GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN
PRISON
VIOLENCE REDUCTION
AND REHABILITATION

2019
GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

                                                                                                       AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS
  CONTENTS
                                                                                                       Our award-winning and innovative Gangs and Violence Reduction Custodial Service has been
                                                      8      INTERVENTION AND R.O.A.D                  recognised as highly effective:
  1       INTRODUCTION
  2       AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS                     11     CONFLICT RESOLUTION
                                                                                                       1. BUTLER TRUST AWARD received in 2015 for          3. BUTLER TRUST CERTIFICATE received in
  3       IMPACT                                      11     ONE TO ONES                                  the services provided by HMP Thameside Gang         October 2018 for the services provided
  4       THE BIGGER PICTURE                          12     RESETTLEMENT                                 Service. The Head of Custody referred to the        by HMYOI Feltham Gang Service: “There
  5       OUR APPROACH                                14     OUR TEAM                                     “Commitment, passion and belief” delivered          is documented evidence of positive
                                                                                                          by our team to create a safer environment at        behavioural changes in well over half
  7       EARLY IDENTIFICATION
                                                                                                          HMP Thameside. Violent incidents reduced            of course participants which has had a
                                                                                                          from 86 to 26 per month, resulting in 60 fewer      positive impact on reducing violence at
                                                                                                          victims and “60 fewer families worried about        Feltham.”
                                                                                                          the safety of their loved ones in custody”.

INTRODUCTION                                                                                           2. HM CHIEF INSPECTOR OF PRISONS, Peter
                                                                                                          Clarke, said: “HMP Thameside’s partnership
                                                                                                          with Catch22 to reduce gang violence
                                                                                                          was innovative and effective” following an
This brochure offers an insight into the Gangs      The latest statistics show violence has               inspection by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of
and Violence Reduction Custodial Services we        reached record levels in prisons across the           Prisons, published in 2017.
currently deliver in prisons across the UK.         UK. The supposed security of gang association
                                                    is persuasive while imprisoned and gang-
Catch22 works with 65,000 young people and          associated prisoners are disproportionately
adults each year, from cradle to career. Across     involved in violent incidents.
23 prisons, we work in custody screening and
offender management, through to mediation           Effective risk management is essential to
and long-term resettlement. We deliver              effective rehabilitation. Without it, prison
services for victims, veterans in custody, and in   teams are required to focus on being reactive,
gang intervention.                                  only tackling issues as and when they occur,
                                                    rather than being able to build a strategy that
Our work across the social welfare cycle            prevents violence in the long term.
means our services are informed by a deep
understanding of the issues that lead people        Rehabilitation and resettlement: Our
to crime, gang involvement and ultimately,          experience has taught us that to truly reduce
a prison sentence. Our teams draw on the            this violence, we must provide an alternative to
expertise of our substance misuse projects,         gang life and empower each person to follow
our alternative provision schools, and our child    a new path. Our custody-based practitioners
exploitation services, as well as the years of      offer a unique opportunity to enable this so
early intervention work we have conducted           that on release, each individual has the best
within the justice system.                          opportunity to successfully settle, and even
                                                    thrive, back into society.

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

IMPACT OF OUR APPROACH                                                     THE BIGGER PICTURE
                                                                           CATCH22 INSIGHTS FOR WORKING WITH GANG-
                                         33% REDUCTION IN GANG-RELATED
                                         VIOLENCE SINCE THE INTRODUCTION   AFFILIATED PRISONERS
     In 2018 the Catch22 Gangs           OF CATCH22’S GANGS CUSTODIAL
     Custodial Service:                  SERVICE HMP THAMESIDE
                                                                           1.   THE REGION THE PRISON SERVES IS             6.   EACH PERSON HAS OTHER ISSUES

