IORA dan Maritime Security Samudera Hindia - Iwan Sulistyo

IORA dan
Maritime Security
Samudera Hindia
          Iwan Sulistyo
   Jurusan Hubungan Internasional
      FISIP Universitas Lampung
                 1

Argumen
Penting untuk menjamin keamanan maritim di
Samudera Hindia agar jalur pelayaran resmi
dapat dilalui ‘secara aman’ (minim atau bebas
dari ancaman) oleh kapal-kapal kargo dan tanker.
Dengan begitu, kepentingan (utamanya,
pembangunan perdagangan/ekonomi — “the
Blue Economy”) semua negara anggota IORA
dapat terjaga.
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Garis Besar Paparan
                   Bagian 1

               Maritime Security
                   Bagian 2

      Ancaman Keamanan di Samudera Hindia

                   Bagian 3

      Peran IORA dan Indonesia
           3

Bagian 1
Maritime Security

        4

Konsep Maritime Security
• “… no international consensus over the definition..”
• Three frameworks (developed from security studies):
  • “Maritime security can firstly be understood in a matrix of its relation to other
   concepts, such as marine safety, seapower, blue economy and resilience.

 • Secondly, the securitization framework, allows to study how maritime threats
   are made and which divergent political claims these entail in order to uncover
   political interests and divergent ideologies.

 • Thirdly, security practice theory enables the study of what actors actually do
   when they claim to enhance maritime security. Together these frameworks
   allow for the mapping of maritime security.” (Chris'an Bueger, ‘What is Mari'me Security? ’,
                                                5         Marine Policy 53 (2015), 159–164)

(Chris'an Bueger, ‘What is Mari'me Security? ’,
6   Marine Policy 53 (2015), 159–164)

Bagian 2

Ancaman Keamanan
di Samudera Hindia

        7

The Indian Ocean
“As the third largest ocean woven together by
trade routes, commands control of major sea-lanes
carrying half of the world’s container ships, one
third of the world’s bulk cargo traffic and two
thirds of the world’s oil shipments, the Indian
Ocean remains an important lifeline to
international trade and transport.”
                                 http://www.iora.net/en/about/about-iora
                        8

Anggota-anggota IORA
           Members: (21)

1. Australia
2. Comoros
3. Indonesia                 Dialogue Partners: (7)
4. Somalia
5. Kenya                                               Observer: (1)
6. Malaysia                 1.China
7. Mozambique                                              IORG
8. Singapore                2.France                  (the Indian Ocean
9. Sri Lanka
10.Thailand                 3.Japan                    Research Group)
11.Yamen
12.Bangladesh
                            4.the U.S.A.
13.India
14.Seychelles
                            5.Germany
15.Iran                     6.the U.K.                   Actors/
16.Madagascar
17.Mauritius                7.Egypt                   agents lain di
18.Oman
19.South Africa
                                                       luar IORA?
20.Tanzania
21.United Arab Emirates               9                       http://www.iora.net

Trade Route by the Sea

    https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c9/22/c7/c922c7c1b24de979c6b0d2500ad97ef7.jpg
                  10

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi9ktH037jXAhUIuo8KHVoUDUMQFghCMAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgeopoliticalfutures.com%2Ftop-container-ship-trade-
routes%2F%3Fformat%3Dpdf&usg=AOvVaw2HDtqLTXGkmpf0mXyjr0EZ
                                                                                                 11

(UNODC, The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, 2010, p. 20)

Ancaman Keamanan Maritim
                       di Samudera Hindia?

“Threats from piracy, armed robbery at sea,
terrorism, arms smuggling, drugs, human-
trafficking and illegal immigration are the
non-traditional security concerns in the
region.”
‘Concept Note’, 2nd IORA Meeting of Experts for Maritime Safety and Security,
New Delhi, India, 7-8 November 2017
                                      13

Piracy di Somalia

  (UNODC, The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational
    Organized Crime Threat Assessment, 2010, p. 12)

 14

PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS

                      REPORT FOR THE PERIOD OF 1 January – 30 June 2017

                               ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU

Bagian 3
Peran IORA dan Indonesia

           16

Charter of the IORA (2014)
• “a sense of recovery of history”
• “increased intensity in regional economic co-operation”
• “economic interaction”
• “mutual benefit”
• “a spirit of equality”
• “geo-economic linkages among Member States”
• “improving their standards of living and quality of life”
                               17

Charter of the IORA (2014)

"The priority areas are: (i) Maritime Safety and
 Security; (ii) Trade and Investment Facilitation; (iii)
 Fisheries Management; (iv) Disaster Risk
 Management; (v) Academic, Science & Technology
 Cooperation; and (vi) Tourism and Cultural
 Exchanges;”

                           18

https://www.kemlu.go.id/Buku/IORA%20Action%20Plan.pdf
                        19

2nd IORA Meeting of Experts for Maritime Safety and Security,
          New Delhi, India, 7-8 November 2017

“Blueprint for Maritime Safety and Security in IORA”

—> “identify governance, surveillance, and
preventive as well as protective measures to deal
with threats in the domain of Maritime Safety and
Security in the IOR.”
                              20

UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme
                                   (GMCP), 2009

                                                     “Counter-piracy initiatives”

http://www.unodc.org/images/easternafrica//piracy/
MCP_homepage_1.jpg

Peran apa yang mampu dimainkan
           oleh Indonesia?

•Tema keketuaan Indonesia di IORA:
“Strengthening Maritime
Cooperation in a Peaceful and
Stable Indian Ocean”
                  22

Terima Kasih

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