FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR TRANSPORT RESEARCH - Perspectives from Urban Studies - Praxisforum Verkehrsforschung
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR TRANSPORT RESEARCH Perspectives from Urban Studies Praxisforum Verkehrsforschung Berlin, May 2013 Duncan Smith, LSE Cities / Urban Age Programme London School of Economics and Political Science
Challenges of Prediction & Peak Travel Cities, Innovation and Urban Form Lock-in and Adaptability Path-breaking Transport Innovations
Challenges of Prediction & Peak Travel Cities, Innovation and Urban Form Lock-in and Adaptability Path-breaking Transport Innovations
MOTORISATION IN WEST GERMANY- FORECAST VS ACTUAL
Source: Schuehle 1986, Heinze/Kill 2000
Motorisation
(vehicles in millions)
45
23
1 Zimmermann 1955
25 2 Zimmermann 1959
40 3 Schimtz/Gerhard 1957
22 4 Esso 1958
24 5 Shell 1959
35 6 Shell 1961
16
21 7 Shell 1969
8 Shell 1971
20
19 9 Shell 1973
30 18 10 Shell 1977
17 11 Lenk 1962
10 12 Lehberg 1962
25 11 13 Lehberg halblog
9 14 Frerich/Sarrazin 1973
15
14
15 DIW 1977
20 8 16 DIW 1989
6 17 Shell 1979
7
18 Shell 1981
19 Shell 1985
15
20 Shell 1987
12
21 Shell 1989
13 5 22 Shell 1991
10 23 Umweltbundesamt 1990
24 ITP/IVT 1991
4 2 25 DIW 1994 (ABL)
3
5
1
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year
TOTAL MOTORIZED TRAVEL ACTIVITY 1970-2007/8 - PEAK TRAVEL? Source: Millard-Ball and Schipper 2011, includes domestic air travel
CAR OWNERSHIP 1970-2007/8 Source: Millard-Ball and Schipper 2011
PEAK TRAVEL – UNITED KINGDOM Source: Economist 2012 / Department of Transport
WHY MIGHT PEAK TRAVEL BE OCCURRING?
Economic-
Significant fuel price increases and squeezed incomes across many population groups,
exacerbated by major recession.
Travel Time Saturation-
Given 1 hour daily travel budget (Zahavi, 1980; Marchetti, 1994), reached mobility saturation
with sufficient choice for most common journeys. Diminishing utility of further travel (Metz,
2010).
Land-use Planning-
Restricted road building and urban regeneration boosted local accessibility and brought
new equilibrium in land-use transport systems (Newman & Kenworthy, 2011; Lucas & Jones,
2009).
Car Ownership Attitudes-
Car as major consumer status symbol challenged in younger demographics (Urry, 2009),
declining licenses and use. New flexible economies of access and ownership emerging.
Internet and Social Networking-
Increasing ability to socialise and shop online, with great choice and convenience.
Potentially will reduce trips.
Demographics and Migration-
More globalised networks of social connections, more students, more leisure time, more
elderly groups. Some regional travel replaced by international flights.
PEAK TRAVEL IMPLICATIONS
Income and Mobility-
Core modelling assumptions about increased mobility and travel
with rising income fundamentally challenged.
Travel Sustainability Opportunities-
New lifestyles and cultures being forged. Ideal opportunity for
more sustainable transport systems and behaviours to be
realised. Not all positive, e.g. global air travel.
ICT & Travel-
ICT seems to be radically changing travel demand for certain
trips. Substitution but also connected while travelling.
Developing World
Many aspects of peak travel trends not applicable in Newly
Industrialising Countries, where car use expanding rapidly. Yet
also signs of significant public transport innovations from NICs.