      3149
                                         21% REDUCTION IN GANG-RELATED
                                                                                UNIQUE                                           BEYOND THEIR GANG-AFFILIATION
                                         VIOLENCE AT HMP PENTONVILLE
                                                                                The issues within the community need to          Aside from their association with gangs,
                                                                                be understood by practitioners.                  these individuals may need additional
                                                                                                                                 help dealing with grief, trauma or the
                                                                           2.   GANG NOMINALS MAY NOT RECOGNISE                  violence they have likely witnessed.
                                                                                THAT THEY ARE PART OF A GANG
      Early identifications completed                                           Particularly with young gang-affiliated     7.   BUILDING TRUST IS HOW WE LEARN
                                                                                prisoners, they may have been groomed by         Only through trusting relationships can we
                                                                                older members and not yet understand the         draw out information and join the dots.
                                                                                nature of the group they are involved in.        It is imperative to set boundaries on what
                                                                                                                                 is shared and to be conscious of how we

      296
                                                                           3.   NOT ALL GANG NOMINALS ARE AWARE                  disclose it when necessary.
                                                                                OF WHO THEIR RIVALS ARE
                                                                                Screening and induction meetings should     8.   KNOW ABOUT ANY ALIASES OR
                                                                                be conducted as soon as possible to              NICKNAMES A PERSON MIGHT HAVE
                                                                                prevent potential rivals meeting. An             This information will make it easier
                                                                                individual may not have met the members          to follow conversations had between
      Participants completed 44                                                 of other gangs but their identity may be         prisoners and the conversations prisoners
      gang-intervention programmes                                              known to rival gang members, placing             have with you.
                                                                                their safety at risk.
                                                                                                                            9.   ONLINE CONFLICTS CAN SPILL OVER
                                                                           4.   CONFLICTS ARE FOREVER CHANGING                   INTO REAL LIFE AND SOCIAL MEDIA CAN
                                                                                Rivals may now be allies in prison and           BE A CATALYST FOR SERIOUS VIOLENCE

      39
                                                                                allegiances can change overnight.                Although those within the prison should
                                                                                                                                 not have access, new arrivals or those
                                                                           5.   KEEPING AN EYE ON WHO PRISONERS                  talking to friends outside the prison may
                                                                                ARE TALKING TO                                   become aware of information regarding
                                                                                Practitioners should observe where               individuals or rival groups.
                                                                                prisoners ask to be located, and how
      Mediations arranged and positive                                          they interact with each other, which can    10. AVOID ASSUMPTIONS
      outcomes achieved in every                                                suggest the hierarchy within gangs and          Although there are many trends and
      single one                                                                where potential risks are.                      patterns we see across our work with gang
                                                                                                                                nominals, it is vital that we approach all
                                                                                                                                of our work remembering that every case,
                                                                                                                                and every person, is unique.

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

                  OUR APPROACH                                       Our service has five distinct elements, each
                                                                     vitally important to maintaining safety within
                                                                     the prison and supporting people to change
                                                                                                                        4. ONGOING 1:1 SESSIONS
                                                                                                                           Individual sessions allow the gang
                                                                                                                           practitioners to keep an eye on progress for
                                                                     their behaviour.                                      the prisoners we are working with.

                  The Catch22 Gangs and Violence Reduction           1. EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND                        5. RESETTLEMENT
                  Custodial Service supports prison                     COORDINATED INTELLIGENCE 		                        Working closely with resettlement teams,
                  management by reducing the risk posed                 Gang practitioners work with new arrivals          we can ensure that gang-related issues are
                  by gang-involved prisoners, and ultimately,           to the prison to identify risks and potential      taken into account before release and that
                  reducing the number of violent incidents.             points of tension, before putting a plan in        prisoners have all the support they need to
                                                                        place to prevent gang-related incidents.           sustain the progress achieved.
                  Our approach focuses on offering alternatives
                  to the supposed security and status offered        2. INTERVENTION AND R.O.A.D PROGRAMME              Catch22 can be commissioned to deliver all
                  by gangs, a strategy which research suggests          The R.O.A.D (Rehabilitation Offering            aspects of the service as a whole, but we
                  is more effective than the suppression-only           Another Direction) programme is delivered       also offer elements individually. For example,
                  approach used in many prisons.                        as part of all our services. We use a           at HMP Brinsford we delivered the R.O.A.D
                                                                        restorative approach to provide space for       programme independently of any other service.
                  Our service is delivered by gang practitioners        individuals to reflect on their experiences
                  with expertise and knowledge of gangs, their          and to set prosocial goals for their lives.
                  context in the community, and inside the
                  prison. Gang practitioners identify the specific   3. CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND MEDIATION
                  nature and impact of gang involvement                 In the event of a violent incident, our
                  within the establishment and design targeted          Catch22 Custodial Service facilitates
                  interventions informed by local context and           mediation sessions between all parties to
                  experience. They work within the prison,              resolve the issue and find a way forward.
                  developing intelligence with other prison
                  teams and arranging resettlement with
                  services in the community.

