Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence - Edited by R. Goebel, J. Siekmann, and W. Wahlster - Computational Processing of the Portuguese ...
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Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5190 Edited by R. Goebel, J. Siekmann, and W. Wahlster Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
António Teixeira Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima Luís Caldas de Oliveira Paulo Quaresma (Eds.) Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language 8th International Conference, PROPOR 2008 Aveiro, Portugal, September 8-10, 2008 Proceedings 13
Series Editors Randy Goebel, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Jörg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Wolfgang Wahlster, DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Volume Editors António Teixeira Universidade de Aveiro, Dep. de Electrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, and Instituto de Engenharia Electrónica e Telemática de Aveiro (IEETA) 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal E-mail: ajst@ua.pt Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Informática, Grupo PLN 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil E-mail: vera.strube@pucrs.br Luís Caldas de Oliveira Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, and INESC-ID, L2F 1000 Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: lco@inesc-id.pt Paulo Quaresma Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Informática 7000-671 Évora, Portugal E-mail: pq@di.uevora.pt Library of Congress Control Number: 2008933855 CR Subject Classification (1998): H.3.1, H.5.2, I.2.1, I.2.7 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 7 – Artificial Intelligence ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-85979-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-85979-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 12513574 06/3180 543210
Preface
The International Conference on Computational Processing on Portuguese, for-
merly the Workshop on Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language
– PROPOR – is the main event in the area of Natural Language Processing that
focuses on Portuguese and the theoretical and technological issues related to this
specific language. The meeting has been a very rich forum for the interchange of
ideas and partnerships for the research communities dedicated to the automated
processing of the Portuguese language.
This year’s PROPOR, the first one to adopt the International Conference la-
bel, followed workshops held in Lisbon, Portugal (1993), Curitiba, Brazil (1996),
Porto Alegre, Brazil (1998), Évora, Portugal (1999), Atibaia, Brazil (2000), Faro,
Portugal (2003) and Itatiaia, Brazil (2006).
The constitution of a steering committee (PROPOR Committee), an interna-
tional program committee, the adoption of high-standard refereing procedures
and the support of the prestigious ACL and ISCA international associations
demonstrate the steady development of the field and of its scientific community.
A total of 63 papers were submitted to PROPOR 2008. Each submitted
paper received a careful, triple-blind review by the program committee or by
their commitment. All those who contributed are mentioned on the following
pages. The reviewing process led to the selection of 21 regular papers for oral
presentation and 16 short papers for poster sessions.
The workshop and this book were structured around the following main top-
ics: Speech Analysis; Ontologies, Semantics and Anaphora Resolution; Speech
Synthesis; Machine Learning Applied to Natural Language Processing; Speech
Recognition and Natural Language Processing Tools and Applications. Short
papers and related posters were organized according to the two main areas of
PROPOR: Natural Language Processing and Speech Technology.
This year’s PROPOR had two important novelties: one was the fact that
the two main areas of the conference were more equally represented and the
other was the inclusion of a special session dedicated to Applications of Por-
tuguese Speech and Language Technologies. The special session, promoted by
the Microsoft Language Development Center (MLDC), provided an opportunity
for university and industrial communities working on portuguese natural lan-
guage processing and speech technology to report their most recent products,
systems, resources or tools for Portuguese. Two satellite events were also or-
ganized in association with PROPOR: the Second HAREM Workshop, Named
Entity Recognition in Portuguese, and the workshop “Ten years of Linguateca”.
We would like to express here our thanks to all members of our technical
program committee and additional reviewers, as listed on the following pages.
We are especially grateful to our invited speakers, Tanja Schultz (Univer-
sity of Karlsruhe and CMU) and Chris Quirk (Microsoft), for their invaluableVI Preface
contribution, which undoubtedly increased the interest in the conference and its
quality.
We are indebted to the PROPOR 2008 secretary, Anabela Viegas, for all her
support.
We would like to publicly acknowledge the institutions and companies with-
out which this conference would not have been possible: Universidade de Aveiro,
Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Associa-
tion for Computational Linguistics (ACL), International Speech Communication
Association (ISCA), ISCA Special Interest Group on Iberian Language (SIG-IL),
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Microsoft, Springer, !UZ Tech-
nologies, DESIGNEED and Grande Hotel da Curia.