Challenges of Prediction & Peak Travel Cities, Innovation and Urban Form Lock-in and Adaptability Path-breaking Transport Innovations
2% of the earth’s surface is urbanised 53% of the world’s population is urban
Cities exist to eliminate transport costs for people, goods and ideas. Ed Glaeser
CITY FORM URBAN TRANSPORT
WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Innovation
2nd wave
1st wave
Steam &
Industrial Railways
Iron Steel
Water power Cotton
Mechanisation Telegraph
Textiles
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Innovation
2nd wave
1st wave
Steam &
Industrial Railways
Iron Steel
Water power Cotton
Mechanisation Telegraph
Textiles
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Innovation
3rd wave
2nd wave
1st wave
Electricity &
Steam & Steel
Industrial Railways Heavy
Iron Steel Engineering
Water power Cotton Chemicals
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Skyscraper
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Innovation
3rd wave
2nd wave
1st wave
Electricity &
Steam & Steel
Industrial Railways Heavy
Iron Steel Engineering
Water power Cotton Chemicals
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Skyscraper
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
4th wave
Innovation
3rd wave
2nd wave
1st wave Oil &
Electricity & Automobiles
Steam & Steel Petrochemicals
Industrial Railways Heavy Electronics
Iron Steel Engineering Aviation
Water power Cotton Chemicals Television
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Skyscraper
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
4th wave
Innovation
3rd wave
2nd wave
1st wave Oil &
Electricity & Automobiles
Steam & Steel Petrochemicals
Industrial Railways Heavy Electronics
Iron Steel Engineering Aviation
Water power Cotton Chemicals Television
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Skyscraper
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
5th wave
4th wave
Innovation
3rd wave
2nd wave
Information &
1st wave Oil & Telecom
Electricity & Automobiles Digital networks
Steam & Steel Petrochemicals Information
Industrial Heavy Electronics Technology
Railways Biotechnology
Iron Steel Engineering Aviation
Water power Cotton Chemicals Television
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Radio
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020CORE VS BELT GROWTH 1995-2008 – SELECTED OECD METROS
Source: OCED 2011
-1% 0 1%WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
6th wave
Cleantech &
5th wave Efficiency?
Post-car?
4th wave Industrial Ecology?
Distributed
Manufacturing?
Innovation
3rd wave Artificial
Intelligence?
2nd wave
Information &
1st wave Oil & Telecom
Electricity & Automobiles Digital networks
Steam & Steel Petrochemicals Information
Industrial Heavy Electronics Technology
Railways Biotechnology
Iron Steel Engineering Aviation
Water power Cotton Chemicals Television
Mechanisation Telegraph Telephone
Textiles Skyscraper
Commerce
1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 2020BARCELONA VS ATLANTA
Source: Bertaud and Richardson, 2004
Atlanta
BarcelonaURBAN DENSITY
NEW YORK SHANGHAI MUMBAI
SÃO PAULO ISTANBUL LONDONChallenges of Prediction & Peak Travel Cities, Innovation and Urban Form Lock-in and Adaptability Path-breaking Transport Innovations
EUROPE: 95 PER CENT OF 2030 URBAN STRUCTURES EXISTS TODAY
TYPICAL DESIGN LIFE OF URBAN STRUCTURES – PHYSICAL LOCK-INS Roads 20 to 30 years Highways 20 to 50 years Stadium 20 to 40 years Water infrastructure 20 to 40 years Sewage system 30 to 70 years Apartment buildings 40 to 70 years Office Building 40 to 50 years Railway infrastructure 50 to 60 years Telephone cables 30 to 40 years Airports 40 to 100 years Bridges 50 to 100 years Tunnel structures 50 to 100 years
COPENHAGEN ‘FINGER PLAN’
URBAN DYNAMICS AND CONTINUITY
Creative Destruction-
City economies in constant flux with phases of growth linked to new
technologies. Fundamentally shape city form during different eras,
wide diversity of urban forms.
Physical Lock-In
Economic dynamism in contrast to fixed, enduring nature of the built-
environment. Infrastructure locks-in behaviours and patterns of
resource use.
Adaptability and Resilience
Challenge therefore to enable sustainable cities that are efficient and
flexible to accommodate new technologies and industries.
Accessible for range of transport modes, and enable new forms of
communication and travel.
