyone. To support diversity, inclusion must be actively pursued.” (AOTA, 2020). Additional Resources • What is Inclusion? [Video] (Down Syndrome Queensland, 2019) • Diversity and Inclusion in Occupational Therapy: Where We Are, Where We Must Go (Taff & Blash, 2017) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Intersectionality
Intersectionality is defined as the interconnected nature of
identity such as race, class, and gender, and the
interdependent systems of power and privilege that result
from the interconnectedness. (Perlman, 2018)
• For example, a heterosexual black female-identified person may
experience power and privilege differently than a queer black
female-identified person or a heterosexual white female-
identified person.
Additional Resource
• What is Intersectionality? [Video] (Hopkins, 2018)
• Intersectionality and Health Explained [Video] (Sociological Studies Sheffield,
2020)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Indigenous Indigenous refers to a person or group of people whose culture, identity, and often spirituality are rooted in a particular place. Additional Resource • What does Being Indigenous Mean?[Video] (CBS News, 2017) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Microaggressions
Microaggressions are defined as often unconscious
everyday behaviors that often unintentionally denigrate
someone from a historically marginalized or non-
dominant group. (Sue et al., 2007)
• They are small, but if experienced chronically, a person can
feel “death by a thousand tiny cuts.”
Additional Resource
• Microaggressions Are A Big Deal: How to Talk Them Out and When to
Walk Away (Limbong, 2020)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Occupational Consciousness As developed and defined by Ramugondo (2015), occupational consciousness is the “ongoing awareness of the dynamics of hegemony [the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group], and recognition that dominant practices are sustained through what people do every day, with implications for personal and collective health.” (p. 488) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Occupational Injustice
Occupational When people lack control over their occupations and experience
alienation meaninglessness or purposelessness (Hocking et al., 2011).
Occupational When people are denied access to occupation over an extended time, with
deprivation negative consequences for health & well-being (Hocking et al., 2011).
Occupational When people’s need to exert choices and decision making power as they
marginalization participate in occupations is hindered (Adapted from Townsend & Wilcock, 2004).
Occupational Imbalance speaks to being occupied too much or too little to experience
imbalance meaning and empowerment (Townsend & Wilcock, 2004).
Occupational Depriving individuals, groups, and communities of meaningful and purposeful
apartheid activity through segregation due to social, political, and economical factors, and
for social status reasons (Simo-Algado et al., 2002).
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Occupational Justice Occupational justice refers to the right of all individuals to participate and have equity in occupational choice to increase their well-being. (AOTA, 2020) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
People of Color
People of color include U.S. citizens who do not
identify only as White under the current U.S.
Census ethnicity categories. (Raypole, 2020)
Additional Resource
• Let’s Talk About “BIPOC” (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) –
YouTube (Pacific Lutheran University, 2020)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Privilege Privilege is access to resources (social power) that are only readily available to some people because of their social group membership; it is an advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by one societal group above and beyond the common advantage of all other groups. (National Conference for Community and Justice [NCCJ], 2021). Additional Resources • What is Privilege? (NCCJ, 2021) • Privilege Explained [Video] (Shetty, 2020) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Race
The term race has many definitions (Zevallos, 2017).
• Many individuals believe that race is defined as physical, and biological,
differences between other groups and cultures (e.g., skin color).
• Other individuals, such as sociologists, define race as both a false
construct that historically and currently conflates skin color, and ancestry
with behavior and culture.
• This concept and perspective of race illustrates that the term evolved from an intent
to create division.
• Race, and its social existence, is a widely held assumption and has real
consequences for all people.
Additional Resources
• The Origin of Race in the USA [Video] (PBS, 2018)
• Race as a Social, not Biological Construct (AMA, 2020)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Sex Sex is a term used to refer to the chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical characteristics used to classify individuals as male, female, or intersex. © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic status is the amount of money one
earns in wages each month or year. This can
change rapidly.
Additional Resources
• The Impacts of Social Class: Crash Course Sociology #25 –
[Video] (Crash Course, 2017a)
• Socioeconomic Status (American Psychological Association
[APA], 2021)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Stereotypes Stereotypes are defined as oversimplified ideas we hold about a person based on their identity (Galanti, 2000). • Usually, stereotypes are based on assumptions, popular opinion, or misinformation, are generally negative, are sweeping and simple, and are often characterized by words such as “always” and “never.” Additional Resource • Stereotypes [Video] (SFU, 2019) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
System of Oppression
System of oppression is defined as systems of power
in society that advantage certain groups over others,
and include ideologies such as racism, sexism,
heterosexism, etc. (collectively “the isms”) (Shlasko,
2015)
Additional Resources
• Power, Privilege, and Oppression [Video] (University of Denver,
2018)
• Social Identities and Systems of Oppression (NMAAHC, 2021)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Transgender
A transgender person’s gender identity (and
sometimes expression) does not align with the sex
they were assigned at birth. Trans* is an umbrella
term that refers to various ways that people
transgress gender norms. (University of Florida,
2017)
Additional Resource
• Gender assigned to us at birth should not dictate who we are
(McBride, 2016).