                  Working within, yet independent of, the
                  prison regime gives Catch22 a unique and
                  advantageous position. It means we’re able
                  to build trusted relationships with prisoners,        “I AM CONVINCED THAT THE WORK THEY HAVE DONE
                  without being the ones who directly enforce           HAS PREVENTED SERIOUS HARM TO MANY
                  punishment and security measures.
                                                                        PRISONERS. IT IS THEIR DRIVE AND THEIR
                                                                        UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROBLEM THAT HAS
                                                                        MADE THAMESIDE THE SAFE PLACE THAT
                                                                        PRISONERS NOW CONSIDER IT IS”
                                                                        John Biggin, former Director of HMP Thameside

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GANGS IN PRISON

EARLY IDENTIFICATION                                                                             INTERVENTION AND R.O.A.D
Gang practitioners meet with new arrivals         Our teams work closely with Police, National   We tailor interventions to each prisoner’s         WHAT R.O.A.D ACHIEVES
at the prison to establish potential conflicts,   Probation Service, Community Rehabilitation    specific needs. Gang practitioners build trust
introduce themselves and start to build a         Companies, Court and other agencies to plan    with each prisoner in order to address and         •   An alternative pro-social life direction
relationship with that person. This occurs        in advance when any high profile nominal       challenge the underlying issues causing their      •   Identifying positive relationships within
during the induction process, within 48 hours.    enters the prison.                             antisocial behaviour.                                  existing social circles
Practitioners gain sufficient information to
                                                                                                                                                    •   Improves communication skills in conflict
recommend appropriate residential locations
                                                                                                                                                        situations
for a prisoner and necessary movement
restriction, before an individual is moved onto
                                                                                                 THE R.O.A.D PROGRAMME -                            •   Teaches participants to gain perspective in
                                                                                                                                                        stressful situations
a permanent wing.                                                                                REHABILITATION OFFERING
                                                                                                                                                    •   Improves empathy skills
                                                                                                 ANOTHER DIRECTION                                  •   Develops an understanding of the wider
COORDINATED INTELLIGENCE                                                                                                                                consequences of violence
                                                                                                 Rehabilitation Offering Another Direction          •   Increases awareness and understanding of
                                                                                                 (R.O.A.D) was designed and created by gang             the impact of stereotyping and how these
Our teams work with the prison establishment
                                                                                                 practitioners at HMP Thameside, and is now             are linked to decision making
by collaborating with key departments and
                                                                                                 used across all our custodial gangs services.
agencies who are involved in the care and
management of prisoners.                                                                                                                            HOW IT WORKS
                                                                                                 R.O.A.D encourages participants to
We work with senior management teams,                                                            evaluate their past choices and address            •   Facilitated over four days
violence reduction teams and all individuals                                                     the consequences of their behaviour. The
                                                                                                                                                    •   Delivered to approximately 10 to 12
involved in maintaining a safe and secure                                                        programme seeks to encourage participants to
                                                                                                                                                        prisoners per programme
period in custody. Where required, we                                                            consider alternative pro-social life options and
will deliver monthly training sessions                                                           opportunities moving forward.                      •   Participants can self-refer or their
to share our learnings and develop                                                                                                                      involvement can be in their sentence
our programme, specific to the                                                                   The R.O.A.D programme content is supported             planning objectives or Good Order reviews
environment we are in.                                                                           by findings from Catch22 research conducted        •   Any individual may take part in our
                                                                                                 by our Bristol team, as well as an assessment          programme but those with previous gang
                                                                                                 of the prison and prisoner focus groups. We            affiliation and those who have R.O.A.D
                                                                                                 gather feedback from every cohort on how the           included in their sentence plan are
                                                                                                 programme could be improved, and R.O.A.D               prioritised
                                                                                                 evolves to reflect current issues and the
                                                                                                 latest research.                                   •   Attitudinal change is monitored throughout
                                                                                                                                                        the programme and individual feedback is
                                                                                                                                                        given as required