What are the Current Transport Innovations Shaping World
Cities?Challenges of Prediction & Peak Travel Cities, Innovation and Urban Form Lock-in and Adaptability Path-breaking Transport Innovations
BUS RAPID TRANSIT
BUS RAPID TRANSIT WORLDWIDE Map by LSE Cities, Data: Global BRT, 2013
BUS RAPID TRANSIT WORLDWIDE Map by LSE Cities, Data: Global BRT, 2013
BIKE SHARING
BUS RAPID
BIKE SHARETRANSIT
SCHEMESWORLDWIDE
WORLDWIDE
Map by LSE Cities. Data source: O’Brien
2012BUS RAPID
BIKE SHARETRANSIT
SCHEMESWORLDWIDE
WORLDWIDE
Map by LSE Cities. Data source: O’Brien
2012Number of trips to-from inner city
Relative change in bicycle
on weekdays by bicycle
use (2001=100%)
(Thousands)
80
120
160
200
50
100
150
1990
1990
2000
2000
URBAN CYCLING TRENDS
Berlin
Copenhagen
0
201
2010
Number of trips to central London during NYC Commuter cycle
morning peak by bicycle (Thousands) indicator
10
20
100
200
300
1990
1990
2000
2000
London
New York
0
2010
201CONGESTION PRICING
LONDON CAR USE DECLINE
Zero Car Households London
All Traffic, Total Vehicle km
60
2001
50
2011
40
Households %
30
20
10
0
All London Inner London Outer LondonCONGESTION PRICING WORLDWIDE
CONGESTION PRICING WORLDWIDE
Aachen Biel Chur Erfurt Grenoble Iéna Laufon Maidstone Neuchâtel Pforzheim Rothrist Solothurn Varik Yverdon
Aalsmeer Bielefeld Clermont-Ferrand Erlangen Grenoble Ilanz Lausanne Mainz Neuenhof Pfullingen Rotkreuz South_Brent Västerås Zaandam
Aarau Bienne Cleveland Erstfeld Greven Illnau Lausen Majornas Neuhausen Philadelphia Rottenburg Southampton Vaxholm Zagreb
Aarhus Bilthoven Coburg Esbjerg Greyrock_Commons Ingolstadt Le Locle Malmö Neuss Pieterlen Rotterdam Speyer Växjö Zaltbommel
CAR SHARING
Abcoude
Adiswil
Adligenswil
Binningen
Birmingham
Birsfelden
Colbe
Colchester
Colne_Valley
Eskilstuna
Espoo
Essen
Groningen
Grootebroek
Grut
Innsbruck
Interlaken
Ipsach
Leeds
Leeuwarden
Lehrte
Malters
Manchester
Mannedorf
Neu-Ulm
New York City
Newcastle
Pittsburgh
Plannegg
Plochingen
Rotterdam
Rubigen
Rudolfstetten
Spiez
Spijkenisse
St._Gallen
Veenendaal
Veldhoven
Veltheim
Zeist
Zevenaar
Zoetermeer
Aesch Bludenz Copenhagen Esslingen Gstaad Irvine Leicester Mannheim Newtown Poitiers Rümlang St._Pölten Venis Zoeterwoude-dorp
Affoltern/A. Boblingen Corburg Ettlingen Guelph Iserlohn Leicester_Woodgate Marburg Nice Poole Rüschlikon St_Albans Venlo Zoeterwoude-rijndijk
Alexandria. Bochum Cothen Eugene Gümligen Ithica Leiden Marl Nidau Porrentruy Rüti St_Austell Vevey Zofingen
Alkmaar Boden Cottbus Eutin Guildford Ittigen Leiderdorp Marly Niederbipp Portland Rumlang Stade Victoria Zollikerberg
Allschwil Bologna Cranfield Exeter Haarlem Jegenstorf Leipzig Marseilles Niedererlinsbach Portsmouth Ruschlikon Stafa Vienna Zollikofen
Almere Bolzano/Bozen Culemborg Fairfax_County Hagen Jena Lelystad Marthalen Niederglatt Potsdam Russelsheim Stans Viernheim Zuchwil
Alpnach Bonn Dachau Falkenberg Halberstadt Jona Lelystad Martigny Niederhasli Pratteln Ruswil Stansstad Villach Zug
Altdorf Bonstetten Dancing Rabbit Fallanden Halifax Jönköping Lent Mastricht Niederlenz Preetz Rutledge Starrkirch-Will Vinterviken Zurich
Altstatten Borås Darmstadt Falun Halle Jylland Lenzburg Maur Niederrohrdorf Prilly Sgraveland Stavanger Viskafors Zutphen