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Cisgender A cisgender person’s gender identity (and often gender expression) matches the sex they were assigned at birth. (APA, 2019) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation is the type of attraction one feels
for others, often labeled based on the gender
relationship between the person and the people
they are attracted to.
Additional Resource
• Sexual Orientation: A Spectrum Of Attraction [Video] (AMAZE,
2019b)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Romantic Orientation
Romantic orientation is an affinity for someone that
evokes the desire to engage in an emotionally
intimate relationship.
Additional Resource
• Sexual Orientation vs. Romantic Orientation (University of South
Dakota, 2020)
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Organizational Resources • American Psychological Association • Advocate: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer News & Politics • AMAZE: Age-appropriate info on puberty for tweens and their parents • American Occupational Therapy Association: Occupational Therapy’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion • Office on Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity • Racism Bias and Discrimination Resources • Socioeconomic Status Office (SES) • The Avarna Group: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Vocabulary • World Health Organization (WHO) © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
References American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020). Occupational therapy’s commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion. American Journal of OccupationalTherapy, 74, 7413410030. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S3002 American Occupational Therapy Association. (2021). Network of occupational therapy practitioners with disabilities and supporters. https://www.aota.org/Practice/Manage/Multicultural/Cultural-Competency-Tool- Kit/NOTPD.aspx American Sociological Association. (n.d.). Culture. https://www.asanet.org/topics/culture Apfelbaum, E. P., Norton, M. I., & Sommers, S. R. (2012). Racial color blindness: Emergence, practice, and Implications. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(3), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411434980 Boskey, E. (2021, January 19). Gender expression is how you present yourself to the world. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/gender-expression-5083957 Ford, M. E., & Kelly, P. A. (2005). Conceptualizing and categorizing race and ethnicity in health services research. Health Services Research, 40, 1658–1675. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00449.x © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
References Galanti, G. A. (2000). An introduction to cultural differences. Western Journal of Medicine, 172, 335–336. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.172.5.335 Hocking, C., Merritt, B., Patterson, M., & Thibeault, R. (2011). International advisory group: Human rights and educating occupational therapists. Poster presented at the Canadian Society of Occupational Science Conference. Louisiana State University. (2020). Research Guides: Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion (DEI) Resources: Socioeconomic. https://guides.lib.lsu.edu/c.php?g=1052777&p=7644571 National Conference for Community and Justice. (2021). What is privilege? https://www.nccj.org/what- privilege Otis, H. (2015). Genderqueer: What it means. Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado, 4(3), Article 2. Perlman, M. (2018). The origin of the term ‘intersectionality.’ Columbia Journalism Review. https://www.cjr.org/language_corner/intersectionality.php © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
References Ramugondo, E. L. (2015). Occupational consciousness. Journal of Occupational Science, 22, 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2015.1042516 Raypole, C. (2020, September 17). Yes, There’s a difference between ‘BIPOC’ and ‘POC’ — Here’s Why It Matters. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/bipoc-meaning Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions. (n.d.). HRC. Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions Shlasko, D. (2015). Using The five faces of oppression to teach about interlocking systems of oppression. Equity & Excellence in Education, 48(3), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2015.1057061 Simó-Algado, S., Mehta, N., Kronenberg, F., Cockburn, L., & Kirsh, B. (2002). Occupational therapy intervention with children survivors of war. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(4), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841740206900405 Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271 © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
References Taff, S. D., & Blash, D. (2017). Diversity and inclusion in occupational therapy: Where we are, where we must go. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 31, 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2016.1270479 [Article] [PubMed] Townsend, E., & Wilcock, A. A. (2004). Occupational justice and client-centred practice: A dialogue in progress. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71, 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841740407100203 University of Florida. (2017). LGBTQ terms and definitions. https://lgbtq.multicultural.ufl.edu/programs/speakersbureau/lgbtq-terms-definitions/ University of South Dakota. (2020). Sexual orientation vs. romantic orientation. https://www.usd.edu/diversity- and-inclusiveness/office-for-diversity/safe-zone-training/sexual-orientation-versus-romantic-orientation Zevallos, Z. (2017, June 9). Sociology of race. The Other Sociologist. https://othersociologist.com/sociology-of- race/ © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Resources
Advocate. (2018). What is gender expression? Queer 101 [Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AvyVGmpnt0
AMAZE. (2019a). Range of gender identities [Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i83VQIaDlQw&feature=youtu.be
AMAZE. (2019b). Sexual orientation: A spectrum of attraction [Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaDn_U8JRMM
American Medical Association. (2020). New AMA policies recognize race as a social, not biological,
construct. https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/new-ama-policies-recognize- race-
social-not-biological-construct.
