Introduction to Harvard Referencing - Hints & Tips Learning and Research Support Team
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Introduction to Harvard
Referencing
Hints & Tips
Learning and Research Support Team
Library & Information Services
We aim to: • Give you confidence to reference sources you use in your assignments • Help you understand why you need to reference • Show you when you need to reference • Give you some practical examples of referencing different types of material using the Harvard style
Available online via the Library Catalogue or LibGuides http://ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/login?url=http: //www.citethemrightonline.com/ Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. (Floor 2) 808.02/PEA
What is Referencing?
Identifying and listing all the sources you have
referred to in your assignment. There are 2 parts
to this:
1. Citing in the text
Godwin (2009, p. 15)
2. Creating a list of references at the end of your
assignment based on the works you have cited in the
text your assignment
Godwin, J. (2009) Planning your essay.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Why reference?
Why reference? • Acknowledge the work of other writers • Demonstrate the body of knowledge on which your work is based • Enable the reader to easily locate the sources quoted • Avoid accusations of plagiarism
What is plagiarism? “Taking and using another person’s thoughts, writings or inventions as your own without acknowledging or citing the source of ideas and expressions.” (Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 113)
Some Tips to Avoid Plagiarism • Always note down the full details of the source when taking notes – difficult and time consuming to trace later • Use quotation marks when directly stating another person’s words • Acknowledge the sources you’ve used by citing them in your work and having a reference list at the end • Use your own ideas & words • Make sure you understand what paraphrasing is
Book Reference
Author Date of Publication Title (in italics)
Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edn.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Edition – if
Place of Publication Publisher not the 1st
This information comes from the front and the back of the title page of the book
TIP – the Catalogue shows these details
In-text citation: (Cottrell, 2013) OR Cottrell (2013)
Library & Information ServicesTask Answer
Author Date of Publication Title (in italics)
Evans, S. (2009) Access to maths. Harlow:
Place of
Pearson Education. Publication
Publisher
This information comes from the front and back of the title page
In-text citation: (Evans, 2009) OR Evans (2009)Multiple Author Book Reference
Authors Date of Publication
Sambell, K., McDowell, L. and Montgomery, C. (2013)
Assessment for learning in higher education. London:
Routledge.
Publisher Title (in italics) Place Published
In-text citation: (Sambell, McDowell and Montgomery, 2013)
OR Sambell, McDowell and Montgomery (2013)
Library & Information ServicesTask Answer
Authors Date of Publication
Collins, J.A., Busby, H.R. and Staab, G.H.
Place of
(2010) Mechanical design of machine Publication
elements and machines: a failure
prevention perspective. Hoboken: John
Wiley & Sons.
Title (in italics)
Publisher
In-text citation: (Collins, Busby and Staab, 2009) OR Collins, Busby and
Staab(2009)Journal Article Reference
Author(s) Date
Grima, M., Butler, M., Hanson, R. and Mohameden, A. (2012)
‘Firework displays as sources of particles similar to gunshot residue’,
Article Science & Justice, 52(1), pp. 49-57.
title
Journal Name Volume Page
(in italics) (issue/number) numbers
This information comes from the article front page
In-text citation: (Grima et al., 2012) OR Grima et al. (2012)
Library & Information ServicesTask - Answer
Author Date Article title
Wilkinson, J. (2009) ‘Staff and student
perceptions of plagiarism and cheating’,
International Journal of Teaching and
Learning in Higher Education, 20(2),
pp. 98-105.
Journal Name (in Page numbers Volume (issue/ part
italics) number)Reference List
• Includes everything referred to in the
text
• References need to be:
– Accurate
• Are spellings and page numbers correct?
– Complete
• Is all the required information included?
– Consistent
• Are all the references presented in the same
way?What else do you need to know?
What is Paraphrasing?
“When you paraphrase, you
express someone else’s writing
in your own words, usually to
achieve greater clarity.”
(Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 9)
Library & Information ServicesQuoting and Paraphrasing • Godwin (2009, p. 15) believes that “As teachers we recognise the Quote complex nature of plagiarism” • Godwin (2009, p. 15) concluded Paraphrase that due to the complexity.... • Teachers recognise that plagiarism Paraphrase is a complex issue (Godwin, 2009, p. 15) When paraphrasing make it clear that the words or ideas are not your own.
Secondary Referencing
• There is a temptation when you find one
author quoting (or citing) another to just
lift the quote and use it:
• BUT
– You didn’t find the quote
– How do they know it is correct?
• SO
– If it isn’t possible to check the original source -
acknowledge both writers in the text but only
reference the source you have read• In-text citation • (Worrall, 1985, cited in Chalmers, 1999, p. 141) • In the reference list • Chalmers, A.F. (1999) What is this thing called Science? Maidenhead: Open University Press.
A comparative study on properties built within the last twenty years and older houses, clearly illustrated the financial and environmental benefits of investing time and money in improving home insulation. A recent survey and video underlined that as much as a third of the heat generated in homes is lost through the walls or the roof as a result of poor insulation.
A comparative study conducted by Bowman and Jenkins (2011), on properties built within the last twenty years and older houses, clearly illustrated the financial and environmental benefits of investing time and money in improving home insulation. A recent survey (Thermascan, 2012) and video (Norman, 2012) underlined that as much as a third of the heat generated in homes is lost through the walls or the roof as a result of poor insulation.
Which is true? A. Information taken from web sites needs to be referenced B. Information taken from web sites only needs to be referenced if there is a notice to say it must be acknowledged C. Information that is freely available online doesn’t need to be referenced
Referencing a Website http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/TM/curr390_guide.shtml • Author [Person or Organisation] • (Year site was published or last updated) in round brackets • Title of internet site. (in Italics) • Available at: URL of website • (Accessed: date accessed)
Task - Answer Education World (2002) Student guide to avoiding plagiarism. Available at: http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/TM/curr39 0_guide.shtml (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
Put in the correct order. A. Bond, M. and Holland, S. (2011) Skills of Clinical supervision for nurses. 2nd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press. B. Health Professions Council (2004) Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. London: HPC. C. Fowler, J. (1996 ) ‘Clinical supervision: what do you do after saying hello?’ British Journal of Nursing, 5(6), pp. 382-385. D. BBC (2003) Student nurses left to cope alone. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2976693.stm (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
BBC (2003) Student nurses left to cope alone. Available at:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2976693.stm (Accessed: 6
D
August 2013).
A Bond, M. and Holland, S. (2011) Skills of Clinical supervision
C for nurses. 2nd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
B Fowler, J. (1996 ) ‘Clinical supervision: what do you do after
saying hello?’ British Journal of Nursing, 5(6), pp. 382-385.
Health Professions Council (2004) Standards of conduct,
performance and ethics. London: HPC.Other formats – it’s not just text Images (photographs, diagrams, tables etc.), Film, Maps, Podcasts, and more Image from Internet: Judithgold (2010) Relief wells and subsea containment [Infographic]. Available at: http://visual.ly/relief-wells-and-subsea-containment (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
Don’t Forget Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available online via the Library Catalogue or LibGuides http://ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/login?url=htt p://www.citethemrightonline.com/ (Floor 2) 808.02/PEA
Finally • Practice! The more you reference the easier it gets. • Check on LibGuides and use ‘Cite them right’ • Help is always available so please ask
Other useful workshops • RefWorks – basic and advanced • Critical Thinking • Doing a Literature Search • Details on the Library website
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