Amersfoort Bordeaux Davos Farum Halmstad Kaarst Leusden Maurik Niederscherli Prince Georges Sgravenhage Steffisburg Vlaardingen Zweisimmen
Amriswil Bordesholm De bilt Faulensee Hamburg Kalmar Leuven Mayence Niederweningen County Saarbrucken Steinbach Volketswil Zwijndrecht
Amstelveen Borlänge Degersheim Feldkirch Hameln Kapfenberg Leverkusen Mechelen Nieuwegein Princeton Sabadell Steinen Voorburg Zwischenwasser
Amsterdam Boston Delémont Fellbach Hanau Karlsruhe Lewes Meggen Nieuwerkerk ijssel Puch/Hallein Sachseln Steinhausen Voorhout Zwolle
Amsterdam_Zuid Bottmingen Delft Filderstadt Hannover Karlstad Lichfield Meiringen Nijmegen Puchheim Saint_Paul Steyr Vught
Amstetten Boulder Delft Flawil Harderwijk Kassel Lichtensteig Melbourne Nimes Pully SaintQuentin Stockholm Wabern
Andelfingen Bovenkarspel Delfzijl Florence Haren Katwijk Liège Memmingen Noordwijk Purmerend Sala Strasburg Wadenswil
Andermatt Bozen Den_Bosch Fort_Collins Hasle Kehrsatz Lienden Mendrisio Noordwijkerhout Québec Salisbury Stroud Wageningen
Ann_Arbor Bradford-on-Avon Den_Haag Fort_Wayne Hasselt Kempten Liestal Menzingen Norwich Quebec_City Salzburg Stutensee Waiblingen
Antwerp Braunschweig Denver Frankfurt/M Hausen_am_Albis Kesgrave Ligerz/Twann Merseburg Nottuln Radolfzell Samedan Stuttgart Wald
Apeldoorn Breda Dessau Frauenfeld Hebden_Bridge Kiel Lignon Merzhausen Nürnberg Rafz San_Diego Süßen Wallisellen
Appenzell Breda Detroit Freising Hedingen Kingston Lilienthal Mettmenstetten Nussbaumen Rankwell San_Francisco Suhr Waltrop
Arbon Bregenz Deventer Frenkendorf Heemstede Kirchberg Lille Meyrin Nyon Rannebergens Sant_Cugat Sundbyberg Warnsveld
Arlington Bremen Dielsdorf Fribourg Heerbrugg Kirchheim Limerick Middelburg Oakland Rapperswil Santa_Barbara Sundsvall Washington_DC
Arnhem Bremerhaven Diemen Frick Heerlen Kirchheim/Teck Lindau Milan Oberägeri Ratekau Santa_Monica Sursee Wattenscheid
Arnstadt Bremgarten Dietikon Frutigen Heidelberg Kirchlindach Linköping Minden Oberdiessbach Ratisbonne Santpoort noord Suszligen Wattwil
Arth-Goldau Brig Dinant Fukuoka Heiden Kirchzarten Linz Minneapolis/St._Paul Oberdorf/Stans Ratzeburg Sapporo Swansea Weert
Ashburton Brighton Doetinchem Furth Heidenheim Kitakyushu Lisse Mittelhäusen Oberentfelden Ravensburg Sargans Sydney Weesp
Aspen Brighton_&_Hove Domat/Ems Gainesville Heiloo Kitchener-Waterloo Littau Modena Oberglatt Reading Sarnen Therwil Weinfelden
Assen Brigue Dordrecht Gallaway Heimenschwand Kitsap_County Liverpool Mödling Oberhausen Rebstein Sarrebruck Thun Weingarten
Atlanta Brisbane Dornach Garching Helsingborg Klagenfurt Llanidoes Mohlin Oberkirch Redmond Saskatoon Thusis Weinheim
Baar Bristol Dornach-Arlesheim Gatineau Helsinki Klosters Locarno Mölndal Oberlunkhofen Refrath Sassenheim Thyholm Weiz
Bad_Gleichenberg Brønshøj Dornbirn Gauting Hemsbach Kloten Lochem Mönchaltorf Oberrieden Regensburg Schaffhausen Tibro Wels
Bad_Homburg Brookline Dortmund Gävle Hengelo Knonau Lohmar Mons Oberursel Regensdorf Schalkwijk Tiel Wettenberg
Bad_Ragaz Bruges Dossenheim Gebenstorf Herbrechtingen Kobe London Montgomery_County Oberuster Regina Schallstadt Tierp Wetter