                                                                                                                                                    •   Participants’ behaviour is monitored before
                                                                                                                                                        and after programme attendance

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

Exercises are designed to challenge
negative attitudes, improve ‘active                                                             SESSION                            KEY MESSAGES
listening’ skills, and to give participants   CASE STUDY
the opportunity to challenge their own                                                                                         •    Group rules
thinking, even in stressful situations.       Mike* did not disclose any gang affiliation                                      •    Learning agreement
This also allows participants to              following his admission to HMP Thameside.                                        •    Team work
challenge peers’ behaviour towards                                                                                             •    Perception and attitudes
                                              Shortly after he was moved on from the            INTRODUCTION AND KEY           •    Judgement and morals
victims, prison staff and each other.         First Night Centre he was targeted by rival       CONCEPTS OF R.O.A.D            •    Awareness
                                              gang members on his wing. This was due to                                        •    Behaviour
At HMYOI Feltham, the level of
                                              ongoing gang conflict in the community.                                          •    Roles
attitudinal change monitored
throughout the delivery of R.O.A.D            Ray attempted to enter Mike’s cell and Ray                                       •    Communication/ active listening
shows that since its implementation,          threw boiling water on him.                                                      •    In-cell workbook
there has been a 64% reduction in
those that report being motivated to          Two other prisons, associates of Ray, stood
carry weapons in the community upon           outside the cell and shouted threats towards                                     •    The ripple effect of our actions
release. Being mindful of the huge risks      Mike. One of the other prisoners received a cut                                  •    Identifying triggers for violence
                                              on the face from Mike.                                                           •    Choices and options: reassessing
associated with people, particularly
                                                                                                                                    a situation
young people, carrying weapons, this
                                              Following the incident, Mike explained to                                        •    Understanding friendships
measure is a considerable result.                                                               REFLECTING AND RE-EVALUATING
                                              the practitioners that he had felt threatened                                    •    Reasoning and understanding
                                                                                                OUR MOTIVATIONS
Over the page is an example of our            by the group and so reacted as described.                                        •    Joint enterprise and consequences
programme delivered at HMYOI                  Further disclosures were made which                                              •    Family roles and role models
                                              improved our intelligence on Mike’s history.                                     •    Empathy
Feltham.
                                                                                                                               •    What is important to us as people?
                                              Gang practitioners conducted meditation                                          •    Reflection on our own situations
                                              between all parties and they all talked
                                              through the actions and thinking which led
                                              to their behaviour. The prisoners agreed                                         •    Responsibility
                                              the incident had occurred as a result of                                         •    Victim awareness
                                              a misunderstanding and a breakdown in                                            •    Perceptions and impact of behaviour
                                              communication. No further incidents have                                         •    Discuss headlines on gang and/or youth
                                              occurred between them.                            THE IMPACT OF OUR ACTIONS           violence
                                                                                                                               •    How are today’s youth perceived in the
                                                                                                                                    media?
                                                                                                                               •    How do people get involved in gang
                                                                                                                                    culture?

                                                                                                                               •    Accountability and owning our regrets and
                                                                                                                                    past
        “R.O.A.D MAKES YOU REFLECT                                                                                             •    Consequential thinking: evaluating the
                                                                                                MOVING ON AND STAYING AWAY
        UPON YOUR ACTIONS AND QUESTION                                                          FROM CRIME
                                                                                                                               •
                                                                                                                                    cost and benefit of your choices
                                                                                                                                    Is violence ever justified?
        YOURSELF ABOUT WHO YOU REALLY ARE                                                                                      •    Support in the community
                                                                                                                               •    Gang exit: support and resources to draw on
        AS A PERSON AND WHAT YOUR PARENTS
        WOULD WANT YOU TO BE.” Prisoner

