MULTISENSORY METHODS FOR STUDYING HUMAN VALUES AND EXPERIENCES IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
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MULTISENSORY METHODS FOR STUDYING HUMAN
VALUES AND EXPERIENCES IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Silviya Korpilo
Post-doctoral Researcher
Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science
Human-Nature Transformations Research Group
23/04/2021 1
DOMINANCE OF THE EYE
• Humans engage and connect with the environment through multiple senses that shape their
experiences, emotions and memories, thus affecting response behavior, restoration processes
and sense of place (Aletta et al., 2016; Payne, 2020; Ratcliffe et al., 2013, 2016).
• Perceptual experience is often multimodal. Multimodality integrates different senses into one
unified perceptual experience.
• Research and landscape planning has been mostly focusing on visual biophysical data and/or
the perceptions and preferences of citizens towards visual characteristics of the environment
(e.g. aesthetics, infrastructure, facilities) often ignoring other sensory systems (e.g. auditory and
olfactory)
• Sound is understood and studied in planning and policy mostly as ‘waste’ and a source of
discomfort (e.g. noise maps) (Brown, 2011; Margaritis et al., 2020; Rey Gozalo et al., 2015).
• Soundscape research identifies sound as a ‘resource’ which can be modified and used to
improve sensory experiences (Axelsson et al., 2010, Preis et al., 2015).
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MULTISENSORY PERCEPTION
• Sensory perception is highly contextual and temporal
• Sensory perception is an active process: Senses are
not just reactions as passive reception of stimuli,
perceptual systems are active processes including both
‘sensation’ (detection and mediation of environmental
stimuli) and ‘cognition’ (meaning making including
memories, recognition, association, and other mental
processes that are individually and culturally mediated)
(Gibson, 1983; Rodaway, 1994)
• Sensory perception is an adaptive process modified by
learning e.g. after practice, you smell and taste more
precisely, listen more carefully (Gibson, 1966; Malnar &
Vodvarka, 2004) and/or we become less sensitive to the
Sensory Notation tool (Lucas & Romice, 2010) stimuli
SOUNDSCAPES
Soundscape – “acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or
understood by a person or people, in context” (ISO/TS 12913-2:2018;
Axelsson et al, 2020)
Soundscape source (natural, human, technological) and soundscape
attributes (eventful, vibrant, pleasant, calm, uneventful, monotonous,
annoying, chaotic)
Acoustic environment can be actual or simulated, outdoor or indoor, as
experienced or in memory.
(Kogan et al. 2017)
SOUNDSCAPE MAPPING USING SOUNDWALKS
Noise map (Lday) Sound map of water features Sound map of birdsongs
(Aletta & Kang, 2015)
SMELLSCAPES
• Smell perception is influenced by individual factors (e.g. gender, age,
bodily state); environmental characteristics (air quality, natural
elements, temperature, wind flow strength); odour characteristics
(e.g. intensity, rate of evaporation, toxicity, familiarity
• Smell and memory: compared with memories gained through other
senses, odour experiences can be more frequently recalled after many
years (Engen, 1982 in Henshaw, 2014)
Smellscape pleasantness model (Xiao et al, 2018)
23.4.2021 6
https://goodcitylife.org/
Aesthetics (N=588) Biodiversity (N=588)
Multisensory PPGIS in Helsinki
Pleasant sounds (N=657) Unpleasant sounds (N=482)
Kalasatama:
mpt.link/smartgreen_kalasatama
Kuninkaantammi:
mpt.link/smartgreen_kuninkaantammi
Korpilo et al. (unpublsihed work) 23/04/2021 8
MULTISENSORY PERCEPTION AND WELL-BEING
(Buxton et al, 2021)
• Positive effect of natural sounds on human well-being
• Bird diversity improves well-being (e.g. Hedblom et al,
2017; Ratcliffe et al, 2016)
• Some senses may have stronger effects than other
senses such as odour (Hedblom et al, 2019)
“DISCIPLINED RESEARCH IN
UNDISCIPLINED SETTINGS”*
The walking route and the EDA levels along the route of one of the participants.
(Birenboim, 2019) The walking route and the avarage EDA levels
(MM/min) along the route of six participants.