Bad_Sackingen Brugg Dresden Gegraveneve Herdecke København London_(Ont.) Monthey Oberwil Rehetobel Schiedam Tilburg Wettingen
Bad_Schwartau Brugg_Weiermatt Driebergen Geldrop Herisau Koblenz Londonderry Montpelier Obfelden Reichenbach Schiedam Titisee-Neustadt Wetzikon
Bad_Vilbel Brugge Dubendorf Gelsenkirchen Herning Koln Londres Montreal Odense Reinach Schiers Tofino Wetzlar
Baden Brummen Dublin Gelterkinden Herrenberg Köniz Long_Beach, Montreux Odijk Renens Schliern Tokyo Wezep
Baden/Wien Brussels Dudingen Genève Herrliberg-Feldmeile Konolfingen Longueuil Morges Oegstgeest Reussbuhl Schofflisdorf Topsham Whistler
Baltimore Bubikon Dübendorf Genova Herzogenbuchsee Konstanz Lorrach Mosbach Offenbach Reutlingen Schoftland Torino Wiener_Neustadt
Barcelona Buchholz Düdingen Gent Heuchelheim Köping Los_Angeles Mössingen Oftringen Rheinfelden Schonenwerd Tornesch Wiesbaden
Baretswil Buchs Duisburg Gevelsberg High Wycombe Korneuburg Lostorf Motala Oldenburg Rhein-Neckar Schopfheim Toronto Wiesendangen
Basel Buckfastleigh Duren Ghent Hildesheim Kortrijk Louvain_la_Neuve Mountain_View Olten Rhenen Schupfen Toulouse Wiesloch
Bassersdorf Bulach Durham Gieszlig;en Hillegom Krefeld Lubeck Mühlethurnen Ooij Richmond Schwabisch_Hall Traverse_City Wijchen
Bath Bunnik Durnten Gipf-Oberfrick Hilversum Kreuzlingen Lucerne Mülheim Oosterhout gld Richterswil Schwarzenburg Trèves Wijk bij duurstede
Bauma Bunschoten Dusseldorf Gisikon Hinwil Kriens Ludenscheid Münchenbuchsee Opfikon Riehen Schwechat Trimbach Will
Bayreuth Buochs East_Bay Giswil Hiroshima Kristiansstad Ludwigsburg Münchenstein Örebro Rifferswil Schweinfurt Trondheim Willisau
Belfast Burgdorf EastSide Gland Hisingens Kufstein Ludwigshafen Münsingen Osaka Rijnsburg Schwerin Trubach Winchester
Bellevue Bussum Ebikon Glaris Hitzkirch Kusnacht Lübeck Münster Oslo Rijswijk zh Schwerzenbach Tübingen Winterthur
Bellingham Calgary Ebnat-Kappel Gleisdorf Hoboken Kyoto Lüdenscheid Mulheim/Ruhr Osnarbruck Rikon Schwetzingen Turbenthal-Wila Witten
Bellinzona Camberley Ecublens Gléresse Hochdorf La_Chaux-de-Fonds Lüneburg Munchenbuchsee Ossingen Rimini Schwyz Turgi Wittenbach
Belp Cambridge_(UK) Ede Goldach Hofheim La_Rochelle Lugano Munchsteinach Österfärnebo Rodersdorf Seattle Ulm Wittenberg
Bennekom Cambridge_(USA) Edinburgh Gorinchem Hofstetten-Flüh La_Tour-de-Peilz Luleå Munich Ostermundigen Rodovre Seeheim- Umeå Witzenhausen
MORE THAN 1,000 CITIES CURRENTLY
Bentham
Bergdietikon
Bergen
Capelle aan den ijsselEdmonton
Carouge
Castricum
Bergisch_Gladbach Castrop-Rauxel
Effretikon
Eglisau
Eindhoven
Gorssel
Gossau
Gossau_SG
Gothenborg
Hohenem
Holzwickede
Hombrechtikon
Hoogkarspel
Laatzen
Lachen
Landquart
Landshut
Lund
Luneburg
Lupfig
Lustenau
Munsingen
Munster
Muri
Muri-Gumligen
Östersund
Ostfildern
Ottawa
Ottenbach
Roermond
Roggwil
Rohr
Romanshorn
Jugenheim
Seelze
Sempach
Sheffield
Umkirch
Unna
Uppsala
Urdorf
Woerden
Wognum
Wolfenbuttel
Wolfurt
Bergsjöns Celle Einsiedeln Göttingen Hoorn Landskrona Luzern Muttenz Ottignies Rombach Sherbrooke Uster Wolhusen
HAVE CARSHARING PROGRAMS
Berikon
Berkeley
Berlin
Bermgarten
Chaddleworth
Chagford
Cham
Chamvery
Elgg
Elmshorn
Elst (utr.)
