Oceans & Human Health: Benefits - EurOCEAN conferences
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EurOCEAN 2019
Oceans & Human Health: Benefits
Dr. Mat White
(Environmental Psychologist)
mathew.white@exeter.ac.uk
1,4
population with "good health"
1,2
Age standardised % of
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
50km
Home distance to coast
Bluehealth is funded by the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme, grant agreement No. 666773.
The benefits to health and wellbeing
Dr Richard Russell (1687– 1759) Dr Fortescue Fox
(1934 & 1938 Lancet)
Royal Sea Bathing Hospital (Est.1791) Charlier & Chaineux
(2009) Thalassotherapy
Flashback # 1: EurOCEAN 2014 Rome
Method Pros (inc.) Cons (inc.) Our studies
Systematic reviews Better overview; Meta- Exclusion of important - Blue health
analyse data studies; Non-weighting of - Attention Restoration
quality criterion - Nature volunteering
Where people live Representative samples Causality? - Census (N = 48 million)
Some longitudinal data Multiple confounders - BHPS (N = 12,000 x 18 yrs)
Visitor surveys Big numbers / Multiple Memory biases, selection - MENE (N = 280,000)
environments (controls) effects - Wembury surveys
Voluntary/chosen - Surfing / sailing studies
Lab experiments Reduced confounds & Small Ns (convenience - Videos/photos/sounds
selection effects. Increased samples); non-ecological - Attention processes
understanding of underlying e.g. may miss synergistic - Delay of gratification
processes effects - Pain
Field experiments Realistic exposure conditions Hard to randomise/blind to - Marine Aquarium
with some control condition - Dental surgeries
- Walking brochures
Narrative interviews In-depth understand of Unrepresentative samples - Parent/child interviews
people’s motives & beliefs Demand characteristics - Sailing/surfing programmes
White et al. (2016). The ‘Blue Gym’: What can blue space do for you and what can you do for blue space? JMBA,96, 5-12.
White et al. (2016). The health effects of blue exercise in the UK. In J. Barton (Eds), Green Exercise: Linking Nature, Health and Well-Being
White et al. (2018). Blue landscapes and public health. In M. van den Bosch & W. Bird (eds). Landscape and Public Health (pp154-159). Oxford: OUP
Census Data & Health
Self-reported health
Census Data (England, n = 48 million)
1,4
Age standardised % of population
1,2
Do people who live near the coast exercise more?
MENE n = 183,755 – “How many days a week of ≥
30mins exercise” (Recommendations: 5 or more)
1,16
1,14
Odds Ratio for meeting physical activity
1,12
1,1
1,08
1,06
guidelines
1,04
1,02
1
0,98 ref
Error bars:
95% CI
0,96
0,94
20km
Controlling for area (income etc.) Home (LSOA) distance from the coast
and individual controls (age,
gender, dog ownership etc).
White, Wheeler, Herbert, Alcock & Depledge (2014). Preventive Medicine, 69, 135-140.
MacKerron & Mourato (2013)
Participants: >10,000 Mappiness i-phones:
Exposure: Experience Sampling Method 1.1 million moments
Outcomes: 100 point happiness score
7
Happiness (0-100) Constant = 60
6 ***
5
4
3 **
2 *** *** *** **
1 ***
0
** p < .01; *** p
Monetising health benefits by examining QALY values Participants: n = 8,290 English population (Health Survey for England) Exposure: Watersports Outcomes: Annual energy expenditure Estimated: £593 million per year in health related value from watersports in England Papathanasopoulou, E., White, M. P., Hattam, C., Lannin, A., Harvey, A., & Spencer, A. (2016). Valuing the health benefits of physical activities in the marine environment and their importance for marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 63, 144-152.
Oceans and human health EU: Rome Declaration 2014
Policy Goal 1: Valuing the
Ocean
“Europe needs a coordinated,
interdisciplinary and integrated
programme on Oceans and
Human Health, understanding
and managing the risks and
benefits of our interactions with
the seas”
Creating a research agenda for Europe & Beyond
€6,000,000 €2,000,000 £6,000,000
2016 2020 2017 2020 2018 2022
Build capacity for
Investigate the Produce a research sustainable interactions
relationship between agenda for oceans with marine ecosystems
urban blue infrastructure and human health for for the benefit of health,
and health and the European context well-being, and
wellbeing in Europe livelihoods of coastal
communities in
Southeast Asia
Bluehealth is funded by the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme, grant agreement No. 666773.
BlueHealth Pan European project looking at blue space & health across 14 European (+ 4 non-European countries). WP1 - Management WP2 – Large surveys WP3 – Natural experiments WP4 – Health care & VR WP5 – Acupuncture interventions WP6 – Future scenarios WP7 – Policy development (WHO) WP8 – Communication/Dissemination
Blue health survey (n > 18,000)
BlueHealth Pan European project looking at blue space & health across 14 European (+ 4 non-European countries). WP1 - Management WP2 – Large surveys WP3 – Natural experiments WP4 – Health care & VR WP5 – Acupuncture interventions WP6 – Future scenarios WP7 – Policy development (WHO) WP8 – Communication/Dissemination
Improving access for improved health High deprivation, mainly social housing, and poorly maintained park/beach area
Creating a research agenda for Europe & Beyond
€6,000,000 €2,000,000 £6,000,000
2016 2020 2017 2020 2018 2022
Build capacity for
Investigate the Produce a research sustainable interactions
relationship between agenda for oceans with marine ecosystems
urban blue infrastructure and human health for for the benefit of health,
and health and the European context well-being, and
wellbeing in Europe livelihoods of coastal
communities in
Southeast Asia
Bluehealth is funded by the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme, grant agreement No. 666773.SOPHIE overview
Creating a research agenda for Europe & Beyond
€6,000,000 €2,000,000 £6,000,000
2016 2020 2017 2020 2018 2022
Build capacity for
Investigate the Produce a research sustainable interactions
relationship between agenda for oceans with marine ecosystems
urban blue infrastructure and human health for for the benefit of health,
and health and the European context well-being, and
wellbeing in Europe livelihoods of coastal
communities in
Southeast Asia
Bluehealth is funded by the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme, grant agreement No. 666773.Blue Communities: Sustainable Marine Planning
Oceans & human health: 2014-2019
Take home message
• We’ve made a huge effort to
deliver on EurOCEAN 2014 goals
• But for Europe to be leader in the
field there is a lot left to do
• Visit SOPHIE website to find out
how to get involved
“Europe needs a coordinated,
interdisciplinary and integrated
programme on Oceans and
Human Health, understanding
and managing the risks and
benefits of our interactions
with the seas”
https://sophie2020.eu/https://sophie2020.eu/
Oceans & Human Health: Benefits
Mat White (https://www.ecehh.org/people/dr-mathew-white/)
Sophie Davison Lewis Elliott Lora Fleming Jo Garrett
James Grellier Sabine Pahl Tim Taylor Ben Wheeler
+ Claire Eatock, Jacqui Eales, Ruth Garside, Caroline Hattam, Karyn Morrissey, Rebecca Shellock,
Alex Smalley, Em Squire, Nicole van den Bogerd, Anastacia Voronkova, Nicky Yeo.You can also read