June 2008 António Teixeira
Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima
Luı́s Caldas de Oliveira
Paulo QuaresmaOrganization
Conference Chair
António Teixeira DETI/IEETA, Universidade de Aveiro,
Portugal
Program Co-chairs
Vera Lúcia Strube
de Lima Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
Luı́s Caldas de Oliveira L2F/INESC-ID, IST, Portugal
Publication Chair
Paulo Quaresma Universidade de Évora, Portugal
Program Committee
Alexandre Agustini Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
Sandra Aluisio Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Amália Andrade CLUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Jorge Baptista Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
Plı́nio Barbosa Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Dante Barone Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Steven Bird University of Melbourne, Australia
Antonio Bonafonte Universitat Politècnia de Catalunya, Spain
António Branco Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Luı́s Caldas de Oliveira INESC-ID/IST, Portugal
Nick Campbell NiCT/ATR, Japan
Diamantino Caseiro INESC-ID, Portugal
Berthold Crysmann Bonn University, Germany
Gaël Dias Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
Bento Dias da Silva Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Marcelo Finger IME- USP, Brazil
Diamantino Freitas Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do
Porto, Portugal
Pablo Gamallo Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,
SpainVIII Organization
Caroline Hagège Xerox Research Centre Europe, France
Julia Hirschberg Columbia University, USA
Isabel Hub Faria Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Tracy Holloway King Palo Alto Research Center, USA
Eric Laporte Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France
Gabriel Lopes Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Saturnino Luz Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Lúcia Machado Rino Dep. de Computação, Universidade Federal de
São Carlos, Brazil
Sandra Madureira Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica de São Paulo,
Brazil
Belinda Maia Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto,
Portugal
Ranniery Maia ATR Spoken Language Communication Labs,
Japan
Nuno Mamede INESC-ID/IST, Portugal
Jean-Luc Minel MoDyCo, CNRS, France
Climent Nadeu Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
João Neto INESC-ID/IST, Portugal
Viviane Moreira Orengo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Manuel Palomar Universidad de Alicante, Spain
Fernando Perdigão Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Carlos Prolo Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
Paulo Quaresma Universidade de Évora, Portugal
Violeta Quental Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
Elisabete Ranchhod Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Fernando Gil
Resende Jr. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
António Ribeiro IPSC, Italy
Irene Rodrigues Departamento de Informática, Universidade
de Évora, Portugal
Solange Rossato University of Grenoble 3, France
Diana Santos SINTEF, Norway
Luı́s Seabra Lopes DETI/IEETA, Universidade de Aveiro,
Portugal
António Serralheiro INESC-ID and Academia Militar, Portugal
Vera Strube de Lima Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
António Teixeira DETI/IEETA, Universidade de Aveiro,
PortugalOrganization IX
Ana Maria
Tramunt Ibaños Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
Isabel Trancoso INESC-ID/IST, Portugal
João Veloso Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Renata Vieira UNISINOS, Brazil
Aline Villavicencio Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Fábio Violaro Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Maria das
Graças Volpe Nunes Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Dina Wonsever Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
Nestor Yoma Universidad de Chile, Chile
Additional Reviewers
Petra Wagner Bonn University, Germany
Luı́sa Coheur INESC-ID, Portugal
José Adrián
Rodrı́guez Fonollosa Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Thiago Pardo Universidade de São Paulo, BrazilTable of Contents
Speech Analysis
Event Detection by HMM, SVM and ANN: A Comparative Study . . . . . . 1
Carla Lopes and Fernando Perdigão
Frication and Voicing Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Luis M.T. Jesus and Philip J.B. Jackson
A Spoken Dialog System Speech Interface Based on a Microphone
Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Gustavo Esteves Coelho, António Joaquim Serralheiro, and
João Paulo Neto
Ontologies, Semantics and Anaphora Resolution
PAPEL: A Dictionary-Based Lexical Ontology for Portuguese . . . . . . . . . 31
Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira, Diana Santos, Paulo Gomes, and Nuno Seco
Comparing Window and Syntax Based Strategies for Semantic
Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Pablo Gamallo Otero
The Mitkov Algorithm for Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese . . . . . . . . . 51
Amanda Rocha Chaves and Lucia Helena Machado Rino
Semantic Similarity, Ontologies and the Portuguese Language: A Close
Look at the subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Juliano Baldez de Freitas, Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima, and
Josiane Fontoura dos Anjos Brandolt
Speech Synthesis
