South Indian Cultures, Traditions, and People - Divyapriya Govindaraj Ph.D. Fulbright-Nehru Postdoctoral Fellow
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
South Indian
Cultures, Traditions, and
People
Divyapriya Govindaraj Ph.D.
Fulbright-Nehru Postdoctoral Fellow
divyapriyag@vt.edu
A vEry veRy very bRoad joUrney
tHROuGh ThE divErsE cUltRes oF
SoUth INdiA
10/03/2021 2
What is culture ? • “Set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.“ By UNESCO • Way of living • Culture is dynamic not static • No culture is inferior or superior. Period ! 10/03/2021 3
India: Land of Diversity
• Unity in diversity is the principle of our nationality
• 22 official languages
• 7 major religion (Hinduism, Islam, Christianity,
Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Parsi)
• Birth of Jainism, Buddhidm, Hinduism and Sikhism
• Geographical diversity
• Complex History
• 1.3 Billion population
• Sovereign socialist secular and democratic republic
10/03/2021 4
Complex history of India
Medieval India ( 6th Modern India (16th Post Independence
Ancient India (2500 BCE- CE 750)
to 16th century ) century- 1947) (1947- till date)
• Indus valley Civilization (2500 BCE) • Delhi Sultanate • Small States • Sovereign socialist
• Vedic Age (1500 BCE- 600 BCE) • Mughal Empire • Arrival of secular and
• Age of Mahajanapadas (BCE 600 to BCE • Marathas European democratic
300) • Vijayanagar companies republic
• Mauryan Empire Empire (Portuguese,
• Post Mauryan period ( 200 BCE to 300 • Pallava dynasty British, Dutch,
CE) • Imperial Chola French etc. )
• Gupta Empire (320 CE to CE 550) • Chalukya • British rule
• Post Gupta ( up to CE 750) • Rashtrakuta • Freedom struggle
• South India (Sangam Age- Chola, Chera
and Pandya dynasty )
10/03/2021 5
Diversity in Geography 10/03/2021 6
South India
• Broadly considered as Dravidian culture
• Politically divided in to four states based on language
• Entirely in the peninsular part of India
• Entirely different cultures
Tamil Karnat Andhra Total
Kerala Telangana
Nadu aka Pradesh (South USA
(KL) (TL)
(TN) (KA) (AP) India)
Population
72 33 61 49 35 247 311
(million)
Area (million
0.13 0.038 0.19 0.16 0.11 0.628 9.8
Km2)
10/03/2021 7
Arts & Culture
Visual art Performing arts Miscellaneous
(Architecture, (Music, dance, cinema, (Festivals, crafts,
painting etc.) martial art, animal language, cuisine,
sports etc. ) marriage ceremony
etc. )
10/03/2021 8
VISUAL ARTS
Architecture
Religious buildings
Pancharthas at Mahabalipuram (TN)
Kailasanath Temple (TN)
10/03/2021 Shore temple at Mahabalipuram (TN) 9
Sabarimala Temple (KL) Padmanabhaswami Temple (KL) 10/03/2021 Sree Virupaksha Temple (KA) 10
Vijayalaya Temple (TN) Brihadeswara Temple (TN) 10/03/2021 11
Keshava Temple, Somnathpur (KA)- Hoysala Temple Badami Cave Temple (KA)- Chalukya Style
10/03/2021
Mallikarjuna and Kashivishwanatha Temples (KA) 12
Tirupathi Temple (AP)Santhome Basilica (TN) Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica (KL) Velankanni Church (TN)
• Believed to house the remains of • Originally built by Portuguese • One of the most visited
St Thomas (one of the twelve churches in India
apostles of Jesus)
10/03/2021 13Medak Cathedral (TL) Cheraman Juma Mosque
• One of the biggest in Asia • Believed to be the oldest (629 AD) mosque in
Indian subcontinent
Thazhathangady Juma Masjid (KL)
10/03/2021 Chendamangalam Synagouge (KL) 14
• About 1000 years old, Kerala architectureMekkah Masjid, Hyderabad Charminar (1591)
• Bricks made of the soil brought from Mecca • Official emblem of Telangana
• Listed as an archaeological and architectural treasure
by Archaeological Survey of India
10/03/2021 15Traditional residential buildings
Tamil Nadu
Potter’s House
Merchant House
10/03/2021 16
Brahmin House Agricultural HouseKarnataka
Chikmagalur House Ilkal weaver's house
Andhra Pradesh
Coastal
10/03/2021 Andhra house Ikat House 17Kerala Christian House Hindu House North kerala Modern house 10/03/2021 18
Painting and Sculpture
Kolam Mural painting Raja Ravi Varma Paintings
10/03/2021 19Adiyogi Statue (TN) Nataraja sculptures
Gomateswara Statue (KA)
10/03/2021 20
Jatayu statue (KL)PERFORMING ARTS
Dance
• Classical- 4/8 Classical dances in India are from south India
Bharatanatyam (TN) Kuchuppudi (AP & TL) Mohiniyattam (KL)
10/03/2021 Kadhakali (KL) 21Other dances