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

CONFLICT RESOLUTION                                                                                                                      RESETTLEMENT
                                                                                                      CASE STUDY
WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS                                                                    Rob*, a formally gang-affiliated   Catch22’s collaboration with community-based
WITHIN THE PRISON TO REDUCE RISK                  MEDIATION                                           prisoner in Thameside was          organisations facilitates a fully supported transition
                                                                                                      employed by the team as a          from custody into community. Our focus is to
Catch22 uses conflict resolution techniques,                                                          Peer Support Worker (PSW).         promote prisoners leaving their gang-affiliated life
leading towards long-term mediation.              BRINGING TOGETHER PRISONERS TO                      His former excellent work as a     and wherever possible, we will facilitate participants’
Practitioners research volatile situations and    CREATE LASTING CHANGE IN ATTITUDE                   volunteer following release led    pro-social intentions upon release.
discuss the incident with all parties involved.   AND BEHAVIOUR                                       to this paid role.
                                                                                                                                         Our work includes ongoing reviews monitoring
This risk assessment is shared with the prison    Gang practitioners seek to identify which           Rob’s knowledge and deep           the progress and behaviour of participants in the
staff in meetings and through weekly and          prisoners would benefit from mediation as           understanding of the               lead up to their release. Our practitioners ensure
monthly reports.                                  part of their daily duties. Intelligence gathered   community gang issues              gang-related issues are taken into account at the
                                                  by gang practitioners enables them to target        made him instrumental              resettlement plan stage so that the prisoner has
                                                                                                      in helping Catch22                 all the support they need to sustain the progress
                                                  prisoners prior to conflicts escalating into
RISK MANAGEMENT                                   violence. Requests to engage may also come
                                                                                                      practitioners identify gang-       they have made. Where there are concerns for the
                                                                                                      involved prisoners when they       individuals peer group and community upon release,
                                                  from prisoners directly or from staff across the
                                                                                                      first come into custody.           we will make recommendations to prison and
                                                  prison following an incident.
Our Gangs and Violence Reduction Custodial                                                                                               probation staff, such as suggested exclusion zones.
                                                  Mediation helps resolve disputes or ongoing         Gang practitioners worked
Services assist with the safety and stability                                                         with Rob to map out potential      When release is nearing, the team link in with local
of establishments, reviewing conflicts and        tensions - whether they’ve arisen within the
                                                  prison or have followed prisoners in from the       conflicts and ongoing concerns.    Youth Offending Services, Community Rehabilitation
conducting regular local research. We have                                                            He was often involved in           Companies and the National Probation Service to
information sharing agreements in place           community. It involves bringing prisoners
                                                  together to discuss the incident directly, with     mediating conflicts between        ensure the successful reintegration of a prisoner
with prison Offender Management Units and                                                             rival groups.                      back into the community.
resettlement teams to work together on an         a view to bringing about lasting change and
ongoing basis, sharing our knowledge on issues    reducing the risk these prisoners pose to each      Rob supported gang
and potential incidents.                          other.                                              practitioners in delivery
                                                                                                      interventions, particularly
                                                                                                      in highlighting alternatives
                                                                                                      to violence, consequential
                                                                                                      thinking, and the negative

ONGOING 1:1 SESSIONS                                                                                  impact of gangs both in
                                                                                                      the community and while
                                                                                                      in custody. His experience
                                                                                                      of prison life afforded him
Catch22 Gangs Custodial Services conduct          As prisoners approach the end of their              the respect from other
ongoing one to one sessions with gang-            sentence, the team link in with the prisoner’s      prisoners, allowing them
associated prisoners to monitor their progress    Offender Supervisor, Community Offender             to relate to his story and
and how they are responding to our work with      Manager/ Responsible Officer, as well as the        take encouragement that
them. These sessions give us another chance to    resettlement teams and external organisations       alternative pro-social ways
                                                                                                      of living are achievable.
challenge pre-existing negative or pro criminal   to encourage and promote gang exit upon
attitudes, and also provide a space for the       release from custody.
prisoner to open up and get support.

