International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan - 12 March 2018 - Vienna, Austria
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
International Protection Needs of
Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan
12 March 2018 – Vienna, Austria
Contents
• A brief history • Risk profiles
• Major incidents in Kabul, 2016- • Internal protection alternatives
2018 • Humanitarian response &
• Afghanistan at war presence
• Attacks on religious leaders and • Food security
worshippers • Livelihoods
• Regions most affected by conflict • Health
• Internal displacement – timeline • Education
• Context • Conclusion
• Ethnic diversity
A brief history…
1979-1989: Soviet occupation,
1978: Saur Revolution, People's 1996-2001: Taliban rule Kabul and
resistance by mujahideen, 6 1990s: Political instability and
Democratic Party of Afghanistan most of the country, resistance by
million refugees flee to Iran and power vacuum
seize power “Northern Alliance”
Pakistan
2014-2018: Significant increase in
violence and civilian casualties as
ANSF battle with different AGEs 2009-2013: Taliban regroup, 2002-2008: Relative improvement 2001: US-led intervention forces
including emergence of ISK. renewed insurgency and sporadic in security situation, international Taliban out of Kabul and other
Afghanistan re-classified by violence particularly in rural areas investment in reconstruction cities
UNSG from “post-conflict” to
“active conflict” in 2017.
Major incidents in Kabul, 2016-2018
Massive truck Suicide
bomb in Wazir attack in
Akbar Khan kills central Kabul
At least 32 150 and injures Attack on a near the
Taliban
killed and almost 500, Shia cultural perimeter of
militants
>80 injured significant centre kills 50 the “Green
attack Truck
in suicide damage to and injures Zone” kills 3
ANSF, at bomb and
bombing of embassies, local >80 people, and wounds
least 64 complex
a Shia businesses and mainly at least 7
killed and attack on a
mosque UNHCR office Hazara people
February >350 July hotel in September March June January
wounded Kabul 2018
2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 March
Suicide 2016 Almost 100 2016 Twin 2016 Over 100 2017 Three 2017Intercontinental 2018
attack in April Hazaras August suicide November people May explosions December
attack, VBIED February
Kabul (Shia) killed attacks in killed or at a funeral (ambulance)
kills at and 260 Kabul kill at injured by kill 20 and blast at the VBIED
least 20 injured during least 41 gunmen in wound Ministry of against
people peaceful people and attack on a almost 100 Interior (next to Australian
and protest at Deh injure >100 hospital old UNHCR Embassy
injures Mazang compound), convoy, 3
dozens Square Save the killed, 24
Children attack wounded
in Jalalabad
Afghanistan at war
Civilians casualties in Afghanistan, 2009-2017 Victim profile
30%
58%
6,834 7,469 7,924 7,015
4,368 4,709 4,821 5,669
3,557
12%
2,412 2,792 3,133 2,769 2,969 3,701 3,565 3,510 3,438
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Deaths Injured men women children
Civilian deaths / injuries by region, 2009-2017
Regions most 3,500
affected by 3,000
conflict 2,500
Southern
Central
16% of verified civilian casualties were 2,000
recorded in Kabul city in 2017
1,500 Eastern
For the first time, in 2017, UNAMA
recorded attacks by ISK outside of South Eastern
Nangarhar or Kabul, in Herat province
1,000 Northern
Western
In 2017, conflict caused new internal North Eastern
displacement in 31 out of 34 provinces
500
- Central Highlands
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Attacks on religious leaders & worshippers 38 separate attacks on places of worship, religious leaders and worshippers verified in 2017 • 3 x the number of attacks recorded in 2016 500 civilian casualties, predominantly Shia Muslims (Hazara), verified in 2017 • Double the number of casualties with this profile, compared to 2016
Gulbibi, a 70 year internally
displaced women from
Kunduz province. Gulbibi is
a widow who lives with her
daughter-in-law who has
four young children. She lost
her only son, who was a
victim in a suicide attack.
Gulbibi's eldest grandson is
six years old and collects
garbage to help the family.
Gulbibi survives through the
charity of her neighbors and
by begging in Kabul city.