American Psychological Association. (2019). Gender. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-
guidelines/bias-free-language/gender?_ga=2.212850263.217877443.1620280625-531225314.1613129337
American Psychological Association. (2021). Socioeconomic status.
https://www.apa.org/topics/socioeconomic-status/
© 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.Resources Bryce, E. (2020). What’s the difference between race and ethnicity? https://www.livescience.com/difference- between-race-ethnicity.html CBS News. (2017). What does being Indigenous mean? [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X- zwP6q1GkM&feature=youtu.be Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Disability and health overview. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2019). Disability impacts all of us [Infographic]. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/infographic-disability-impacts-all.html# Crash Course. (2017a). The impacts of social class: Crash Course Sociology #25 [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a21mndoORE Crash Course. (2017b). Social Class & Poverty in the US: Crash Course Sociology #24 [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8PEv5SV4sU&feature=youtu.be Down Syndrome Queensland. (2019). What Is inclusion ? [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VMz06iVzqs&feature=youtu.be © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Resources Greene-Moton, E., & Minkler, M. (2020). Cultural competence or cultural humility? Moving beyond the debate. Health Promotion Practice, 21(1), 142–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919884912 Hopkins P, Newcastle University. (2018, April 22). What is intersectionality? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1islM0ytkE&feature=youtu.be Hostetter, M., & Klein, S. (2018). In Focus: Reducing racial disparities in health care by confronting racism. The Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2018/sep/focus- reducing-racial-disparities-health-care-confronting-racism Intelecom Learning. (2018). Social class in America [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h66QyXf4LOQ Limbong, A. (2020). Microaggressions Are A Big Deal: How To Talk Them Out And When To Walk Away. NPR. https://choice.npr.org/index.html?origin=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/08/872371063/microaggressions- are-a-big-deal-how-to-talk-them-out-and-when-to-walk-away McBride, S. (2016). Gender assigned to us at birth should not dictate who we are. TEDxMidAtlanticSalon [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kw5vyJ30djM © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Resources National Museum of African American History and Culture. (2021). Social identities and systems of oppression. https://nmaahc.si.edu/learn/talking-about-race/topics/social-identities-and-systems-oppression National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University. (n.d.). NCCC: Curricula Enhancement Module Series. Nccc.Georgetown.Edu. Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://nccc.georgetown.edu/curricula/awareness/index.html#:%7E:text=The%20NCCC%20defines%20%E 2%80%9Ccultural%20awareness,the%20beginning%20of%20intercultural%20effectiveness Nyborg, H. (2019). Race as social construct. Psych, 1(1), 139–165. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych1010011 Pacific Lutheran University. (2020, October 8). Let’s Talk About “BIPOC” (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2p1HKPmCns&feature=youtu.be PBS. (2018). Origin of everything: The origin of race in the USA [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVxAlmAPHec PBS. (2019). Origin of everything: What is ethnicity? [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1AY95Z64gg&ab_channel=OriginOfEverything © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Resources SFU Co-operative Education. (2019). Stereotypes [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- MpC3HSn4D0 Shetty. (2020). Privilege explained.. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gUO3yN8eFg Simon Fraser University. (2019, September 6). What is culture? [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Z4zLEX1CQ Sociological Studies University of Sheffield. (2020, October 8). Intersectionality and health explained [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwqnC1fy_zc Skyler, S. (2019, March 28). A Non-binary transition. TEDxConnecticutCollege [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvHWfdEnkmE University of Denver, Graduate School of Social Work. (2018). Power privilege and oppression [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTDikx-maoM&feature=youtu.be University of Maine. (2019). Equity and equality [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCS7Rus4_- Y&feature=youtu.be © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Resources Vincenty, S. (2021). Being color blind doesn’t make you not racist—In fact, it can mean the opposite. Oprah Daily. https://www.oprahdaily.com/life/relationships-love/a32824297/color-blind-myth-racism/ Wilcock, A. A., & Townsend, E. A. (2009). Occupational justice. In E. B. Crepeau, E. S. Cohn, & B.A. Boyt Schell (Eds.), Willard & Spackman’s occupational therapy (11th ed., pp. 192-199). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association.
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