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GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
GANGS IN PRISON

    CASE STUDY
                                                                                                OUR TEAM - WHAT MAKES A
    Following the arrival of a prominent gang nominal at HMP Thameside, Catch22’s
    practitioners interviewed the prisoner to establish who his current and historical
                                                                                                GOOD GANGS PRACTITIONER?
    conflicts have been with, and in which boroughs and areas, and how these were likely to
    cause issues for him.
                                                                                                •   RELATABLE Existing Gang Practitioners               •   HONEST We manage expectations and
    Details of these conflicts were raised through the prison’s security and movement               believe this is the number one quality                  avoid making promises we cannot keep. Our
    systems, restricting rival prisoners from attending the same activity at the same time.         required to be successful in their role. It is          role within the prison is specific and limited
    However, during mass movement the prisoner was assaulted and hospitalised with a
                                                                                                    essential to interact and build trust with              and we have to be able to tell prisoners
    broken jaw.
                                                                                                    prisoners in order to support them.                     what is and isn’t possible within our remit
    While investigating this incident we discovered that rival gang members, one of whom
                                                                                                •   KNOWLEDGEABLE It is imperitive to                   •   EXPERIENCED Most of the people gang
    had previously stabbed the prisoner in question, were currently in the prison. Our gang
                                                                                                    be well-informed and curious about                      practitioners work with have been through
    practitioners arranged a joint meeting with Security, Assistant Directors, Safer Custody,
    Violence Reduction and Care and Separation teams to implement a strategy to manage              gang culture and specific communities.                  struggles and hardship in their lives. We
    this risk whilst a transfer could be organised.                                                 Understanding the landscape is vital to                 should understand this and the impact
                                                                                                    working with these groups.                              such life experiences can have.
    Catch22 recommended that movements be staggered for this prisoner, and that he
    should be offered escorted movements. This was put in place by the prison teams and no      •   PATIENT Working with gang nominals is not           •   PASSIONATE Being a gang practitioner is a
    further incidents have occurred since.                                                          a linear process and sometimes, progress                tough job, but the belief that we can make
                                                                                                    is slow. Gang practitioners give it their               a difference is what keeps us going on the
                                                                                                    all, even when the impact doesn’t appear                toughest days at work.
                                                                                                    immediately obvious.
                                                                                                                                                        •   BALANCED We are as comfortable talking
                                                                                                •   RESILIENT Working in a frontline                        to a Prison Governor as we are talking to a
                                                                                                    prison service has its challenges. Gang                 prisoner and we are able to build trusted
                                                                                                    practitioners are able to see the bigger                relationships with each. Working for
                                                                                                    picture and bounce back from any setbacks               Catch22 offers a degree of independence,
                                                                                                    experienced by the people we support.                   but there is also a duty to share information
                                                                                                                                                            and keep staff and prisoners safe.

                                                                                                                   “WE HAVE SEEN THE VALUE OF WORKING
                                                                                                                   WITH GANG MEMBERS BY USING PEOPLE
                                                                                                                     WHO CAN GET CLOSE AND UNDERSTAND
                                                                                                               BETTER. WE ARE CONVINCED THIS FOCUS HAS
                                                                                                             BEEN VITAL IN THE BIG DROP IN GANG VIOLENCE
                                                                                                                                           WE HAVE SEEN.“
                                                                                                                                                     John Biggin, former Director of HMP Thameside
GANGS IN PRISON VIOLENCE REDUCTION AND REHABILITATION - Catch22
CONTACT US:
LISA SMITHERMAN, Director of Justice,
Lisa.Smitherman@catch-22.org.uk
MATTHEW RANDLE, Assistant Director of Justice,
Matthew.Randle@catch-22.org.uk
NEIL BAKER, Assistant Director of Justice,
Neil.baker@catch-22.org.uk

*All case study names in this report have been changed

                  www.catch-22.org.uk
                  020 7336 4800
                  Catch22 charity limited. Registered charity no. 1124127
                  Company limited by guarantee. Company no. 6577534
                  © Catch22 2018
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