Emmen
Gouda
Gouda
Grabs
Grafelfing
Horgen
Hørsholm
Horw
Houten
Landsmeer
Langen
Langendorf
Langenfeld
Lyon
Lyss
Maarssen
Maastricht
Nacka
Nagold
Namur
Nanaimo_(BC)
Overijssel
Oxford
Palo_Alto
Pansdorf
Rome
Roosendaal
Rorschach
Rorschacherberg
'S-hertogenbosch
Siegburg
Siegen
Sindelfingen
Utrecht
Uznach
Uzwil
Valby
Worb
Worcester
Worms
Wunstorf
Bern Chappel_Hill Emmenbrücke Granges Hove Langenhagen Machynlleth Nanikon Paris Rosenheim Singapore Vancouver Wuppertal
Berne Checircne-Bourg Enkhuizen Granollers Huckelhoven Langenthal Madison Nantes Passau Roskilde Sion Vancouver_Island Wurtzbourg
Beromunster Chester-le-street Enschede Graz Huddersfield Langnau Madrid Narbonne Perth Rosmalen Sissach Vänersborg Yeovil
Berthoud Chicago Enzingen Greenbelt Huizen Laufen Magdeburg Neckargmünd Petit-Lancy Rostock Sittard Vantaa Yokohama
Biberach Chiètres Eppstein Grenchen Ibbenbüren Laufenburg Magden Neuchacirctel Pfaffikon Rothenburg Soest Varberg YorkTHE POST-CAR TRANSPORT SYSTEM Source: Kingsley Denis and John Urry New fuel systems & new materials Smart vehicles & ICT integration De-privatizing vehicles Economies of access rather than ownership e.g. online music and film New transport policies Demand management, pay as you go
Driverless taxi concept (Mike & Maaike, 2012).
Path-breaking Transport Systems
Old and New Solutions, Distinct Geographies
Older solutions renaissance (BRT, cycling, car sharing) and potential for
radically new transport modes. Significant innovation and adoption in the
newly industrialising world- China, Brazil etc.
Success and Failure
Key aspects of success- flexibility, affordability, incremental development,
political support. Explains limited realisation of congestion pricing.
Post-Car Innovation
New generation of ICT enabled car sharing introducing aspects of post-
car vision. Alternative route to introducing congestion pricing principles.
Driverless cars still face significant hurdles (e.g. legal), but pose
fundamental medium term challenges to core aspects of urban transport
(e.g. parking, transport employment, derived demand, buses, taxis).Conclusions
Uncertainty and Disruption in Transportation Systems
Core demand modelling assumptions that travel will increase in
line with income may no longer apply. Critical opportunity for
changing transport systems and establishing more sustainable
city forms and behaviours.
Urban Form and Adaptability
While economies highly dynamic, the fundamental rationale of
cities to enable face-to-face contact and communication with
good quality of life unchanged. Medium and high density cities
associated with lower transport energy use and arguably better
adapted to current era of city growth.
ICT and Travel Behaviour
Social networking affecting travel demand, linked to changing
attitudes to car ownership and also fundamental aspect of new
transport innovations (smart cards, sharing). Lots of new data for
modelling, great challenge in understanding ICT and travel
integration and substitution.LSE CITIES CURRENT RESEARCH
Berlin and London New Urban Mobility Survey
Project partner InnoZ. Investigating transport attitudes
and lifestyles in relation to urban travel innovations of
sharing, ICT and active travel. Report to be published in
July 2013.
Going Green Report
Global survey of over 100 cities on the transition to the
green economy, plus case studies on land use planning,
energy, waste and electric mobility:
lsecities.net/publications/reports/
Electric City Conference
Major international conference held in December 2012
on future world cities, sustainability and technology.
lsecities.net/publications/conference-newspapers/You can also read