© UNHCR / S.RichInternal displacement - timeline
1.8 m 1.8 m
1.8 million
1.2 m conflict 1.2 m
759 k
induced IDPs 805 k
665 k (new and protracted – est.) 631 k
448 k 486 k
332 k 352 k
274 k 297 k 316 k 259 k 231 k
297 k
160 k 184 k 160 k 143 k
129 k 154 k
15 k
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017Context
• Elections in July 2018, with National
Unity Government facing significant
political challenges
• Lack of government capacity to fund
or implement development programs
and basic services
• Deteriorating security, diminishing
humanitarian access
• Emergence of Islamic State-
Khorasan (ISK)
• Internal displacement
• Economic growth crashed from 14%
in 2012 to 2% in 2013 (2.6% in 2017)Ethnic diversity
Risk Profiles
(NB: illustrative of certain risks, not exhaustive)
Individuals perceived to Humanitarian aid and
support Government or development workers,
Tribal elders and Women and children in
international human rights activists,
religious leaders certain circumstances
community, and their and their family
family members members
Religious/ethnic Men and women
Men of fighting age,
Journalists and media minorities, diverse suspected of violating
children at risk of forced
professionals sexual Shari’a or contravening
recruitment
orientation/gender ID social moresInternal Protection Alternatives
Must be “relevant” and “reasonable”
Is the area of relocation practically, safely, and legally accessible to the individual?
Can the claimant lead a relatively normal life without facing undue hardship?
Must be more than a “safe haven” away from the area of origin
If an individual would be without family links or effective social protection from an established community
network, relocation is unlikely to be reasonableInternal Flight or Relocation Alternative “The claimant must be able to find safety and security and be free from danger and risk of injury. This must be durable, not illusory or unpredictable. In most cases, countries in the grip of armed conflict would not be safe for relocation, especially in light of shifting armed fronts which could suddenly bring insecurity to an area hitherto considered safe.”
Humanitarian
Response &
Presence
IOM Country
Office
IOM suboffice
IOM project
office
IOM: 448 staff,
4% international
UNHCR: 234
staff, 12%
international37% districts inaccessible; 11% districts where only district administrative centre is accessible
UNHCR community protection
measures programme
videoFood Security
© UNHCR / S.Rich
40% 41%
Gull Andam, age 35, with her children Hamiedulla, age 8,
people are food children < 5 and Khadija, age 4, cooking food outside her house. Gull
insecure stunted Andam and her family were displaced to Mazar city seven
months ago. Here, she works in the houses of her
neighbors and washes their clothes.Livelihoods
34% 40% © UNHCR / S.Rich
working-age Afghan population His name is Ali Muhammad. He is 57, has 8 children. His
population are live in poverty two sons-in-law were beheaded by the Taliban. In his
unemployed /
place of origin, he was busy with agriculture and
livestock. Now, not having my livestock with him, he
underemployed earns 150 Afs a day. They are three families in one house
and pay 2,500 Afs per month for rent.Health • Poor quality services, inequity in services provision, shortage of qualified health care providers particularly women • High rates of preventable maternal, infant, and child mortality and morbidity; • 46% of Afghan women were married
Education
• 2/3 girls do not go
to school
• almost 50% girls
marry before
turning 18 years of
age © UNHCR / S.Rich
• 41% of schools in Ziarahman, age 8, (left) and Rehimullah, age
10 (right) use the solar lamps provided by
Afghanistan do not UNHCR and partner to read and write and
have buildings study their lessons. Jalalabad, Afghanistan.Conclusion
Many development
Widespread and Weak governance gains since 2001
AGEs control or
escalating conflict Internal protection and rule of law, have been lost as a
contest almost half
causing record # alternatives (eg. in limited capacity of result of armed
the country, young
civilian casualties Kabul, Herat) are National Unity conflict, and serious
men and boys
especially in Kabul, not “relevant and Government and human rights
targeted by parties
forced reasonable” in the provincial violations by State
to the conflict based
displacement in absence of family authorities to and non-State
on perceived
every region, support or an deliver basic actors, which are
support/opposition,
increase in violence effective community services and the leading causes
high risk of forced
and targeted killings network implement policies of internal
recruitment
with impunity in practical terms displacement and
forced migrationYou can also read