(Korpilo et al., unpublished work )
*(Foley et al. 2019)DISCUSSION TOPICS
• Have you used multisensory methods and tools in your work
and if yes, what kind of?
• How do you think these methods/tools can be further
developed into the future?
23/04/2021 11THANK YOU! Silviya Korpilo silviya.korpilo@helsinki.fi Human-Nature Transformations Research Group https://smartergreenercities.com/
REFERENCES
• Aletta, F., Lepore, F., Kostara-Konstantinou, E., Kang, J., & Astolfi, A. (2016). An experimental study on the influence of soundscapes on people’s behaviour in an open public space. Applied Sciences
https://doi.org/10.3390/app6100276
• Aletta, F, Kang, J., (2015). Soundscape approach integrating noise mapping techniques: a case study in Brighton, UK. Noise Mapp., 2 (1) pp. 1-12
• Axelsson, Ö., Nilsson, M. E., & Berglund, B. (2010). A principal components model of soundscape perception. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128(5), 2836–2846.
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3493436
• Brown, A. L. (2011). Advancing the concepts of soundscapes and soundscape planning. Australian Acoustical SocietyConference 2011, Acoustics 2011: Breaking New Ground, 115, 298–305
• Buxton, R.T., Pearson, A.L, Allou, C, Fristrup, K., & Wittemyer, G (2021). A synthesis of health benefits of natural sounds and their distribution in national parks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
118 (14) e2013097118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013097118
• Foley, R., Bell, S.L., Gittens, H., Grove, H., Kaley, A., McLauchlan, A., Osbourne, T. and Power, A., (2019). ‘Disciplined research in undisciplined settings’: Critical explorations of In‐Situ and Mobile Methodologies
in Geographies of Health and Wellbeing. Area. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12604
• Hedblom, M., Gunnarsson, B., Iravani, B., Knez, I., Schaefer, M., Thorsson, P., & Lundström, J. N. (2019). Reduction of physiological stress by urban green space in a multisensory virtual experiment. Scientific
Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46099-7
• Kang, J., Aletta, F., Gjestland, T. T., Brown, L. A., Botteldooren, D., Schulte-Fortkamp, B., Lercher, P., van Kamp, I., Genuit, K., Fiebig, A., Bento Coelho, J. L., Maffei, L., & Lavia, L. (2016). Ten questions on the
soundscapes of the built environment. Building and Environment, 108, 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.08.011
• Kogan, P., Turra, B., Arenas, J. P., and Hinalaf, M. (2017). A comprehensive methodology for the multidimensional and synchronic data collecting in soundscape. Sci. Total Environ. 580, 1068–1077. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.061
• Raymond, L., and Romice, O. (2010). Assessing the Multi-Sensory Qualities of Urban Space." Psyecology, 1.2 (2010): 263-76.
• Margaritis, E., Kang, J., Aletta, F., & Axelsson, Ö. (2020). On the relationship between land use and sound sources in the urban environment. Journal of Urban Design, 25(5), 626–642.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2020.1730691
• Payne, Sarah R., Nordh, H., & Hassan, R. (2020). Are urban park soundscapes restorative or annoying? Euronoise 2015.
• Preis, A., Kociński, J., Hafke-Dys, H., & Wrzosek, M. (2015). Audio-visual interactions in environment assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 523, 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.128
• Ratcliffe, E., Gatersleben, B., & Sowden, P. T. (2013). Bird sounds and their contributions to perceived attention restoration and stress recovery. Journal of Environmental Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.08.004
• Ratcliffe, E., Gatersleben, B., & Sowden, P. T. (2016). Associations with bird sounds: How do they relate to perceived restorative potential? Journal of Environmental Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.05.009
• Rey Gozalo, G., Trujillo Carmona, J., Barrigón Morillas, J. M., Vílchez-Gómez, R., & Gómez Escobar, V. (2015). Relationship between objective acoustic indices and subjective assessments for the quality of
soundscapes. Applied Acoustics, 97, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.03.020
• Xiao, J.; Tait, M.; Kang, J. (2018) A perceptual model of smellscape pleasantness. Cities, 76, 105-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.01.013
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