Margam kali
Oppana Kummi Kali
Dollu Kunitha
10/03/2021 22
ThiruvathiraTraditional Theaters Krishnattam (KL) Yakshagana (KA) Therukoothu (TN) 10/03/2021 23
Koodiyattam (KL)
Mudiyettu
10/03/2021 Kurathiyattom (TN) 24Puppetry
Shadow Puppetry
String Puppetry Glove Puppetry
10/03/2021 25Animal Sports
Jallikkettu (TN) Buffalo race- Kambala (KA)
Cock fight-Kozhipporu
10/03/2021 (TN) Elephant race (KL) 26Martial Arts
Kalaripayattu (KL) Silambam (TN)
10/03/2021 27Cinema
Tamil- Kollywood
Telugu- Tollywood Malyalam- Mollywood
10/03/2021Kannada-Sandalwood 28Music
• Carnatic and Hindustani music
• Carnatic is confined to South India
Musicians consisting of
• a principal performer (usually a vocalist)
• a melodic accompaniment (usually a violin),
• a rhythm accompaniment (usually a mridangam),
• a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance
• Other typical instruments - ghatam, kanjira, morsing, venu flute, veena, and
chitraveena
10/03/2021 29
Tanjavur-style Tambura Volin MridangamMISCELLANEOUS
Languages
• Most explicit cultural component
• Major languages
• Tamil- Tamil Nadu Telugu
• Malayalam- Kerala
• Kannada- Karnataka Kannada Telugu
• Telugu- Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
• Major Dravidian languages
• Entirely different
• Classical language status Malayalam Tamil
• recorded history of 1500-2000 years
• literary tradition should be original and not borrowed
• Tamil-first classical language of India
• Many regional languages also
• Konkani, Tulu, Beary etc.
10/03/2021 3010/03/2021 31
Cuisines
• Famous for masala/spices
• South Indian spices are world famous since ancient history
Sadya (KL)
Dosa and Idly (TN) Pongal and Vada (TN)
Toddy (KL & TN)
10/03/2021 Hyderabad Biriyani (AP & TL) 32
Bamboo Chicken (AP & TL)Filter coffee Tender coconut
Haleem (AP & TL)
Payasam Buttermilk
10/03/2021 33Festivals
• Generally connected with ancient stories or harvest
• Many major and regional festivals
• Christmas and Ramzan also
Vishu (KL)
Pongal (TN)
Onam (KL)
10/03/2021 Diwali 34
DusseheraHand crafts
Ilkal Saree (KA) Pochampalli Saree (AP & TL) Konard Saree (TN) Kalamkari Saree (Ap & TL)
10/03/2021 35Kondapalli Toys (AP)
Kasavu Saree and Mundu (KL) Pattu (Silk) saree
10/03/2021 Bagh Kasuti (KA) 36Marriages
Muslim marriage Hindu marriage Christian marriage
10/03/2021 37Metro Cities
Chennai (TN)
• 13 million population Bengaluru (KA)
• 8462 Km2 • 10 million
• 8005 Km2
10/03/2021 38Hyderabad (TL)
• 9.7 million
• 7257 Km2
Vishakhapattanam (AP)
• 5 million
10/03/2021
• 4873 Km2 39Tourist destinations
Karnataka
Coorg Hampi Mysuru
• Hill station in Western Ghats • Historical place • Historical place
• Tea plantation, weather, • Temples, monuments, hills • Palaces, monuments, Dasara, zoo,
waterfalls, etc. temples
10/03/2021 40Kerala
Waynad Munnar Alleppy
• Hill station in Western Ghat • Hill station in Western ghats • Backwater tourism
• Wildlife, trekking, nature, dams and • Tea plantations. Arch dam, spices, • House boats, boat races, fish
lakes wildlife, weather etc. food
10/03/2021 41Tamil Nadu
Ooty Pondicherry (Union Territory) Kanyakumari
• Hill station in Western Ghat • French culture • Southern most tip of Indian
• Weather, nature • Beach, architecture, Auroville mainland
• Nilgiri Train is UNESCO world experimental township • Sunrise and sunset, Arabian
heritage list ocean and Indian ocean, churches
and temples
10/03/2021 42Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada
Gandikota
• Grand Canyon of India
• Fort, canyon
10/03/2021 Kurnool 43Telengana
Ramoji Film City Golconda Fort Warangal
10/03/2021 44Geographical Indications
Tamil Nadu
Kovai Cora Cotton
Tanjavur Paintings
Dindugal Lock
Kancheepuram Silk Srivilliputtur
Palkova
10/03/2021 45Virupakshi Hill Banana Kodaikanal Malai Poondu Palani Panchamritham 10/03/2021 Toda Embroidery 46
Karnataka
Coorg green cardamom Mysore Pak
Gulbarga
Tur Dal
Dharwad peda
10/03/2021 47
Kasuti EmbroideryKerala
Aleppy coir Brass broidered coconut shell craft Chengalikkodan banana
Vazhakkulam pineapple
10/03/2021 Pokkali rice Marayur jaggery 48Andhra Pradesh
Guntur Chilli
Kalamkari art
Mangalagiri Saree
10/03/2021 49
Tirupathi LadduTelangana
Silver Filigree of Karimnagar
Cheriyal Painting
Gadwal Sarees Nirmal Furniture
10/03/2021 50Thank you ! 10/03/2021 51
You can also read