Boundary Refining Aiming at Speech Synthesis Applications . . . . . . . . . . 71
Monique V. Nicodem, Sandra G. Kafka, Rui Seara Jr., and Rui Seara
Evolutionary-Based Design of a Brazilian Portuguese Recording Script
for a Concatenative Synthesis System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Monique Vitório Nicodem, Izabel Christine Seara, Daiana dos Anjos,
Rui Seara Jr., and Rui Seara
DIXI – A Generic Text-to-Speech System for European Portuguese . . . . . 91
Sérgio Paulo, Luı́s C. Oliveira, Carlos Mendes, Luı́s Figueira,
Renato Cassaca, Céu Viana, and Helena MonizXII Table of Contents European Portuguese Articulatory Based Text-to-Speech: First Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 António Teixeira, Catarina Oliveira, and Plı́nio Barbosa Machine Learning Applied to Natural Language Processing Statistical Machine Translation of Broadcast News from Spanish to Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Raquel Sánchez Martı́nez, João Paulo da Silva Neto, and Diamantino António Caseiro Combining Multiple Features for Automatic Text Summarization through Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Daniel Saraiva Leite and Lucia Helena Machado Rino Some Experiments on Clustering Similar Sentences of Texts in Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Eloize Rossi Marques Seno and Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes Portuguese Part-of-Speech Tagging Using Entropy Guided Transformation Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Cı́cero Nogueira dos Santos, Ruy L. Milidiú, and Raúl P. Renterı́a Learning Coreference Resolution for Portuguese Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 José Guilherme C. de Souza, Patricia Nunes Gonçalves, and Renata Vieira Speech Recognition and Applications Domain Adaptation of a Broadcast News Transcription System for the Portuguese Parliament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Luı́s Neves, Ciro Martins, Hugo Meinedo, and João Neto Automatic Classification and Transcription of Telephone Speech in Radio Broadcast Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Alberto Abad, Hugo Meinedo, and João Neto A Platform of Distributed Speech Recognition for the European Portuguese Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 João Miranda and João P. Neto Natural Language Processing Tools and Applications Supporting e-Learning with Language Technology for Portuguese . . . . . . 192 Mariana Avelãs, António Branco, Rosa Del Gaudio, and Pedro Martins
Table of Contents XIII ParaMT: A Paraphraser for Machine Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Anabela Barreiro POSTERS Natural Language Processing Second HAREM: New Challenges and Old Wisdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Diana Santos, Cláudia Freitas, Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira, and Paula Carvalho Floresta Sintá(c)tica: Bigger, Thicker and Easier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Cláudia Freitas, Paulo Rocha, and Eckhard Bick The Identification and Description of Frozen Prepositional Phrases through a Corpus-Oriented Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Milena Garrão, Violeta Quental, Nuno Caminada, and Eckhard Bick CorrefSum: Referencial Cohesion Recovery in Extractive Summaries . . . . 224 Patrı́cia Nunes Gonçalves, Renata Vieira, and Lucia Helena Machado Rino Answering Portuguese Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Luı́s Fernando Costa and Luı́s Miguel Cabral XisQuê: An Online QA Service for Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 António Branco, Lino Rodrigues, João Silva, and Sara Silveira Using Semantic Prototypes for Discourse Status Classification . . . . . . . . . 236 Sandra Collovini, Luiz Carlos Ribeiro Jr., Patricia Nunes Gonçalves, Vinicius Muller, and Renata Vieira Using System Expectations to Manage User Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Filipe M. Martins, Ana Mendes, Joana Paulo Pardal, Nuno J. Mamede, and João P. Neto Speech and Language Processing Adaptive Modeling and High Quality Spectral Estimation for Speech Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Luı́s Coelho and Daniela Braga On the Voiceless Aspirated Stops in Brazilian Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Mariane Antero Alves, Izabel Christine Seara, Fernando Santana Pacheco, Simone Klein, and Rui Seara
XIV Table of Contents Comparison of Phonetic Segmentation Tools for European Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Luı́s Figueira and Luı́s C. Oliveira Spoltech and OGI-22 Baseline Systems for Speech Recognition in Brazilian Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Nelson Neto, Patrick Silva, Aldebaro Klautau, and Andre Adami Development of a Speech Recognizer with the Tecnovoz Database . . . . . . 260 José Lopes, Cláudio Neves, Arlindo Veiga, Alexandre Maciel, Carla Lopes, Fernando Perdigão, and Luı́s Sá Dynamic Language Modeling for the European Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Ciro Martins, António Teixeira, and João Neto An Approach to Natural Language Equation Reading in Digital Talking Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Carlos Juzarte Rolo and António Joaquim Serralheiro Topic Segmentation in a Media Watch System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Rui Amaral and Isabel Trancoso Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
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